Pyrosmalite-(Fe) (original) (raw)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
About Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Hide
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Formula:
Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10
Name:
Named in 1808 by Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann from the Greek πυρ = fire and οσμη = smell, because of the strong odor the mineral gives off when strongly heated. Renamed by IMA with a suffix -(Fe), indicating its relationship to pyrosmalite-(Mn).
Pyrosmalite-(Fe)-Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Series.
"The mineral was originally named pyrodmalith (Hausmann 1808), then shortly after changed to pyrosmalite by Karsten (1808). History, crystallography and chemistry was discussed by Zambonini (1901, Zeitschrift für Krystallographie vol. 34, p.554-561), who remarked that all historical investigations was performed on material from Bjelke mine up until when material from Dannemora, Sweden was described by Lindström 1888. Essentially all investigations up until Zambonini displayed slight to moderate Fe > Mn, Zambonini’s own investigation on material from Nordmark confirmed this.
In the description of the new mineral manganpyrosmalite (Frondel & Bauer, 1953), it was acknowleged that six old (Fe-dominant) analyses together with the new (Mn-dominant) indicated a continuous solid solution series with Fe/(Fe+Mn) ratio from about 0.60-0.25. The old name pyrosmalite was retained for members with Fe>Mn and manganpyrosmalite was applied to members of the series with Mn>Fe.
In The iron end-member of the pyrosmalite series,from Pegmont lead-zinc deposit, Queensland, Vaughan (1986, Min. Mag. vol.50:527-531) reported an extremely iron-rich member of the series that had Fe/(Fe+Mn) ratio 0.92. Vaughan explained the nomenclature used by Frondel & Baur, and noted that the Pegmont material fell within the pyrosmalite field sensu stricto. However, Vaughan self in the article used “pyrosmalite” to designate the series and expressed an opinion that the nomenclature was unresolved. In a later short communication, Vaughan (1987, Min. Mag. vol.51:174) could report that the IMA Commission had resolved the nomenclature issue “and the Fe-rich species described in Vaughan (1986) is designated ferropyrosmalite”. This may briefly sound as Vaughan discovered a new species, when in fact he was decribing the most Fe-rich of the (Fe-rich) pyrosmalites. Thus, Vaughan was “only” enforcing a nomenclature revision, so that pyrosmalite came to designate the Fe-Mn solid solution series and the Fe vs Mn fields, came to bear names, ferropyrosmalite and manganpyrosmalite, that directly indicated the composition.
I think this is a good example of how name revisions get confounded with “new” discoveries and mineralogical history unfortunately gets erased."
(Johan Kjellman posting on Mindat forum)
"A slightly later paper by Stillwell and McAndrew (1957, Min. Mag., p. 371) also mentions Frondel and Bauer and states:
"In doing so (i.e. proposing the name manganpyrosmalite) they relegate the name pyrosmalite from that for a species as found with approximately equal amounts of Fe and Mn to that of a variety with Fe>Mn; this departure from the earlier usage is undesirable. The name pyrosmalite is here retained for all members of the isomorphous series."
(Jeffrey Vaughan, pers. comm. to Uwe Kolitsch)
The work of Yang et al. (2012) suggests the presence of disordered structural water in pyrosmalite-(Fe), consistent with infrared spectroscopic data measured from the same sample.
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1525:3
d527cf0b-9bee-4c7f-9582-20a524c56329
IMA Classification of Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Hide
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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe2+8Si6O15(OH)10
Classification of Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Hide
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9.EE.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands
72.4.1a.1
72 : PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings
4 : Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with 4-, 6-, and 12-membered rings
17.3.12
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
3 : Silicates with chloride (including aluminosilicates)
Mineral SymbolsHide
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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Pys-Fe | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Pys | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Physical Properties of Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Hide
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Optical Data of Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Hide
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RI values:
_n_ω = 1.680 _n_ε = 1.640
δ = 0.040
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Chemistry of Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Hide
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Mindat Formula:
Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10
Chemical AnalysisHide
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Crystallography of Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Hide
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Class (H-M):
3_m_ _(_32/m ) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.3165(2) Å, c = 7.0845(2) Å
Unit Cell V:
1,087.98 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Crystal StructureHide
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| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0018558 | Pyrosmalite-(Fe) | Yang H, Downs R T, Yang Y W, Allen W H (2011) Pyrosmalite-(Fe), Fe8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 Acta Crystallographica E68 i7-i8 |  |
