Federal German ministries, political parties, etc. (original) (raw)

Rulers: Federal Republic of Germany

Party abbreviations: CDU=Christian Democratic Union, CSU=Christian Social Union, DP=German Party, DSU=German Social Union, FDP[/DVP]=Free Democratic Party[/Democratic People's Party], FVP=Free People's Party, GB/BHE=All-German Bloc/Federation of the Displaced and Dispossessed, Grn=Alliance 90/The Greens, Lft=The Left, n/p=no party, SPD=Social Democratic Party of Germany

Vice chancellors 20 Sep 1949 - 29 Oct 1957 Franz Bl�cher FDP (b. 1896 - d. 1959) 29 Oct 1957 - 16 Oct 1963 Ludwig Erhard CDU (b. 1897 - d. 1977) 17 Oct 1963 - 28 Oct 1966 Erich Mende FDP (b. 1916 - d. 1998) 28 Oct 1966 - 1 Dec 1966 Hans-Christoph Seebohm CDU (b. 1903 - d. 1967) 1 Dec 1966 - 21 Oct 1969 Willy Brandt SPD (b. 1913 - d. 1992) 21 Oct 1969 - 16 May 1974 Walter Scheel FDP (b. 1919 - d. 2016) 16 May 1974 - 17 Sep 1982 Hans-Dietrich Genscher (1st time) FDP (b. 1927 - d. 2016) 17 Sep 1982 - 1 Oct 1982 Egon Franke SPD (b. 1913 - d. 1995) 4 Oct 1982 - 18 May 1992 Hans-Dietrich Genscher (2nd time) FDP (s.a.) 18 May 1992 - 21 Jan 1993 J�rgen W. M�llemann FDP (b. 1945 - d. 2003) 21 Jan 1993 - 27 Oct 1998 Klaus Kinkel FDP (b. 1936 - d. 2019) 27 Oct 1998 - 22 Nov 2005 Joschka Fischer Grn (b. 1948) 22 Nov 2005 - 21 Nov 2007 Franz M�ntefering SPD (b. 1940) 21 Nov 2007 - 28 Oct 2009 Frank-Walter Steinmeier SPD (b. 1956) 28 Oct 2009 - 18 May 2011 Guido Westerwelle FDP (b. 1961 - d. 2016) 18 May 2011 - 17 Dec 2013 Philipp R�sler FDP (b. 1973) 17 Dec 2013 - 14 Mar 2018 Sigmar Gabriel SPD (b. 1959) 14 Mar 2018 - 8 Dec 2021 Olaf Scholz SPD (b. 1958) 8 Dec 2021 - Robert Habeck Grn (b. 1969)

Foreign Affairs

Ministers 15 Mar 1951 - 6 Jun 1955 Konrad Adenauer CDU (b. 1876 - d. 1967) 8 Jun 1955 - 14 Nov 1961 Heinrich von Brentano CDU (b. 1904 - d. 1964) 14 Nov 1961 - 1 Dec 1966 Gerhard Schr�der CDU (b. 1910 - d. 1989) 1 Dec 1966 - 21 Oct 1969 Willy Brandt SPD (b. 1913 - d. 1992) 21 Oct 1969 - 16 May 1974 Walter Scheel FDP (b. 1919 - d. 2016) 16 May 1974 - 17 Sep 1982 Hans-Dietrich Genscher (1st time) FDP (b. 1927 - d. 2016) 17 Sep 1982 - 1 Oct 1982 Helmut Schmidt SPD (b. 1918 - d. 2015) 4 Oct 1982 - 18 May 1992 Hans-Dietrich Genscher (2nd time) FDP (s.a.) 18 May 1992 - 27 Oct 1998 Klaus Kinkel FDP (b. 1936 - d. 2019) 27 Oct 1998 - 22 Nov 2005 Joschka Fischer Grn (b. 1948) 22 Nov 2005 - 28 Oct 2009 Frank-Walter Steinmeier (1st time) SPD (b. 1956) 28 Oct 2009 - 17 Dec 2013 Guido Westerwelle FDP (b. 1961 - d. 2016) 17 Dec 2013 - 27 Jan 2017 Frank-Walter Steinmeier (2nd time) SPD (s.a.) 27 Jan 2017 - 14 Mar 2018 Sigmar Gabriel SPD (b. 1959) 14 Mar 2018 - 8 Dec 2021 Heiko Maas SPD (b. 1966) 8 Dec 2021 - Annalena Baerbock (f) Grn (b. 1980)

Defense

Ministers 7 Jun 1955 - 16 Oct 1956 Theodor Blank CDU (b. 1905 - d. 1972) 16 Oct 1956 - 9 Jan 1963 Franz Josef Strauss CSU (b. 1915 - d. 1988) 9 Jan 1963 - 1 Dec 1966 Kai-Uwe von Hassel CDU (b. 1913 - d. 1997) 1 Dec 1966 - 21 Oct 1969 Gerhard Schr�der CDU (b. 1910 - d. 1989) 21 Oct 1969 - 7 Jul 1972 Helmut Schmidt SPD (b. 1918 - d. 2015) 7 Jul 1972 - 16 Feb 1978 Georg Leber SPD (b. 1920 - d. 2012) 16 Feb 1978 - 1 Oct 1982 Hans Apel SPD (b. 1932 - d. 2011) 4 Oct 1982 - 18 May 1988 Manfred W�rner CDU (b. 1934 - d. 1994) 18 May 1988 - 21 Apr 1989 Rupert Scholz CDU (b. 1937) 21 Apr 1989 - 1 Apr 1992 Gerhard Stoltenberg CDU (b. 1928 - d. 2001) 1 Apr 1992 - 27 Oct 1998 Volker R�he CDU (b. 1942) 27 Oct 1998 - 19 Jul 2002 Rudolf Scharping SPD (b. 1947) 19 Jul 2002 - 22 Nov 2005 Peter Struck SPD (b. 1943 - d. 2012) 22 Nov 2005 - 28 Oct 2009 Franz Josef Jung CDU (b. 1949) 28 Oct 2009 - 3 Mar 2011 Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg CSU (b. 1971) 3 Mar 2011 - 17 Dec 2013 Thomas de Maizi�re CDU (b. 1954) 17 Dec 2013 - 17 Jul 2019 Ursula von der Leyen (f) CDU (b. 1958) 17 Jul 2019 - 8 Dec 2021 Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer (f) CDU (b. 1962) 8 Dec 2021 - 19 Jan 2023 Christine Lambrecht (f) SPD (b. 1965) 19 Jan 2023 - Boris Pistorius SPD (b. 1960)

Bundeswehr

Inspectors-general (chiefs of staff) 1 Jun 1957 - 1 Apr 1961 Adolf Heusinger (b. 1897 - d. 1982) 1 Apr 1961 - 1 Jan 1964 Friedrich Foertsch (b. 1900 - d. 1976) 1 Jan 1964 - 25 Aug 1966 Heinz Trettner (b. 1907 - d. 2006) 25 Aug 1966 - 1 Apr 1972 Ulrich de Maizi�re (b. 1912 - d. 2006) 1 Apr 1972 - 30 Nov 1976 Armin Zimmermann (b. 1917 - d. 1976) 21 Dec 1976 - 12 Dec 1978 Harald Wust (b. 1921 - d. 2010) 12 Dec 1978 - 1 Apr 1983 J�rgen Brandt (b. 1922 - d. 2003) 1 Apr 1983 - 1 Oct 1986 Wolfgang Altenburg (b. 1928 - d. 2023) 1 Oct 1986 - 1 Oct 1991 Dieter Wellershoff (b. 1933 - d. 2005) 1 Oct 1991 - 8 Feb 1996 Klaus Naumann (b. 1939) 8 Feb 1996 - 31 Mar 1999 Hartmut Bagger (b. 1938 - d. 2024) 31 Mar 1999 - 29 Jun 2000 Hans-Peter von Kirchbach (b. 1941) 29 Jun 2000 - 27 Jun 2002 Harald Kujat (b. 1942) 27 Jun 2002 - 26 Nov 2009 Wolfgang Schneiderhan (b. 1946) 21 Jan 2010 - 19 Apr 2018 Volker Wieker (b. 1954) 19 Apr 2018 - 17 Mar 2023 Eberhard Zorn (b. 1960) 17 Mar 2023 - Carsten Breuer (b. 1964)

