Friedelite (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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About FriedeliteHide

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Formula:

Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10

Colour:

Tan, brown, red, "beef steak" red-brown, dark brown

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Greasy, Pearly

Specific Gravity:

3.04 - 3.06

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Named by Emile Bertrand in 1876 in honour of the noted French chemist and mineralogist, Charles Friedel [12 March 1832 Strasbourg, France – 20 April 1899 Montauban, France], who was professor of chemistry at the Sorbonne. Friedel developed the Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions with James Crafts in 1877, and attempted to make synthetic diamonds. His son Georges Friedel (1865–1933) also became a renowned mineralogist and is well-known for Friedel's Law, which is used in X-ray diffraction calculations.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1609:0

a82fbbee-3255-415b-bbca-0206154fab5e

IMA Classification of FriedeliteHide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Mn2+8Si6O15(OH)10

Type description reference:

Classification of FriedeliteHide

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9.EE.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands

72.4.1b.1

72 : PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings
4 : Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with 4-, 6-, and 12-membered rings

17.3.11

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
3 : Silicates with chloride (including aluminosilicates)

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol Source Reference
Fdl IMA–CNMNC Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Fdl Warr (2020) Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of FriedeliteHide

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Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Greasy, Pearly

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Tan, brown, red, "beef steak" red-brown, dark brown

Density:

3.04 - 3.06 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.066 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of FriedeliteHide

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RI values:

_n_α = 1.654 - 1.656 _n_γ = 1.620 - 1.625

δ = 0.034

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Optical Extinction:

Nearly uniaxial

Pleochroism:

Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of FriedeliteHide

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Mindat Formula:

Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10

Common Impurities:

Fe,Al,Zn,Mg,Ca

Crystallography of FriedeliteHide

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Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Cell Parameters:

a = 23.335 Å, b = 13.396 Å, c = 7.447 Å
β = 105.08°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.742 : 1 : 0.556

Unit Cell V:

2,247.74 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Usually in masses, crystals may appear hexagonal or trigonal, but are generally hemimorphic.

Twinning:

Universal, repeated about [110] and [110], composition plane {001}, giving pseudorhombohedral symmetry.

Comment:

Pseudorhombohedral.

Crystal StructureHide

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ID Species Reference Link Year Locality Pressure (GPa) Temp (K)
0015711 Friedelite Kato T, Watanabe I (1992) The crystal structures of schallerite and friedelite Yamaguchi University, College of Arts Bulletin 26 51-63 1992 Aderville, France 0 293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing Intensity
11.4 Å (10)
7.17 Å (90)
3.60 Å (70)
2.88 Å (60)
2.56 Å (100)
2.408 Å (30)
2.115 Å (40)
1.974 Å (20)
1.731 Å (30)
1.676 Å (60)
1.632 Å (20)
1.625 Å (10)
1.520 Å (10)
1.449 Å (10)
1.439 Å (10)
1.402 Å (20)
1.374 Å (10)
1.359 Å (30)
1.313 Å (10)
1.204 Å (20)
1.200 Å (10)
1.167 Å (10)
1.093 Å (10)
1.090 Å (10)
1.065 Å (10)

Comments:

ICDD 35-572. Also nearly identical to that of mcgillite.

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Type Occurrence of FriedeliteHide

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Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, numbers 22889, 22891.

Reference:

Bertrand, E. (1876) Sur un nouveau minéral des Pyrénees. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences: 82: 1167-1168.

Other Language Names for FriedeliteHide

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Simplified Chinese:红锰铁矿

Traditional Chinese:紅錳礦

Varieties of FriedeliteHide

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Relationship of Friedelite to other SpeciesHide

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Other Members of this group:

