Dixenite (original) (raw)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
About DixeniteHide
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Formula:
CuMn2+14Fe2+(SiO4)2(As5+O4)(As3+O3)5(OH)6
Colour:
Deep red-brown to nearly black
Lustre:
Resinous, Metallic
Name:
From the Greek δύο "two" and ξένος "guest", in reference to the then unique association of silica and arsenious oxide in the mineral.
Unique in terms of both element combination and structure, although the latter is somewhat similar to that of hematolite.
Somewhat chemically comparable with klajite and monteneroite.
The structure can be described as an oxide matrix with disordered [As3+4Cu1+] clustered within. Contains typical AsO3 trigonal pyramids and two types of tetrahedra (arsenate and silicate). There are 5 nonequivalent layers, of which 3 are similar to those in hematolite. One of the 5 layers differs in containing the above Cu-As cluster. In this cluster the As3+ ions form a tetrahedron, with Cu in the central cavity. The cluster is supposed to be stabilized by the 18-electron rule, forming "closed argon core".
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1298:6
04bfacb2-670d-4ed5-8f66-b8798c941a80
IMA Classification of DixeniteHide
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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu1+Fe3+Mn2+14(As5+O4)(As3+O3)5(SiO4)2(OH)6
Type description reference:
Classification of DixeniteHide
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8.BE.45
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
46.2.8.1
46 : ANTIMONITES AND ARSENITES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
2 : Miscellaneous
17.7.8
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
7 : Silicates with vanadate, arsenate or antimonate
Mineral SymbolsHide
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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Dxn | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of DixeniteHide
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Colour:
Deep red-brown to nearly black
Cleavage:
Perfect
basal micaceous
Density:
4.35 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.375 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of DixeniteHide
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RI values:
_n_ω = 1.970 _n_ε = 1.730
δ = 0.240
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of DixeniteHide
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Mindat Formula:
CuMn2+14Fe2+(SiO4)2(As5+O4)(As3+O3)5(OH)6
Common Impurities:
Mg,Ca,Na,K,P
Crystallography of DixeniteHide
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Class (H-M):
3 - Pyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.233(4) Å, c = 37.499(1) Å
Unit Cell V:
2,201.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
in aggregates of thin flakes, massive
Crystal StructureHide
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| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000853 | Dixenite | Araki T, Moore P B (1981) Dixenite, CuMn14Fe(OH)6(AsO3)5(SiO4)2(AsO4): Metallic [As4Cu] clusters in an oxide matrix American Mineralogist 66 1263-1273 |  |
1981 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide
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Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.92 Å | (100) |
| 4.10 Å | (90) |
| 2.37 Å | (80) |
| 2.40 Å | (55) |
| 3.90 Å | (50) |
| 2.83 Å | (50) |
| 3.31 Å | (45) |
Comments:
Langban, Sweden, ICDD 19-426.
Geological EnvironmentHide
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Type Occurrence of DixeniteHide
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General Appearance of Type Material:
Aggregates of thin flakes without crystal outlines.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Flink, G. (1920) Trigonit och dixenit, två nya mineral från Långbanshytte gruvor. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar: 42: 436-452.
Other Language Names for DixeniteHide
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Relationship of Dixenite to other SpeciesHide
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Other Members of this group:
| Arakiite | (Zn,Mn2+)(Mn2+,Mg)12(Fe3+,Al)2(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 | Mon. m : B b |
|---|---|---|
| Hematolite | (Mn,Mg,Al,Fe3+)15(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| Kraisslite | Zn3(Mn,Mg)25(Fe3+,Al)(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]10(OH)16 | Orth. 222 : _C_2221 |
| Mcgovernite | Mn19Zn3(AsO4)3(AsO3)(SiO4)3(OH)21 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) |
| Synadelphite | Mn2+9(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)9 · 2H2O | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a |
| Turtmannite | (Mn,Mg)22.5Mg3-3x((V5+,As5+)O4)3(As3+O3)x(SiO4)3O5-5x(OH)20+x | Trig. |
Common AssociatesHide
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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide
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| 8.BE.05 | Augelite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8.BE.10 | Grattarolaite | Fe3+3(PO4)O3 | Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m |
| 8.BE.15 | Cornetite | Cu3(PO4)(OH)3 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P b c a |
| 8.BE.20 | Clinoclase | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 8.BE.25 | Arhbarite | Cu2Mg(AsO4)(OH)3 | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 8.BE.25 | Gilmarite | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 8.BE.30 | Allactite | Mn2+7(AsO4)2(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 8.BE.30 | Flinkite | Mn2+2Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)4 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a |
| 8.BE.30 | Raadeite | Mg7(PO4)2(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m |
| 8.BE.30 | Argandite | Mn7(VO4)2(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/m |
| 8.BE.35 | Chlorophoenicite | (Mn,Mg)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| 8.BE.35 | Magnesiochlorophoenicite | (Mg,Mn)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| 8.BE.35 | Mineral E (of Dunn, et. al., 1982) | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) | |
| 8.BE.40 | Gerdtremmelite | (Zn,Fe)(Al,Fe)2(AsO4)(OH)5 | Tric. |
| 8.BE.45 | Hematolite | (Mn,Mg,Al,Fe3+)15(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 8.BE.45 | Kraisslite | Zn3(Mn,Mg)25(Fe3+,Al)(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]10(OH)16 | Orth. 222 : _C_2221 |
| 8.BE.45 | Mcgovernite | Mn19Zn3(AsO4)3(AsO3)(SiO4)3(OH)21 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) |
| 8.BE.45 | Arakiite | (Zn,Mn2+)(Mn2+,Mg)12(Fe3+,Al)2(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 | Mon. m : B b |
| 8.BE.45 | Turtmannite | (Mn,Mg)22.5Mg3-3x((V5+,As5+)O4)3(As3+O3)x(SiO4)3O5-5x(OH)20+x | Trig. |
| 8.BE.45 | Carlfrancisite | Mn2+3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42[As3+O3]2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]6[(As5+,Si)O4]2(OH)42 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c |
| 8.BE.50 | Synadelphite | Mn2+9(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)9 · 2H2O | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a |
| 8.BE.55 | Holdenite | (Mn2+,Mg)6Zn3(AsO4)2(SiO4)(OH)8 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : C c c a |
| 8.BE.60 | Kolicite | Mn2+7Zn4(AsO4)2(SiO4)2(OH)8 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : C m c a |
| 8.BE.65 | Sabelliite | (Cu,Zn)2Zn(AsO4,SbO4)(OH)3 | Trig. 3 : _P_3 |
| 8.BE.70 | Jarosewichite | Mn2+3Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)6 | Orth. 222 |
| 8.BE.75 | Theisite | Cu5Zn5(AsO4,SbO4)2(OH)14 | Orth. |
| 8.BE.80 | Coparsite | Cu4(AsO4,VO4)O2Cl | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P b c m |
| 8.BE.85 | Waterhouseite | Mn2+7(PO4)2(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 8.BE.90 | Vasilseverginite | Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2 | Mon. 2/m |
Other InformationHide
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Notes:
Dissolves readily in HCl with the separation of gelatinous silice and in HNO3 with evolution of brown fumes, indicating the As to be trivalent.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for DixeniteHide
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References for DixeniteHide
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Localities for DixeniteHide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
| Sweden (TL) | |
|---|---|
| Värmland County Filipstad Långban Ore District ⓘ Långban Mine (TL) | Flink (1920) +2 other references |