Interior

Ministers 20 Sep 1949 - 13 Oct 1950 - Interior, Construction, and 14 Mar 2018 - 8 Dec 2021 Horst Seehofer - Interior and Homeland - 8 Dec 2021 - Nancy Faeser (f) rel="noopener noreferrer">Gustav Heinemann CDU (b. 1899 - d. 1976) CDU (b. 1883 - d. 1956) rel="noopener noreferrer">Gerhard Schr�der CDU (b. 1910 - d. 1989) CSU (b. 1912 - d. 1989) CDU (b. 1914 - d. 1976) CDU (b. 1925 - d. 2009) rel="noopener noreferrer">Hans-Dietrich Genscher FDP (b. 1927 - d. 2016) FDP (b. 1918 - d. 2009) FDP (b. 1932) SPD (b. 1936) CSU (b. 1925 - d. 2012) rel="noopener noreferrer">Wolfgang Sch�uble (1st time) CDU (b. 1942 - d. 2023) CDU (b. 1937) CDU (b. 1939) rel="noopener noreferrer">Otto Schily SPD (b. 1932) rel="noopener noreferrer">Wolfgang Sch�uble (2nd time) CDU (s.a.) de Maizi�re (1st time) CDU (b. 1954) CSU (b. 1957) de Maizi�re (2nd time) CDU (s.a.) Homeland - CSU (b. 1949) SPD (b. 1970)

Bundeskriminalamt

Presidents 1951 - 1952 Max Hagemann (b. 1883 - d. 1968) 1952 - 1955 Hanns Jess (b. 1887 - d. 1975) 1955 - 1964 Reinhard Dullien (b. 1902 - d. 1982) 1965 - 1971 Paul Dickopf (b. 1910 - d. 1973) 1 Sep 1971 - 1981 Horst Herold (b. 1923 - d. 2018) 1981 - 27 Mar 1990 Heinrich Boge (b. 1929 - d. 2020) 27 Mar 1990 - 28 Mar 1996 Hans-Ludwig Zachert (b. 1937) 28 Mar 1996 - 5 Feb 2004 Klaus Ulrich Kersten (b. 1941) 5 Feb 2004 - 19 Nov 2014 J�rg Ziercke (b. 1947) 19 Nov 2014 - Holger M�nch (b. 1961)

Bundesamt f�r Verfassungsschutz

Presidents Dec 1950 - 20 Jul 1954 Otto John (acting to 17 Nov 1951) (b. 1909 - d. 1997) 23 Jul 1954 - 31 Jul 1955 Hanns Jess (acting) (b. 1887 - d. 1975) 1 Aug 1955 - 30 Apr 1972 Hubert Schr�bbers (b. 1907 - d. 1979) (acting to 15 Dec 1955) 1 May 1972 - 15 Sep 1975 G�nther Nollau (b. 1911 - d. 1991) 15 Sep 1975 - 26 Apr 1983 Richard Meier (b. 1928 - d. 2015) 13 May 1983 - 31 Jul 1985 Heribert Hellenbroich (b. 1937 - d. 2014) 1 Aug 1985 - 1 Apr 1987 Holger Pfahls (b. 1942) 2 Apr 1987 - 28 Feb 1991 Gerhard Boeden (b. 1925 - d. 2010) 1 Mar 1991 - 31 May 1995 Eckart Werthebach (b. 1940) 1 Aug 1995 - 15 May 1996 Hansj�rg Geiger (b. 1942) 15 May 1996 - 30 Apr 2000 Peter Frisch (b. 1935 - d. 2018) 2 Jun 2000 - 31 Jul 2012 Heinz Fromm (b. 1948) 1 Aug 2012 - 5 Nov 2018 Hans-Georg Maassen (b. 1962) 5 Nov 2018 - 13 Nov 2024 Thomas Haldenwang (b. 1960) (acting to 15 Nov 2018) 13 Nov 2024 - Sinan Selen (b. 1972) + Silke Willems (f) (b. 1970) (acting)

Finance

Ministers 20 Sep 1949 - 29 Oct 1957 Fritz Sch�ffer CSU (b. 1888 - d. 1967) 29 Oct 1957 - 14 Nov 1961 Franz Etzel CDU (b. 1902 - d. 1970) 14 Nov 1961 - 19 Nov 1962 Heinz Starke FDP (b. 1911 - d. 2001) 14 Dec 1962 - 28 Oct 1966 Rolf Dahlgr�n FDP (b. 1908 - d. 1969) 8 Nov 1966 - 1 Dec 1966 Kurt Schm�cker CDU (b. 1919 - d. 1996) 1 Dec 1966 - 21 Oct 1969 Franz Josef Strauss CSU (b. 1915 - d. 1988) 21 Oct 1969 - 13 May 1971 Alex M�ller SPD (b. 1903 - d. 1985) 13 May 1971 - 7 Jul 1972 Karl Schiller SPD (b. 1911 - d. 1994) 7 Jul 1972 - 16 May 1974 Helmut Schmidt SPD (b. 1918 - d. 2015) 16 May 1974 - 16 Feb 1978 Hans Apel SPD (b. 1932 - d. 2011) 16 Feb 1978 - 28 Apr 1982 Hans Matth�fer SPD (b. 1925 - d. 2009) 28 Apr 1982 - 1 Oct 1982 Manfred Lahnstein SPD (b. 1937) 4 Oct 1982 - 21 Apr 1989 Gerhard Stoltenberg CDU (b. 1928 - d. 2001) 21 Apr 1989 - 27 Oct 1998 Theo Waigel CSU (b. 1939) 27 Oct 1998 - 18 Mar 1999 Oskar Lafontaine SPD (b. 1943) 18 Mar 1999 - 12 Apr 1999 Werner M�ller (acting) n/p (b. 1946 - d. 2019) 12 Apr 1999 - 22 Nov 2005 Hans Eichel SPD (b. 1941) 22 Nov 2005 - 28 Oct 2009 Peer Steinbr�ck SPD (b. 1947) 28 Oct 2009 - 24 Oct 2017 Wolfgang Sch�uble CDU (b. 1942 - d. 2023) 24 Oct 2017 - 14 Mar 2018 Peter Altmaier (acting) CDU (b. 1958) 14 Mar 2018 - 8 Dec 2021 Olaf Scholz SPD (b. 1958) 8 Dec 2021 - 7 Nov 2024 Christian Lindner FDP (b. 1979) 7 Nov 2024 - J�rg Kukies SPD (b. 1968)

Justice

20 Sep 1949 Ministry of Justice 17 Dec 2013 Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection 8 Dec 2021 Ministry of Justice

Ministers 20 Sep 1949 - 20 Oct 1953 Thomas Dehler FDP (b. 1897 - d. 1967) 20 Oct 1953 - 16 Oct 1956 Fritz Neumayer FDP; 1956: FVP (b. 1884 - d. 1973) 16 Oct 1956 - 29 Oct 1957 Hans-Joachim von Merkatz DP (b. 1905 - d. 1982) 29 Oct 1957 - 14 Nov 1961 Fritz Sch�ffer CSU (b. 1888 - d. 1967) 14 Nov 1961 - 19 Nov 1962 Wolfgang Stammberger FDP (b. 1920 - d. 1982) 14 Dec 1962 - 27 Mar 1965 Ewald Bucher FDP (b. 1914 - d. 1991) 1 Apr 1965 - 26 Oct 1965 Karl Weber CDU (b. 1898 - d. 1985) 26 Oct 1965 - 1 Dec 1966 Richard Jaeger CSU (b. 1913 - d. 1998) 1 Dec 1966 - 26 Mar 1969 Gustav Heinemann SPD (b. 1899 - d. 1976) 26 Mar 1969 - 21 Oct 1969 Horst Ehmke SPD (b. 1927 - d. 2017) 21 Oct 1969 - 16 May 1974 Gerhard Jahn SPD (b. 1927 - d. 1998) 16 May 1974 - 21 Jan 1981 Hans-Jochen Vogel SPD (b. 1926 - d. 2020) 28 Jan 1981 - 1 Oct 1982 J�rgen Schmude SPD (b. 1936) 4 Oct 1982 - 18 Jan 1991 Hans A. Engelhard FDP (b. 1934 - d. 2008) 18 Jan 1991 - 18 May 1992 Klaus Kinkel Feb 1991: FDP (b. 1936 - d. 2019) 18 May 1992 - 17 Jan 1996 Sabine Leutheusser- Schnarrenberger (f) (1st time) FDP (b. 1951) 17 Jan 1996 - 27 Oct 1998 Edzard Schmidt-Jortzig FDP (b. 1941) 27 Oct 1998 - 22 Oct 2002 Herta D�ubler-Gmelin (f) SPD (b. 1943) 22 Oct 2002 - 28 Oct 2009 Brigitte Zypries (f) SPD (b. 1953) 28 Oct 2009 - 17 Dec 2013 Sabine Leutheusser- Schnarrenberger (f) (2nd time) FDP (s.a.) 17 Dec 2013 - 14 Mar 2018 Heiko Maas SPD (b. 1966) 14 Mar 2018 - 27 Jun 2019 Katarina Barley (f) SPD (b. 1968) 27 Jun 2019 - 8 Dec 2021 Christine Lambrecht (f) SPD (b. 1965) 8 Dec 2021 - 7 Nov 2024 Marco Buschmann FDP (b. 1977) 7 Nov 2024 - Volker Wissing n/p (b. 1970)