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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9.EE. Cairncrossite Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.05 Bementite Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 Mon.
9.EE.07 Innsbruckite Mn33(Si2O5)14(OH)38 Mon. m : B m
9.EE.10 Brokenhillite Mn8Si6O15(OH)10 Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
9.EE.10 Mcgillite (Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2 Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
9.EE.10 Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_m_1
9.EE.10 Pyrosmalite-(Fe) Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_m_1
9.EE.15 Nelenite (Mn,Fe)16(Si12O30)(OH)14[As3+3O6(OH)3] Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m
9.EE.15 Schallerite Mn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17 Trig. 3_m_ : _P_3_m_1
9.EE.20 Palygorskite ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
9.EE.20 Yofortierite Mn2+Mn2+2Mn2+2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
9.EE.20 Windhoekite Fe3+(Fe3+1.67◻0.33)Ca2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4(OH)2 · 6H2O Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
9.EE.20 Windmountainite ◻Fe3+2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
9.EE.20 Ikorskyite KMn3+(Si4O10) · 3H2O Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.EE.20 Tuperssuatsiaite Fe3+Fe3+2(Na◻)◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 2H2O Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
9.EE.20 Unnamed (Na-Ca-Fe-Silicate-Hydrate) NaCa(Fe2+,Al,Mn)5[Si8O19(OH)](OH)7 · 5H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.25 Sepiolite Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n n a
9.EE.25 Loughlinite Na2Mg3Si6O16 · 8H2O Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
9.EE.25 Falcondoite (Ni,Mg)4Si6O15(OH)2 · 6H2O Orth.
9.EE.25 Kalifersite (K,Na)5Fe3+7Si20O50(OH)6 · 12H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.30 Orlymanite Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2O Hex.
9.EE.30 Tungusite Ca4Fe2Si6O15(OH)6 Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.30 Gyrolite NaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.35 Reyerite (Na,K)2Ca14(Si,Al)24O58(OH)8 · 6H2O Trig. 3 : _P_3
9.EE.35 Kodamaite Na3(Ca5Na)Si16O36(OH)4F2 · (14-x)H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.35 Truscottite (Ca,Mn)14Si24O58(OH)8 · 2H2O Trig.
9.EE.40 Natrosilite Na2Si2O5 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.EE.45 Makatite Na2Si4O8(OH)2 · 4H2O Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.EE.50 Varennesite Na8Mn2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2 · 12H2O Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : C m c m
9.EE.55 Raite Mn2+Mn2+2Na2(◻1.75Ti0.25)Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · Na(H2O)6 Orth. 222 : _C_222
9.EE.60 Intersilite Na6Mn2+Ti[Si10O24(OH)](OH)3 · 4H2O Mon.
9.EE.65 Zakharovite Na4Mn5Si10O24(OH)6 · 6H2O Trig. 3_m_
9.EE.65 Shafranovskite Na3K2(Mn,Fe,Na)4[Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2 · nH2O Trig. 3_m_ : P_31_c
9.EE.70 Zeophyllite Ca13Si10O28(OH)2F8 · 6H2O Trig. 3 : _R_3
9.EE.75 Minehillite (K,Na)2-3Ca28Zn4Al4Si40O112(OH)16 Hex.
9.EE.80 Fedorite (Na,K)2-3(Ca4Na3)Si16O38(OH,F)2 · 3.5H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.80 Martinite (Na,◻,Ca)12Ca4(Si,S,B)14B2O38(OH,Cl)2F2 · 4H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.80 Ellingsenite Na5Ca6Si18O38(OH)13 · 6H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.85 Lalondeite (Na,Ca)6(Ca,Na)3Si16O38(F,OH)2 · 3H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1

Fluorescence of FriedeliteHide

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Other InformationHide

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Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

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References for FriedeliteHide

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Reference List:

Dunn, Pete J., Peacor, Donald R., Nelen, Joseph A., Norberg, Julie A. (1981) Crystal-chemical data for schallerite, caryopilite and friedelite from Franklin and Sterling Hill, New Jersey. American Mineralogist, 66 (9-10) 1054-1062