2011 | Burguillos del Cerro, Badajos, Spain | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Geological EnvironmentHide
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Type Occurrence of Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Hide
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Synonyms of Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Hide
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Other Language Names for Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Hide
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Relationship of Pyrosmalite-(Fe) to other SpeciesHide
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Other Members of this group:
| Friedelite | Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
|---|---|---|
| Mcgillite | (Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| Nelenite | (Mn,Fe)16(Si12O30)(OH)14[As3+3O6(OH)3] | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m |
| Pyrosmalite-(Mn) | Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_m_1 |
| Schallerite | Mn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17 | Trig. 3_m_ : _P_3_m_1 |
Common AssociatesHide
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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide
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| 9.EE. | Cairncrossite | Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9.EE.05 | Bementite | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 | Mon. |
| 9.EE.07 | Innsbruckite | Mn33(Si2O5)14(OH)38 | Mon. m : B m |
| 9.EE.10 | Brokenhillite | Mn8Si6O15(OH)10 | Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c |
| 9.EE.10 | Friedelite | Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| 9.EE.10 | Pyrosmalite-(Mn) | Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_m_1 |
| 9.EE.10 | Mcgillite | (Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| 9.EE.15 | Nelenite | (Mn,Fe)16(Si12O30)(OH)14[As3+3O6(OH)3] | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m |
| 9.EE.15 | Schallerite | Mn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17 | Trig. 3_m_ : _P_3_m_1 |
| 9.EE.20 | Palygorskite | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| 9.EE.20 | Tuperssuatsiaite | Fe3+Fe3+2(Na◻)◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| 9.EE.20 | Yofortierite | Mn2+Mn2+2Mn2+2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| 9.EE.20 | Windhoekite | Fe3+(Fe3+1.67◻0.33)Ca2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4(OH)2 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| 9.EE.20 | Unnamed (Na-Ca-Fe-Silicate-Hydrate) | NaCa(Fe2+,Al,Mn)5[Si8O19(OH)](OH)7 · 5H2O | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 9.EE.20 | Windmountainite | ◻Fe3+2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| 9.EE.20 | Ikorskyite | KMn3+(Si4O10) · 3H2O | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 9.EE.25 | Falcondoite | (Ni,Mg)4Si6O15(OH)2 · 6H2O | Orth. |
| 9.EE.25 | Loughlinite | Na2Mg3Si6O16 · 8H2O | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) |
| 9.EE.25 | Sepiolite | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n n a |
| 9.EE.25 | Kalifersite | (K,Na)5Fe3+7Si20O50(OH)6 · 12H2O | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 9.EE.30 | Gyrolite | NaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 9.EE.30 | Orlymanite | Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2O | Hex. |
| 9.EE.30 | Tungusite | Ca4Fe2Si6O15(OH)6 | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 9.EE.35 | Reyerite | (Na,K)2Ca14(Si,Al)24O58(OH)8 · 6H2O | Trig. 3 : _P_3 |
| 9.EE.35 | Truscottite | (Ca,Mn)14Si24O58(OH)8 · 2H2O | Trig. |
| 9.EE.35 | Kodamaite | Na3(Ca5Na)Si16O36(OH)4F2 · (14-x)H2O | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 9.EE.40 | Natrosilite | Na2Si2O5 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 9.EE.45 | Makatite | Na2Si4O8(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 9.EE.50 | Varennesite | Na8Mn2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2 · 12H2O | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : C m c m |
| 9.EE.55 | Raite | Mn2+Mn2+2Na2(◻1.75Ti0.25)Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · Na(H2O)6 | Orth. 222 : _C_222 |
| 9.EE.60 | Intersilite | Na6Mn2+Ti[Si10O24(OH)](OH)3 · 4H2O | Mon. |
| 9.EE.65 | Shafranovskite | Na3K2(Mn,Fe,Na)4[Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2 · nH2O | Trig. 3_m_ : P_31_c |
| 9.EE.65 | Zakharovite | Na4Mn5Si10O24(OH)6 · 6H2O | Trig. 3_m_ |
| 9.EE.70 | Zeophyllite | Ca13Si10O28(OH)2F8 · 6H2O | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 9.EE.75 | Minehillite | (K,Na)2-3Ca28Zn4Al4Si40O112(OH)16 | Hex. |
| 9.EE.80 | Fedorite | (Na,K)2-3(Ca4Na3)Si16O38(OH,F)2 · 3.5H2O | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 9.EE.80 | Martinite | (Na,◻,Ca)12Ca4(Si,S,B)14B2O38(OH,Cl)2F2 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 9.EE.80 | Ellingsenite | Na5Ca6Si18O38(OH)13 · 6H2O | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 9.EE.85 | Lalondeite | (Na,Ca)6(Ca,Na)3Si16O38(F,OH)2 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
Other InformationHide
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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Hide
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References for Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Hide
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Reference List:
Yang, Hexiong, Downs, Robert T., Yang, Yongbo W., Allen, Warren H. (2012) Pyrosmalite-(Fe), Fe8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10. Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 68 (1) 7-8 doi:10.1107/s1600536811052822
Localities for Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Hide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.