Attorneys General 7 Oct 1950 - 31 Mar 1956 Carlo Wiechmann (b. 1886 - d. 1959) 1 Apr 1956 - 26 Oct 1961 Max G�de (b. 1902 - d. 1984) 23 Mar 1962 - 24 Jul 1962 Wolfgang Fr�nkel (b. 1905 - d. 2010) 7 Apr 1963 - 30 Apr 1974 Ludwig Martin (b. 1909 - d. 2010) 31 May 1974 - 7 Apr 1977 Siegfried Buback (b. 1920 - d. 1977) 1 Jul 1977 - 31 May 1990 Kurt Rebmann (b. 1924 - d. 2005) 1 Jun 1990 - 6 Jul 1993 Alexander von Stahl (b. 1938) 7 Feb 1994 - 31 May 2006 Kay Nehm (b. 1941) 1 Jun 2006 - 30 Sep 2011 Monika Harms (f) (b. 1946) 1 Oct 2011 - 17 Nov 2011 Rainer Griesbaum (acting) (b. 1948) 17 Nov 2011 - 4 Aug 2015 Harald Range (b. 1948 - d. 2018) 4 Aug 2015 - 5 Oct 2015 Gerhard Altvater (acting) (b. 1952) 5 Oct 2015 - 21 Dec 2023 Peter Frank (b. 1968) 21 Dec 2023 - 4 Mar 2024 Lars Otte (acting) 4 Mar 2024 - Jens Rommel (b. 1972)

Economy and Climate Protection

20 Sep 1949 Ministry of Economy 27 Oct 1998 Ministry of Economy and Technology 22 Oct 2002 Ministry of Economy and Labour 22 Nov 2005 Ministry of Economy and Technology 17 Dec 2013 Ministry of Economy and Energy 8 Dec 2021 Ministry of Economy and Climate Protection

Ministers 20 Sep 1949 - 16 Oct 1963 Ludwig Erhard CDU (b. 1897 - d. 1977) 17 Oct 1963 - 1 Dec 1966 Kurt Schm�cker CDU (b. 1919 - d. 1996) 1 Dec 1966 - 7 Jul 1972 Karl Schiller SPD (b. 1911 - d. 1994) 7 Jul 1972 - 14 Dec 1972 Helmut Schmidt SPD (b. 1918 - d. 2015) 15 Dec 1972 - 7 Oct 1977 Hans Friderichs FDP (b. 1931) 7 Oct 1977 - 17 Sep 1982 Otto Graf Lambsdorff (1st time) FDP (b. 1926 - d. 2009) 17 Sep 1982 - 1 Oct 1982 Manfred Lahnstein SPD (b. 1937) 4 Oct 1982 - 27 Jun 1984 Otto Graf Lambsdorff (2nd time) FDP (s.a.) 27 Jun 1984 - 9 Dec 1988 Martin Bangemann FDP (b. 1934 - d. 2022) 9 Dec 1988 - 18 Jan 1991 Helmut Haussmann FDP (b. 1943) 18 Jan 1991 - 21 Jan 1993 J�rgen W. M�llemann FDP (b. 1945 - d. 2003) 21 Jan 1993 - 27 Oct 1998 G�nter Rexrodt FDP (b. 1941 - d. 2004) 27 Oct 1998 - 22 Oct 2002 Werner M�ller n/p (b. 1946 - d. 2019) 22 Oct 2002 - 22 Nov 2005 Wolfgang Clement SPD (b. 1940 - d. 2020) 22 Nov 2005 - 10 Feb 2009 Michael Glos CSU (b. 1944) 10 Feb 2009 - 28 Oct 2009 Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg CSU (b. 1971) 28 Oct 2009 - 12 May 2011 Rainer Br�derle FDP (b. 1945) 12 May 2011 - 17 Dec 2013 Philipp R�sler FDP (b. 1973) 17 Dec 2013 - 27 Jan 2017 Sigmar Gabriel SPD (b. 1959) 27 Jan 2017 - 14 Mar 2018 Brigitte Zypries (f) SPD (b. 1953) 14 Mar 2018 - 8 Dec 2021 Peter Altmaier CDU (b. 1958) 8 Dec 2021 - Robert Habeck Grn (b. 1969)

22 Oct 2002 divided between ministries of economy and health 22 Nov 2005 restored

Ministers 20 Sep 1949 - 29 Oct 1957 Anton Storch CDU (b. 1892 - d. 1975) 29 Oct 1957 - 26 Oct 1965 Theodor Blank CDU (b. 1905 - d. 1972) 26 Oct 1965 - 21 Oct 1969 Hans Katzer CDU (b. 1919 - d. 1996) 21 Oct 1969 - 15 Dec 1976 Walter Arendt SPD (b. 1925 - d. 2005) 15 Dec 1976 - 28 Apr 1982 Herbert Ehrenberg SPD (b. 1926 - d. 2018) 28 Apr 1982 - 1 Oct 1982 Heinz Westphal SPD (b. 1924 - d. 1998) 4 Oct 1982 - 27 Oct 1998 Norbert Bl�m CDU (b. 1935 - d. 2020) 27 Oct 1998 - 22 Oct 2002 Walter Riester SPD (b. 1943) 22 Nov 2005 - 21 Nov 2007 Franz M�ntefering SPD (b. 1940) 21 Nov 2007 - 28 Oct 2009 Olaf Scholz SPD (b. 1958) 28 Oct 2009 - 30 Nov 2009 Franz Josef Jung CDU (b. 1949) 30 Nov 2009 - 17 Dec 2013 Ursula von der Leyen (f) CDU (b. 1958) 17 Dec 2013 - 28 Sep 2017 Andrea Nahles (f) SPD (b. 1970) 28 Sep 2017 - 14 Mar 2018 Katarina Barley (f) (acting) SPD (b. 1968) 14 Mar 2018 - Hubertus Heil SPD (b. 1972)

Food and Agriculture

20 Sep 1949 Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Forestry 18 Jan 2001 Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food, and Agriculture 17 Dec 2013 Ministry of Food and Agriculture

Ministers 20 Sep 1949 - 20 Oct 1953 Wilhelm Niklas CSU (b. 1887 - d. 1957) 20 Oct 1953 - 13 Sep 1959 Heinrich L�bke CDU (b. 1894 - d. 1972) 14 Oct 1959 - 26 Oct 1965 Werner Schwarz CDU (b. 1900 - d. 1982) 26 Oct 1965 - 21 Oct 1969 Hermann H�cherl CSU (b. 1912 - d. 1989) 21 Oct 1969 - 17 Sep 1982 Josef Ertl (1st time) FDP (b. 1925 - d. 2000) 17 Sep 1982 - 1 Oct 1982 Bj�rn Engholm SPD (b. 1939) 4 Oct 1982 - 30 Mar 1983 Josef Ertl (2nd time) FDP (s.a.) 30 Mar 1983 - 21 Jan 1993 Ignaz Kiechle CSU (b. 1930 - d. 2003) 21 Jan 1993 - 27 Oct 1998 Jochen Borchert CDU (b. 1940) 27 Oct 1998 - 18 Jan 2001 Karl-Heinz Funke SPD (b. 1946) 18 Jan 2001 - 4 Oct 2005 Renate K�nast (f) Grn (b. 1955) 4 Oct 2005 - 22 Nov 2005 J�rgen Trittin (acting) Grn (b. 1954) 22 Nov 2005 - 27 Oct 2008 Horst Seehofer CSU (b. 1949) 31 Oct 2008 - 30 Sep 2013 Ilse Aigner (f) CSU (b. 1964) 30 Sep 2013 - 17 Feb 2014 Hans-Peter Friedrich CSU (b. 1957) (acting to 17 Dec 2013) 17 Feb 2014 - 14 Mar 2018 Christian Schmidt CSU (b. 1957) 14 Mar 2018 - 8 Dec 2021 Julia Kl�ckner (f) CDU (b. 1972) 8 Dec 2021 - Cem �zdemir Grn (b. 1965)

Digital Affairs and Transportation

20 Sep 1949 Ministry of Transportation 27 Oct 1998 Ministry of Transportation and Construction 22 Nov 2005 Ministry of Transportation, Construction, and Urban Development 17 Dec 2013 Ministry of Transportation and Digital Infrastructure 8 Dec 2021 Ministry of Digital Affairs and Transportation