Localities for FriedeliteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Australia
New South Wales Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district ⓘ Broken Hill Worner et al. (et al)
ⓘ Southern operations Mine Demetrius Pohl collection
Austria
Salzburg Zell am See District Kaprun ⓘ Brandlscharte Kolitsch et al. (2021)
ⓘ Krapfkühkarl (Krapfkühkar) Kolitsch et al. (2019)
ⓘ Schmieding glacier Kolitsch (2023)
Styria Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District Sankt Barbara im Mürztal Veitsch Kleinveitsch Kaiblinggraben ⓘ Friedlkogel (Friedelkogel; Heinzlkogel) Francis (2004)
ⓘ Kaskogel (Kaskögerl) Franz Bernhard collection
Tyrol Innsbruck-Land District Navis ⓘ Grünhöfe Meixner (1979)
ⓘ Navis stream (Navis creek) Exel (1993) +1 other reference
Staffelsee ⓘ Innsbruckite occurrence tirol.orf.at/news/stories/2612087/ +1 other reference
Lienz District Kals am Großglockner Kals valley ⓘ Ködnitz valley Abrecht (1990)
China
Xinjiang Kezilesu Autonomous Prefecture (Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture; Qizilsu Autonomous Prefecture) Aketao Co. (Akto Co.; Aqto Co.) ⓘ Ortokarnash deposit Zhang et al. (2022)
France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Savoie Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne Bessans ⓘ Le Coin Chopin (1978)
Bonneval-sur-Arc ⓘ Ouille du Midi Chopin (1978)
Occitanie Ariège ⓘ Las Cabesses Perseil (1967)
Haute-Garonne Saint-Gaudens Boutx ⓘ Tuc Usclat Inventaire minéralogique de la France ...
Hautes-Pyrénées ⓘ Aure Valley De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002)
Nabias ⓘ Plan de Labasse Brugger et al. (1999)
Bagnères-de-Bigorre Vielle-Aure ⓘ Coustou Mine Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references
ⓘ Torrens mine Lienau (1899)
Louron Valley Aderville ⓘ Montagne d'Azet (TL) Bertrand (1876) +1 other reference
Pyrénées-Orientales Céret Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste ⓘ Costabonne mines (Costabona mines) Dubru. M (1986)
Reynès ⓘ Roca Gelera (Roque Jalaire) Berbain et al. (2005)
Germany
Saxony-Anhalt Harz Oberharz am Brocken Elbingerode Schävenholz ⓘ Kaiser Franz Mine (König Wilhelm Mine) Witzke (2013)
Italy
Lombardy Sondrio Province Lanzada Scerscen Valley ⓘ Lower Scerscen Glacier Bedognè et al. (1993) +1 other reference
Piedmont Metropolitan City of Turin Salbertrand ⓘ Case Berge Ambrino et al. (2022)
Kazakhstan
Ulytau Region Karazhal ⓘ Ushkatyn deposits (Ushkatan) Frank Dzubeck +2 other references
ⓘ Ushkatyn No. 1 deposit Frank Dzubeck +1 other reference
Zhayrem (Zhairem) ⓘ Ushkatyn No. 3 deposit (Ushkatyn-III deposit) Brusnitsyn et al. (2023) +2 other references
Zhanaarka District Atasu Mine ⓘ Zhomart Fe-Mn deposit (Dzhumart) Kayupova (1964)
Norway
Agder Bykle Hovden ⓘ Hartevatn Ouarry Nordrum (2008)
Peru
Lima Oyón Province Oyón District Uchucchacua area ⓘ Uchucchacua Mine Bussell et al. (1990) +1 other reference
Romania
ⓘ Bistriţa Mn belt Hîrtopanu et al. (2003)
Caraş-Severin County Brebu ⓘ Delineşti deposit Hârtopanu et al. (1996)
Maramureș County Târgu Lăpuș ⓘ Răzoare Hirtopanu et al. (2015)
Suceava County Cârlibaba Cârlibaba ⓘ Dadu Mn deposit Hârtopanu et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Ciocănești Ciocănești ⓘ Oița Mn deposit Munteanu (1993) +1 other reference
Iacobeni ⓘ Arșița mine minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)
Tolovanu ⓘ Tolovanu (Tolovan) Mn deposit Hîrtopanu (1997) +1 other reference
Russia
Nenets Autonomous Okrug Yugorskii Peninsula Pai-Khoi Range (Paikhoi; Pay Khoy) ⓘ Silovayakhinskoye occurrence Старикова (2011)
Tyumen Oblast ⓘ Sob Brusnitsyn et al. (2017)
Slovakia
Košice Region Spišská Nová Ves District Poráč ⓘ Diely manganese ore occurrence Martin Števko & Pavol Myšľan +1 other reference
South Africa
Northern Cape John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Joe Morolong Local Municipality ⓘ Middelplaats Mine Cairncross et al. (1995)
N'Chwaning Mines ⓘ N'Chwaning I Mine Pohl et al. (1991)
ⓘ N'Chwaning II Mine Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Wessels Mine Pohl et al. (1991)
Spain
Catalonia Tarragona Priorat El Molar ⓘ Serrana Mine (Manganese Mine) Mineralogistes de Catalunya
Sweden
Örebro County Hällefors Grythyttan ⓘ Sjögruvan Flink (1916) +1 other reference
Stockholm County Haninge Utö ⓘ Utö Mines Langhof et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Värmland County Filipstad Långban Ore District ⓘ Långban Mine Gatedal (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ Anrikningsverk dump Natural History Museum
Persberg ore district Pajsberg ⓘ Harstigen Mine Lindström (1891) +2 other references
Switzerland
Grisons Maloja Region Samedan Piz Corvatsch ⓘ Furtschellas deposit Stalder et al. (1998)
Plessur Region Arosa Langwies Fondei Valley ⓘ Barge (Barga) ? Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Valais Leuk Turtmann-Unterems Turtmann Valley Pipjitälli ⓘ Pipji glacier Ansermet (2012)
USA
Colorado San Juan County Eureka Mining District Gladstone Bonita Peak ⓘ Sunnyside Mine group Burbank (1933) +1 other reference
New Jersey Sussex County Franklin ⓘ Franklin Mine Palache (1935) +1 other reference
ⓘ Buckwheat pit Palache (1935)
ⓘ Mill site dump FOMS Millsite Committee (1986)
ⓘ Taylor Mine Palache (1935)
Ogdensburg Sterling Hill ⓘ Sterling Mine Palache (1935) +1 other reference