Ministers 20 Sep 1949 - 1 Dec 1966 Hans-Christoph Seebohm DP; 1 Jul 1960: CDU (b. 1903 - d. 1967) 1 Dec 1966 - 7 Jul 1972 Georg Leber SPD (b. 1920 - d. 2012) 7 Jul 1972 - 16 May 1974 Lauritz Lauritzen SPD (b. 1910 - d. 1980) 16 May 1974 - 5 Nov 1980 Kurt Gscheidle SPD (b. 1924 - d. 2003) 5 Nov 1980 - 1 Oct 1982 Volker Hauff SPD (b. 1940) 4 Oct 1982 - 12 Mar 1987 Werner Dollinger CSU (b. 1918 - d. 2008) 12 Mar 1987 - 21 Apr 1989 J�rgen Warnke CSU (b. 1932 - d. 2013) 21 Apr 1989 - 18 Jan 1991 Friedrich Zimmermann CSU (b. 1925 - d. 2012) 18 Jan 1991 - 13 May 1993 G�nther Krause CDU (b. 1953) 13 May 1993 - 27 Oct 1998 Matthias Wissmann CDU (b. 1949) 27 Oct 1998 - 17 Sep 1999 Franz M�ntefering SPD (b. 1940) 17 Sep 1999 - 7 Oct 1999 J�rgen Trittin (acting) Grn (b. 1954) 7 Oct 1999 - 20 Nov 2000 Reinhard Klimmt SPD (b. 1942) 20 Nov 2000 - 22 Oct 2002 Kurt Bodewig SPD (b. 1955) 22 Oct 2002 - 22 Nov 2005 Manfred Stolpe SPD (b. 1936 - d. 2019) 22 Nov 2005 - 28 Oct 2009 Wolfgang Tiefensee SPD (b. 1955) 28 Oct 2009 - 17 Dec 2013 Peter Ramsauer CSU (b. 1954) 17 Dec 2013 - 24 Oct 2017 Alexander Dobrindt CSU (b. 1970) 24 Oct 2017 - 14 Mar 2018 Christian Schmidt (acting) CSU (b. 1957) 14 Mar 2018 - 8 Dec 2021 Andreas Scheuer CSU (b. 1974) 8 Dec 2021 - Volker Wissing FDP (to 7 Nov 2024) (b. 1970)

Housing, Urban Development, and Construction

20 Sep 1949 Ministry of Housing Construction 14 Nov 1961 Ministry of Housing, Urban Development, and Regional Planning 26 Oct 1965 Ministry of Housing and Urban Development 21 Oct 1969 Ministry of Urban Development and Housing 15 Dec 1972 Ministry of Regional Planning, Construction, and Urban Development 27 Oct 1998 united with Ministry of Transportation 8 Dec 2021 Ministry of Housing, Urban Development, and Construction

Ministers 20 Sep 1949 - 9 Mar 1952 Eberhard Wildermuth FDP (b. 1890 - d. 1952) 19 Jul 1952 - 20 Oct 1953 Fritz Neumayer FDP (b. 1884 - d. 1973) 20 Oct 1953 - 29 Oct 1957 Viktor-Emanuel Preusker FDP; 1956: FVP (b. 1913 - d. 1991) 29 Oct 1957 - 26 Oct 1965 Paul L�cke CDU (b. 1914 - d. 1976) 26 Oct 1965 - 28 Oct 1966 Ewald Bucher FDP (b. 1914 - d. 1991) 8 Nov 1966 - 1 Dec 1966 Bruno Heck CDU (b. 1917 - d. 1989) 1 Dec 1966 - 14 Dec 1972 Lauritz Lauritzen SPD (b. 1910 - d. 1980) 15 Dec 1972 - 16 May 1974 Hans-Jochen Vogel SPD (b. 1926 - d. 2020) 16 May 1974 - 16 Feb 1978 Karl Ravens SPD (b. 1927 - d. 2017) 16 Feb 1978 - 1 Oct 1982 Dieter Haack SPD (b. 1934) 4 Oct 1982 - 21 Apr 1989 Oscar Schneider CSU (b. 1927) 21 Apr 1989 - 18 Jan 1991 Gerda Hasselfeldt (f) CSU (b. 1950) 18 Jan 1991 - 17 Nov 1994 Irmgard Adam-Schwaetzer (from 27 Sep 1991, Irmgard Schwaetzer) (f) FDP (b. 1942) 17 Nov 1994 - 14 Jan 1998 Klaus T�pfer CDU (b. 1938 - d. 2024) 15 Jan 1998 - 27 Oct 1998 Eduard Oswald CSU (b. 1947) 8 Dec 2021 - Klara Geywitz (f) SPD (b. 1976)

Family, Senior Citizens, Women, and Youth

20 Oct 1953 Ministry of Family Affairs 29 Oct 1957 Ministry of Family and Youth Affairs 1963 Ministry of Family and Youth 21 Oct 1969 united with Ministry of Health 18 Jan 1991 Ministry of Family and Senior Citizens 17 Nov 1994 Ministry of Family, Senior Citizens, Women, and Youth

Ministers 20 Oct 1953 - 14 Dec 1962 Franz-Josef Wuermeling CDU (b. 1900 - d. 1986) 14 Dec 1962 - 2 Oct 1968 Bruno Heck CDU (b. 1917 - d. 1989) 16 Oct 1968 - 21 Oct 1969 Aenne Brauksiepe (f) CDU (b. 1912 - d. 1997) 18 Jan 1991 - 17 Nov 1994 Hannelore R�nsch (f) CDU (b. 1942) 17 Nov 1994 - 27 Oct 1998 Claudia Nolte (f) CDU (b. 1966) 27 Oct 1998 - 22 Oct 2002 Christine Bergmann (f) SPD (b. 1939) 22 Oct 2002 - 22 Nov 2005 Renate Schmidt (f) SPD (b. 1943) 22 Nov 2005 - 30 Nov 2009 Ursula von der Leyen (f) CDU (b. 1958) 30 Nov 2009 - 17 Dec 2013 Kristina K�hler (from 12 Feb 2010, Kristina Schr�der) (f) CDU (b. 1977) 17 Dec 2013 - 2 Jun 2017 Manuela Schwesig (f) SPD (b. 1974) 2 Jun 2017 - 14 Mar 2018 Katarina Barley (f) SPD (b. 1968) 14 Mar 2018 - 20 May 2021 Franziska Giffey (f) SPD (b. 1978) 20 May 2021 - 8 Dec 2021 Christine Lambrecht (f) SPD (b. 1965) 8 Dec 2021 - 25 Apr 2022 Anne Spiegel (f) Grn (b. 1980) 25 Apr 2022 - Lisa Paus (f) Grn (b. 1968)

Women and Youth

18 Jan 1991 Ministry of Women and Youth 17 Nov 1994 united with Ministry of Family and Senior Citizens

Minister 18 Jan 1991 - 17 Nov 1994 Angela Merkel (f) CDU (b. 1954)

Health

14 Nov 1961 Ministry of Health 21 Oct 1969 Ministry of Youth, Family, and Health 6 Jun 1986 Ministry of Youth, Family, Women, and Health 18 Jan 1991 Ministry of Health 22 Oct 2002 Ministry of Health and Social Affairs 22 Nov 2005 Ministry of Health

Ministers 14 Nov 1961 - 1 Dec 1966 Elisabeth Schwarzhaupt (f) CDU (b. 1901 - d. 1986) 1 Dec 1966 - 14 Dec 1972 K�te Strobel (f) SPD (b. 1907 - d. 1996) 15 Dec 1972 - 15 Dec 1976 Katharina Focke (f) SPD (b. 1922 - d. 2016) 15 Dec 1976 - 28 Apr 1982 Antje Huber (f) SPD (b. 1924 - d. 2015) 28 Apr 1982 - 1 Oct 1982 Anke Fuchs (f) SPD (b. 1937 - d. 2019) 4 Oct 1982 - 26 Sep 1985 Heiner Geissler CDU (b. 1930 - d. 2017) 26 Sep 1985 - 25 Nov 1988 Rita S�ssmuth (f) CDU (b. 1937) 9 Dec 1988 - 18 Jan 1991 Ursula Lehr (f) CDU (b. 1930 - d. 2022) 18 Jan 1991 - 6 May 1992 Gerda Hasselfeldt (f) CSU (b. 1950) 6 May 1992 - 27 Oct 1998 Horst Seehofer CSU (b. 1949) 27 Oct 1998 - 18 Jan 2001 Andrea Fischer (f) Grn (b. 1960) 18 Jan 2001 - 28 Oct 2009 Ulla Schmidt (f) SPD (b. 1949) 28 Oct 2009 - 12 May 2011 Philipp R�sler FDP (b. 1973) 12 May 2011 - 17 Dec 2013 Daniel Bahr FDP (b. 1976) 17 Dec 2013 - 14 Mar 2018 Hermann Gr�he CDU (b. 1961) 14 Mar 2018 - 8 Dec 2021 Jens Spahn CDU (b. 1980) 8 Dec 2021 - Karl Lauterbach SPD (b. 1963)

Education and Research

14 Dec 1962 Ministry of Scientific Research 21 Oct 1969 ministry abolished 15 Dec 1972 Ministry of Research and Technology 17 Nov 1994 Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Technology 27 Oct 1998 Ministry of Education and Research

Ministers 14 Dec 1962 - 26 Oct 1965 Hans Lenz FDP (b. 1907 - d. 1968) 26 Oct 1965 - 21 Oct 1969 Gerhard Stoltenberg CDU (b. 1928 - d. 2001) 15 Dec 1972 - 16 May 1974 Horst Ehmke SPD (b. 1927 - d. 2017) 16 May 1974 - 16 Feb 1978 Hans Matth�fer SPD (b. 1925 - d. 2009) 16 Feb 1978 - 5 Nov 1980 Volker Hauff SPD (b. 1940) 5 Nov 1980 - 1 Oct 1982 Andreas von B�low SPD (b. 1937) 4 Oct 1982 - 21 Jan 1993 Heinz Riesenhuber CDU (b. 1935) 21 Jan 1993 - 13 May 1993 Matthias Wissmann CDU (b. 1949) 13 May 1993 - 17 Nov 1994 Paul Kr�ger CDU (b. 1950) 17 Nov 1994 - 27 Oct 1998 J�rgen R�ttgers CDU (b. 1951) 27 Oct 1998 - 22 Nov 2005 Edelgard Bulmahn (f) SPD (b. 1951) 22 Nov 2005 - 14 Feb 2013 Annette Schavan (f) CDU (b. 1955) 14 Feb 2013 - 14 Mar 2018 Johanna Wanka (f) CDU (b. 1951) 14 Mar 2018 - 8 Dec 2021 Anja Karliczek (f) CDU (b. 1971) 8 Dec 2021 - 7 Nov 2024 Bettina Stark-Watzinger (f) FDP (b. 1968) 7 Nov 2024 - 8 Nov 2024 Lisa Paus (f) (acting) Grn (b. 1968) 8 Nov 2024 - Cem �zdemir Grn (b. 1965)

Education and Science

21 Oct 1969 Ministry of Education and Science 17 Nov 1994 united with Ministry of Research and Technology

Ministers 21 Oct 1969 - 15 Mar 1972 Hans Leussink n/p (b. 1912 - d. 2008) 15 Mar 1972 - 16 May 1974 Klaus von Dohnanyi SPD (b. 1928) 16 May 1974 - 16 Feb 1978 Helmut Rohde SPD (b. 1925 - d. 2016) 16 Feb 1978 - 28 Jan 1981 J�rgen Schmude SPD (b. 1936) 28 Jan 1981 - 1 Oct 1982 Bj�rn Engholm SPD (b. 1939) 4 Oct 1982 - 12 Mar 1987 Dorothee Wilms (f) CDU (b. 1929) 12 Mar 1987 - 18 Jan 1991 J�rgen W. M�llemann FDP (b. 1945 - d. 2003) 18 Jan 1991 - 4 Feb 1994 Rainer Ortleb FDP (b. 1944) 4 Feb 1994 - 17 Nov 1994 Karl-Hans Laermann FDP (b. 1929 - d. 2024)

Economic Cooperation and Development

20 Oct 1953 Ministry of Economic Cooperation 29 Oct 1957 - 14 Nov 1961 ministry abolished 22 Jan 1993 Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development

Ministers 20 Oct 1953 - 29 Oct 1957 Franz Bl�cher FDP; 1956: FVP (b. 1896 - d. 1959) 14 Nov 1961 - 19 Nov 1962 Walter Scheel (1st time) FDP (b. 1919 - d. 2016) 14 Dec 1962 - 28 Oct 1966 Walter Scheel (2nd time) FDP (s.a.) 8 Nov 1966 - 1 Dec 1966 Werner Dollinger CSU (b. 1918 - d. 2008) 1 Dec 1966 - 2 Oct 1968 Hans-J�rgen Wischnewski SPD (b. 1922 - d. 2005) 16 Oct 1968 - 4 Jul 1974 Erhard Eppler SPD (b. 1926 - d. 2019) 4 Jul 1974 - 15 Dec 1976 Egon Bahr SPD (b. 1922 - d. 2015) 15 Dec 1976 - 16 Feb 1978 Marie Schlei (f) SPD (b. 1919 - d. 1983) 16 Feb 1978 - 1 Oct 1982 Rainer Offergeld SPD (b. 1937) 4 Oct 1982 - 12 Mar 1987 J�rgen Warnke (1st time) CSU (b. 1932 - d. 2013) 12 Mar 1987 - 21 Apr 1989 Hans Klein CSU (b. 1931 - d. 1996) 21 Apr 1989 - 18 Jan 1991 J�rgen Warnke (2nd time) CSU (s.a.) 18 Jan 1991 - 27 Oct 1998 Carl-Dieter Spranger CSU (b. 1939) 27 Oct 1998 - 28 Oct 2009 Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul (f) SPD (b. 1942) 28 Oct 2009 - 17 Dec 2013 Dirk Niebel FDP (b. 1963) 17 Dec 2013 - 8 Dec 2021 Gerd M�ller CSU (b. 1955) 8 Dec 2021 - Svenja Schulze (f) SPD (b. 1968)

Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety, and Consumer Protection

6 Jun 1986 Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation, and Reactor Safety 17 Dec 2013 Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation, Construction, and Reactor Safety 14 Mar 2018 Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety 8 Dec 2021 Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety, and Consumer Protection

Ministers 6 Jun 1986 - 22 Apr 1987 Walter Wallmann CDU (b. 1932 - d. 2013) 7 May 1987 - 17 Nov 1994 Klaus T�pfer CDU (b. 1938 - d. 2024) 17 Nov 1994 - 27 Oct 1998 Angela Merkel (f) CDU (b. 1954) 27 Oct 1998 - 22 Nov 2005 J�rgen Trittin Grn (b. 1954) 22 Nov 2005 - 28 Oct 2009 Sigmar Gabriel SPD (b. 1959) 28 Oct 2009 - 22 May 2012 Norbert R�ttgen CDU (b. 1965) 22 May 2012 - 17 Dec 2013 Peter Altmaier CDU (b. 1958) 17 Dec 2013 - 14 Mar 2018 Barbara Hendricks (f) SPD (b. 1952) 14 Mar 2018 - 8 Dec 2021 Svenja Schulze (f) SPD (b. 1968) 8 Dec 2021 - Steffi Lemke (f) Grn (b. 1968)

Special Tasks

Ministers 20 Oct 1953 - 19 Oct 1955 Franz Josef Strauss CSU (b. 1915 - d. 1988) 20 Oct 1953 - 12 Nov 1955 Robert Tillmanns CDU (b. 1896 - d. 1955) 20 Oct 1953 - 16 Oct 1956 Waldemar Kraft GB/BHE; 11 Jul 1955: n/p; 1956: CDU (b. 1898 - d. 1977) 20 Oct 1953 - 16 Oct 1956 Hermann Sch�fer FDP; 1956: FVP (b. 1892 - d. 1966) 14 Nov 1961 - 16 Jun 1964 Heinrich Krone CDU (b. 1895 - d. 1989) 16 Jun 1964 - 26 Oct 1965 Ludger Westrick CDU (b. 1894 - d. 1990) 21 Oct 1969 - 14 Dec 1972 Horst Ehmke SPD (b. 1927 - d. 2017) 15 Dec 1972 - 16 May 1974 Egon Bahr SPD (b. 1922 - d. 2015) 15 Dec 1972 - 16 May 1974 Werner Maihofer FDP (b. 1918 - d. 2009) 15 Nov 1984 - 21 Apr 1989 Wolfgang Sch�uble CDU (b. 1942 - d. 2023) 21 Apr 1989 - 18 Jan 1991 Hans Klein CSU (b. 1931 - d. 1996) 21 Apr 1989 - 26 Nov 1991 Rudolf Seiters CDU (b. 1937) 3 Oct 1990 - 19 Dec 1990 Lothar de Maizi�re CDU (b. 1940) 3 Oct 1990 - 18 Jan 1991 Sabine Bergmann-Pohl (f) CDU (b. 1946) 3 Oct 1990 - 18 Jan 1991 G�nther Krause CDU (b. 1953) 3 Oct 1990 - 18 Jan 1991 Rainer Ortleb FDP (b. 1944) 3 Oct 1990 - 18 Jan 1991 Hansjoachim Walther DSU (b. 1939 - d. 2005) 26 Nov 1991 - 27 Oct 1998 Friedrich Bohl CDU (b. 1945) 27 Oct 1998 - 31 Jul 1999 Bodo Hombach SPD (b. 1952) 22 Nov 2005 - 28 Oct 2009 Thomas de Maizi�re CDU (b. 1954) 28 Oct 2009 - 17 Dec 2013 Ronald Pofalla CDU (b. 1959) 17 Dec 2013 - 14 Mar 2018 Peter Altmaier CDU (b. 1958) 14 Mar 2018 - 8 Dec 2021 Helge Braun CDU (b. 1972) 8 Dec 2021 - Wolfgang Schmidt SPD (b. 1970)

Post and Communications

20 Sep 1949 Ministry of Post and Communications 31 Dec 1997 ministry abolished

Ministers 20 Sep 1949 - 9 Dec 1953 Hans Schuberth CSU (b. 1897 - d. 1976) 9 Dec 1953 - 15 Nov 1956 Siegfried Balke n/p; later CSU (b. 1902 - d. 1984) 15 Nov 1956 - 29 Oct 1957 Ernst Lemmer CDU (b. 1898 - d. 1970) 29 Oct 1957 - 1 Dec 1966 Richard St�cklen CSU (b. 1916 - d. 2002) 1 Dec 1966 - 21 Oct 1969 Werner Dollinger CSU (b. 1918 - d. 2008) 21 Oct 1969 - 7 Jul 1972 Georg Leber SPD (b. 1920 - d. 2012) 7 Jul 1972 - 14 Dec 1972 Lauritz Lauritzen SPD (b. 1910 - d. 1980) 15 Dec 1972 - 16 May 1974 Horst Ehmke SPD (b. 1927 - d. 2017) 16 May 1974 - 28 Apr 1982 Kurt Gscheidle SPD (b. 1924 - d. 2003) 28 Apr 1982 - 1 Oct 1982 Hans Matth�fer SPD (b. 1925 - d. 2009) 4 Oct 1982 - 17 Dec 1992 Christian Schwarz-Schilling CDU (b. 1930) 21 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1997 Wolfgang B�tsch CSU (b. 1938 - d. 2017)

Displaced Persons, Refugees, and War Victims

20 Sep 1949 Ministry of Displaced Persons, Refugees, and War Victims 21 Oct 1969 ministry abolished

Ministers 20 Sep 1949 - 20 Oct 1953 Hans Lukaschek CDU (b. 1885 - d. 1960) 20 Oct 1953 - 5 Apr 1960 Theodor Oberl�nder GB/BHE; 11 Jul 1955: n/p; 1956: CDU (b. 1905 - d. 1998) 27 Oct 1960 - 14 Nov 1961 Hans-Joachim von Merkatz CDU (b. 1905 - d. 1982) 14 Nov 1961 - 19 Nov 1962 Wolfgang Mischnick (1st time) FDP (b. 1921 - d. 2002) 14 Dec 1962 - 15 Oct 1963 Wolfgang Mischnick (2nd time) FDP (s.a.) 17 Oct 1963 - 7 Feb 1964 Hans Kr�ger CDU (b. 1902 - d. 1971) 19 Feb 1964 - 26 Oct 1965 Ernst Lemmer CDU (b. 1898 - d. 1970) 26 Oct 1965 - 1 Dec 1966 Johann Baptist Gradl CDU (b. 1904 - d. 1988) 1 Dec 1966 - 5 Feb 1969 Kai-Uwe von Hassel CDU (b. 1913 - d. 1997) 7 Feb 1969 - 21 Oct 1969 Heinrich Windelen CDU (b. 1921 - d. 2015)

Inner-German Relations

20 Sep 1949 Ministry of All-German Affairs 21 Oct 1969 Ministry of Inner-German Relations 18 Jan 1991 ministry abolished

Ministers 20 Sep 1949 - 29 Oct 1957 Jakob Kaiser CDU (b. 1888 - d. 1961) 29 Oct 1957 - 14 Dec 1962 Ernst Lemmer CDU (b. 1898 - d. 1970) 14 Dec 1962 - 15 Oct 1963 Rainer Barzel (1st time) CDU (b. 1924 - d. 2006) 17 Oct 1963 - 28 Oct 1966 Erich Mende FDP (b. 1916 - d. 1998) 28 Oct 1966 - 1 Dec 1966 Johann Baptist Gradl CDU (b. 1904 - d. 1988) 1 Dec 1966 - 21 Oct 1969 Herbert Wehner SPD (b. 1906 - d. 1990) 21 Oct 1969 - 1 Oct 1982 Egon Franke SPD (b. 1913 - d. 1995) 4 Oct 1982 - 30 Mar 1983 Rainer Barzel (2nd time) CDU (s.a.) 30 Mar 1983 - 12 Mar 1987 Heinrich Windelen CDU (b. 1921 - d. 2015) 12 Mar 1987 - 18 Jan 1991 Dorothee Wilms (f) CDU (b. 1929)

Bundesrat and State Affairs

20 Sep 1949 Ministry of Bundesrat Affairs 1957 Ministry of Bundesrat and State Affairs 21 Oct 1969 ministry abolished

Ministers 20 Sep 1949 - 7 Jun 1955 Heinrich Hellwege DP (b. 1908 - d. 1991) 8 Jun 1955 - 14 Dec 1962 Hans-Joachim von Merkatz DP; 1 Jul 1960: CDU (b. 1905 - d. 1982) 14 Dec 1962 - 1 Dec 1966 Alois Niederalt CSU (b. 1911 - d. 2004) 1 Dec 1966 - 21 Oct 1969 Carlo Schmid SPD (b. 1896 - d. 1979)

Marshall Plan Affairs

20 Sep 1949 Ministry of Marshall Plan Affairs 20 Oct 1953 ministry abolished

Minister 20 Sep 1949 - 20 Oct 1953 Franz Bl�cher FDP (b. 1896 - d. 1959)

Nuclear Energy and Water

21 Oct 1955 Ministry of Atomic Affairs 1957 Ministry of Nuclear Energy and Water 14 Dec 1962 ministry abolished

Ministers 21 Oct 1955 - 16 Oct 1956 Franz Josef Strauss CSU (b. 1915 - d. 1988) 16 Oct 1956 - 14 Dec 1962 Siegfried Balke CSU (b. 1902 - d. 1984)

Federal Treasure

29 Oct 1957 Ministry of Federal Economic Possessions 14 Nov 1961 Ministry of Federal Treasure 21 Oct 1969 ministry abolished

Ministers 29 Oct 1957 - 27 Feb 1960 Hermann Lindrath CDU (b. 1896 - d. 1960) 4 May 1960 - 14 Nov 1961 Hans Wilhelmi CDU (b. 1899 - d. 1970) 14 Nov 1961 - 19 Nov 1962 Hans Lenz FDP (b. 1907 - d. 1968) 14 Dec 1962 - 1 Dec 1966 Werner Dollinger CSU (b. 1918 - d. 2008) 1 Dec 1966 - 21 Oct 1969 Kurt Schm�cker CDU (b. 1919 - d. 1996)

Independent agencies

Deutsche Bundesbank

1 Mar 1948 Bank Deutscher L�nder 1 Aug 1957 Deutsche Bundesbank

Presidents 20 May 1948 - 31 Dec 1957 Karl Bernard (b. 1890 - d. 1972) (Pr�sident des Zentralbankrats) + Wilhelm Vocke (b. 1886 - d. 1973) (Pr�sident des Direktoriums) 1 Jan 1958 - 31 Dec 1969 Karl Blessing (b. 1900 - d. 1971) 1 Jan 1970 - 31 May 1977 Karl Klasen (b. 1909 - d. 1991) 1 Jun 1977 - 31 Dec 1979 Otmar Emminger (b. 1911 - d. 1986) 1 Jan 1980 - 31 Jul 1991 Karl Otto P�hl (b. 1929 - d. 2014) 1 Aug 1991 - 30 Sep 1993 Helmut Schlesinger (b. 1924) 1 Oct 1993 - 31 Aug 1999 Hans Tietmeyer (b. 1931 - d. 2016) 1 Sep 1999 - 16 Apr 2004 Ernst Welteke (b. 1942) 16 Apr 2004 - 30 Apr 2004 J�rgen Stark (acting) (b. 1948) 30 Apr 2004 - 30 Apr 2011 Axel Weber (b. 1957) 1 May 2011 - 31 Dec 2021 Jens Weidmann (b. 1968) 1 Jan 2022 - Joachim Nagel (b. 1966)

Bundesnachrichtendienst

Presidents 1 Apr 1956 - 30 Apr 1968 Reinhard Gehlen (b. 1902 - d. 1979) 1 May 1968 - 31 Dec 1978 Gerhard Wessel (b. 1913 - d. 2002) 1 Jan 1979 - 26 Dec 1982 Klaus Kinkel (b. 1936 - d. 2019) 27 Dec 1982 - 31 Jul 1985 Eberhard Blum (b. 1919 - d. 2003) 1 Aug 1985 - 27 Aug 1985 Heribert Hellenbroich (b. 1937 - d. 2014) 4 Sep 1985 - 2 Oct 1990 Hans-Georg Wieck (b. 1928) 3 Oct 1990 - 31 Mar 1996 Konrad Porzner (b. 1935 - d. 2021) 1 Apr 1996 - 4 Jun 1996 Gerhard G�llich (acting) (b. 1937) 4 Jun 1996 - 17 Dec 1998 Hansj�rg Geiger (b. 1942) 17 Dec 1998 - 1 Dec 2005 August Hanning (b. 1946) 1 Dec 2005 - 7 Dec 2011 Ernst Uhrlau (b. 1946) 7 Dec 2011 - 1 Jul 2016 Gerhard Schindler (b. 1952) 1 Jul 2016 - Bruno Kahl (b. 1962)

Constitutional Court

Presidents 7 Sep 1951 - 15 Jan 1954 Hermann H�pker-Aschoff FDP (b. 1883 - d. 1954) 23 Mar 1954 - 19 Oct 1958 Josef Wintrich CSU (b. 1891 - d. 1958) 8 Jan 1959 - 8 Dec 1971 Gebhard M�ller CDU (b. 1900 - d. 1990) 8 Dec 1971 - 20 Dec 1983 Ernst Benda CDU (b. 1925 - d. 2009) 20 Dec 1983 - 16 Nov 1987 Wolfgang Zeidler SPD (b. 1924 - d. 1987) 16 Nov 1987 - 30 Jun 1994 Roman Herzog CDU (b. 1934 - d. 2017) 14 Sep 1994 - 10 Apr 2002 Jutta Limbach (f) SPD (b. 1934 - d. 2016) 10 Apr 2002 - 16 Mar 2010 Hans-J�rgen Papier CSU (b. 1943) 16 Mar 2010 - 22 Jun 2020 Andreas Vosskuhle n/p (b. 1963) 22 Jun 2020 - Stephan Harbarth CDU (b. 1971)

Parliament

Bundestag

Presidents 7 Sep 1949 - 18 Oct 1950 Erich K�hler CDU (b. 1892 - d. 1958) 19 Oct 1950 - 20 Oct 1954 Hermann Ehlers CDU (b. 1904 - d. 1954) 16 Nov 1954 - 31 Jan 1969 Eugen Gerstenmaier CDU (b. 1906 - d. 1986) 5 Feb 1969 - 13 Dec 1972 Kai-Uwe von Hassel CDU (b. 1913 - d. 1997) 13 Dec 1972 - 14 Dec 1976 Annemarie Renger (f) SPD (b. 1919 - d. 2008) 14 Dec 1976 - 31 May 1979 Karl Carstens CDU (b. 1914 - d. 1992) 31 May 1979 - 29 Mar 1983 Richard St�cklen CSU (b. 1916 - d. 2002) 29 Mar 1983 - 25 Oct 1984 Rainer Barzel CDU (b. 1924 - d. 2006) 5 Nov 1984 - 11 Nov 1988 Philipp Jenninger CDU (b. 1932 - d. 2018) 25 Nov 1988 - 26 Oct 1998 Rita S�ssmuth (f) CDU (b. 1937) 26 Oct 1998 - 18 Oct 2005 Wolfgang Thierse SPD (b. 1943) 18 Oct 2005 - 24 Oct 2017 Norbert Lammert CDU (b. 1948) 24 Oct 2017 - 26 Oct 2021 Wolfgang Sch�uble CDU (b. 1942 - d. 2023) 26 Oct 2021 - B�rbel Bas (f) SPD (b. 1968)

Bundesrat

Presidents 7 Sep 1949 - 6 Sep 1950 Karl Arnold CDU (b. 1901 - d. 1958) 8 Sep 1950 - 7 Sep 1951 Hans Ehard (1st time) CSU (b. 1887 - d. 1980) 7 Sep 1951 - 6 Sep 1952 Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf SPD (b. 1893 - d. 1961) 7 Sep 1952 - 6 Sep 1953 Reinhold Maier FDP/DVP (b. 1889 - d. 1971) 7 Sep 1953 - 6 Sep 1954 Georg August Zinn (1st time) SPD (b. 1901 - d. 1976) 7 Sep 1954 - 6 Sep 1955 Peter Altmeier (1st time) CDU (b. 1899 - d. 1977) 7 Sep 1955 - 6 Sep 1956 Kai-Uwe von Hassel CDU (b. 1913 - d. 1997) 7 Sep 1956 - 31 Oct 1957 Kurt Sieveking CDU (b. 1897 - d. 1986) 1 Nov 1957 - 31 Oct 1958 Willy Brandt SPD (b. 1913 - d. 1992) 1 Nov 1958 - 31 Oct 1959 Wilhelm Kaisen SPD (b. 1887 - d. 1979) 1 Nov 1959 - 31 Oct 1960 Franz Josef R�der (1st time) CDU (b. 1909 - d. 1979) 1 Nov 1960 - 31 Oct 1961 Franz Meyers CDU (b. 1908 - d. 2002) 1 Nov 1961 - 31 Oct 1962 Hans Ehard (2nd time) CSU (s.a.) 1 Nov 1962 - 31 Oct 1963 Kurt Georg Kiesinger CDU (b. 1904 - d. 1988) 1 Nov 1963 - 31 Oct 1964 Georg Diederichs SPD (b. 1900 - d. 1983) 1 Nov 1964 - 31 Oct 1965 Georg August Zinn (2nd time) SPD (s.a.) 1 Nov 1965 - 31 Oct 1966 Peter Altmeier (2nd time) CDU (s.a.) 1 Nov 1966 - 31 Oct 1967 Helmut Lemke CDU (b. 1907 - d. 1990) 1 Nov 1967 - 31 Oct 1968 Klaus Sch�tz SPD (b. 1926 - d. 2012) 1 Nov 1968 - 31 Oct 1969 Herbert Weichmann SPD (b. 1896 - d. 1983) 1 Nov 1969 - 31 Oct 1970 Franz Josef R�der (2nd time) CDU (s.a.) 1 Nov 1970 - 31 Oct 1971 Hans Koschnick (1st time) SPD (b. 1929 - d. 2016) 1 Nov 1971 - 31 Oct 1972 Heinz K�hn SPD (b. 1912 - d. 1992) 1 Nov 1972 - 31 Oct 1973 Alfons Goppel CSU (b. 1905 - d. 1991) 1 Nov 1973 - 31 Oct 1974 Hans Filbinger CDU (b. 1913 - d. 2007) 1 Nov 1974 - 31 Oct 1975 Alfred Kubel SPD (b. 1909 - d. 1999) 1 Nov 1975 - 20 Oct 1976 Albert Osswald SPD (b. 1919 - d. 1996) 3 Dec 1976 - 31 Oct 1977 Bernhard Vogel (1st time) CDU (b. 1932) 1 Nov 1977 - 31 Oct 1978 Gerhard Stoltenberg CDU (b. 1928 - d. 2001) 1 Nov 1978 - 31 Oct 1979 Dietrich Stobbe SPD (b. 1938 - d. 2011) 1 Nov 1979 - 31 Oct 1980 Hans-Ulrich Klose SPD (b. 1937 - d. 2023) 1 Nov 1980 - 31 Oct 1981 Werner Zeyer CDU (b. 1929 - d. 2000) 1 Nov 1981 - 31 Oct 1982 Hans Koschnick (2nd time) SPD (s.a.) 1 Nov 1982 - 31 Oct 1983 Johannes Rau (1st time) SPD (b. 1931 - d. 2006) 1 Nov 1983 - 31 Oct 1984 Franz Josef Strauss CSU (b. 1915 - d. 1988) 1 Nov 1984 - 31 Oct 1985 Lothar Sp�th CDU (b. 1937 - d. 2016) 1 Nov 1985 - 31 Oct 1986 Ernst Albrecht CDU (b. 1930 - d. 2014) 1 Nov 1986 - 24 Apr 1987 Holger B�rner SPD (b. 1931 - d. 2006) 15 May 1987 - 31 Oct 1987 Walter Wallmann CDU (b. 1932 - d. 2013) 1 Nov 1987 - 31 Oct 1988 Bernhard Vogel (2nd time) CDU (s.a.) 1 Nov 1988 - 31 Oct 1989 Bj�rn Engholm SPD (b. 1939) 1 Nov 1989 - 31 Oct 1990 Walter Momper SPD (b. 1945) 1 Nov 1990 - 31 Oct 1991 Henning Voscherau SPD (b. 1941 - d. 2016) 1 Nov 1991 - 19 Mar 1992 Alfred Gomolka CDU (b. 1942 - d. 2020) 15 May 1992 - 31 Oct 1992 Berndt Seite CDU (b. 1940) 1 Nov 1992 - 31 Oct 1993 Oskar Lafontaine SPD (b. 1943) 1 Nov 1993 - 31 Oct 1994 Klaus Wedemeier SPD (b. 1944) 1 Nov 1994 - 31 Oct 1995 Johannes Rau (2nd time) SPD (s.a.) 1 Nov 1995 - 31 Oct 1996 Edmund Stoiber CSU (b. 1941) 1 Nov 1996 - 31 Oct 1997 Erwin Teufel CDU (b. 1939) 1 Nov 1997 - 27 Oct 1998 Gerhard Schr�der SPD (b. 1944) 1 Nov 1998 - 7 Apr 1999 Hans Eichel SPD (b. 1941) 30 Apr 1999 - 31 Oct 1999 Roland Koch CDU (b. 1958) 1 Nov 1999 - 31 Oct 2000 Kurt Biedenkopf CDU (b. 1930 - d. 2021) 1 Nov 2000 - 31 Oct 2001 Kurt Beck SPD (b. 1949) 1 Nov 2001 - 31 Oct 2002 Klaus Wowereit SPD (b. 1953) 1 Nov 2002 - 31 Oct 2003 Wolfgang B�hmer CDU (b. 1936) 1 Nov 2003 - 31 Oct 2004 Dieter Althaus CDU (b. 1958) 1 Nov 2004 - 31 Oct 2005 Matthias Platzeck SPD (b. 1953) 1 Nov 2005 - 31 Oct 2006 Peter Harry Carstensen CDU (b. 1947) 1 Nov 2006 - 31 Oct 2007 Harald Ringstorff SPD (b. 1939) 1 Nov 2007 - 31 Oct 2008 Ole von Beust CDU (b. 1955) 1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009 Peter M�ller CDU (b. 1955) 1 Nov 2009 - 31 Oct 2010 Jens B�hrnsen SPD (b. 1949) 1 Nov 2010 - 31 Oct 2011 Hannelore Kraft (f) SPD (b. 1961) 1 Nov 2011 - 31 Oct 2012 Horst Seehofer CSU (b. 1949) 1 Nov 2012 - 31 Oct 2013 Winfried Kretschmann Grn (b. 1948) 1 Nov 2013 - 31 Oct 2014 Stephan Weil SPD (b. 1958) 1 Nov 2014 - 31 Oct 2015 Volker Bouffier CDU (b. 1951) 1 Nov 2015 - 31 Oct 2016 Stanislaw Tillich CDU (b. 1959) 1 Nov 2016 - 31 Oct 2017 Malu Dreyer (f) SPD (b. 1961) 1 Nov 2017 - 31 Oct 2018 Michael M�ller SPD (b. 1964) 1 Nov 2018 - 31 Oct 2019 Daniel G�nther CDU (b. 1973) 1 Nov 2019 - 31 Oct 2020 Dietmar Woidke SPD (b. 1961) 1 Nov 2020 - 31 Oct 2021 Reiner Haseloff CDU (b. 1954) 1 Nov 2021 - 31 Oct 2022 Bodo Ramelow Lft (b. 1956) 1 Nov 2022 - 31 Oct 2023 Peter Tschentscher SPD (b. 1966) 1 Nov 2023 - 31 Oct 2024 Manuela Schwesig (f) SPD (b. 1974) 1 Nov 2024 - Anke Rehlinger (f) SPD (b. 1976)

Political parties

Christian Democratic Union

Chairmen 21 Oct 1950 - 23 Mar 1966 Konrad Adenauer (b. 1876 - d. 1967) 23 Mar 1966 - 23 May 1967 Ludwig Erhard (b. 1897 - d. 1977) 23 May 1967 - 4 Oct 1971 Kurt Georg Kiesinger (b. 1904 - d. 1988) 4 Oct 1971 - 12 Jun 1973 Rainer Barzel (b. 1924 - d. 2006) 12 Jun 1973 - 7 Nov 1998 Helmut Kohl (b. 1930 - d. 2017) 7 Nov 1998 - 10 Apr 2000 Wolfgang Sch�uble (b. 1942 - d. 2023) 10 Apr 2000 - 7 Dec 2018 Angela Merkel (f) (b. 1954) 7 Dec 2018 - 22 Jan 2021 Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer (f) (b. 1962) 22 Jan 2021 - 31 Jan 2022 Armin Laschet (b. 1961) 31 Jan 2022 - Friedrich Merz (b. 1955)

General secretaries 23 May 1967 - 4 Oct 1971 Bruno Heck (b. 1917 - d. 1989) 4 Oct 1971 - 12 Jun 1973 Konrad Kraske (b. 1926 - d. 2016) 12 Jun 1973 - 7 Mar 1977 Kurt Biedenkopf (b. 1930 - d. 2021) 7 Mar 1977 - 11 Sep 1989 Heiner Geissler (b. 1930 - d. 2017) 11 Sep 1989 - 27 Apr 1992 Volker R�he (b. 1942) 27 Apr 1992 - 7 Nov 1998 Peter Hintze (b. 1950 - d. 2016) 7 Nov 1998 - 10 Apr 2000 Angela Merkel (f) (s.a.) 10 Apr 2000 - 20 Nov 2000 Ruprecht Polenz (b. 1946) 20 Nov 2000 - 24 Jan 2005 Laurenz Meyer (b. 1948) 24 Jan 2005 - 5 Dec 2005 Volker Kauder (b. 1949) 5 Dec 2005 - 28 Oct 2009 Ronald Pofalla (b. 1959) 28 Oct 2009 - 16 Dec 2013 Hermann Gr�he (b. 1961) (acting to 22 Mar 2010) 16 Dec 2013 - 26 Feb 2018 Peter Tauber (b. 1974) (acting to 5 Apr 2014) 26 Feb 2018 - 8 Dec 2018 Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer (f) (s.a.) 8 Dec 2018 - 31 Jan 2022 Paul Ziemiak (b. 1985) 31 Jan 2022 - 12 Jul 2023 Mario Czaja (b. 1975) 12 Jul 2023 - Carsten Linnemann (b. 1977) (acting to 6 May 2024)

Chairmen 8 Jan 1946 - 28 May 1949 Josef M�ller (b. 1898 - d. 1979) 28 May 1949 - 22 Jan 1955 Hans Ehard (b. 1887 - d. 1980) 22 Jan 1955 - 18 Mar 1961 Hanns Seidel (b. 1901 - d. 1961) 18 Mar 1961 - 3 Oct 1988 Franz Josef Strauss (b. 1915 - d. 1988) 19 Nov 1988 - 16 Jan 1999 Theo Waigel (b. 1939) 16 Jan 1999 - 29 Sep 2007 Edmund Stoiber (b. 1941) 29 Sep 2007 - 25 Oct 2008 Erwin Huber (b. 1946) 25 Oct 2008 - 19 Jan 2019 Horst Seehofer (b. 1949) 19 Jan 2019 - Markus S�der (b. 1967)

General secretaries Jan 1949 - 29 Dec 1952 Franz Josef Strauss (s.a.) 29 Dec 1952 - 25 Oct 1954 Josef Brunner (b. 1909 - d. 1982) 25 Oct 1954 - Jan 1955 Heinz Lechmann (acting) (b. 1920 - d. 2007) Jan 1955 - 1 Oct 1963 Friedrich Zimmermann (b. 1925 - d. 2012) (Hauptgesch�ftsf�hrer to 21 Dec 1956) 1 Oct 1963 - 1 Apr 1967 Anton Jaumann (b. 1927 - d. 1994) 1 Apr 1967 - 14 May 1971 Max Streibl (b. 1932 - d. 1998) 14 May 1971 - 20 Nov 1978 Gerold Tandler (1st time) (b. 1936) 20 Nov 1978 - 1 Apr 1983 Edmund Stoiber (s.a.) 1 Apr 1983 - 22 Oct 1984 Otto Wiesheu (b. 1944) (suspended from 8 Nov 1983) 22 Oct 1984 - 12 Sep 1988 Gerold Tandler (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting [for Wiesheu from 8 Nov 1983] to 28 Jan 1985) 12 Sep 1988 - 1 Jan 1995 Erwin Huber (s.a.) 1 Jan 1995 - 25 Jan 1999 Bernd Protzner (b. 1952 - d. 2018) 25 Jan 1999 - 15 Oct 2003 Thomas Goppel (b. 1947) 15 Oct 2003 - 22 Oct 2007 Markus S�der (s.a.) 22 Oct 2007 - 3 Nov 2008 Christine Haderthauer (f) (b. 1962) 3 Nov 2008 - 9 Feb 2009 Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg (b. 1971) 9 Feb 2009 - 17 Dec 2013 Alexander Dobrindt (b. 1970) 17 Dec 2013 - 14 Mar 2018 Andreas Scheuer (b. 1974) 14 Mar 2018 - 25 Feb 2022 Markus Blume (b. 1975) 25 Feb 2022 - 6 May 2022 Stephan Mayer (b. 1973) 6 May 2022 - Martin Huber (b. 1977)

Chairmen 10 May 1946 - 20 Aug 1952 Kurt Schumacher (b. 1895 - d. 1952) 24 Sep 1952 - 14 Dec 1963 Erich Ollenhauer (b. 1901 - d. 1963) 16 Feb 1964 - 14 Jun 1987 Willy Brandt (b. 1913 - d. 1992) 14 Jun 1987 - 29 May 1991 Hans-Jochen Vogel (b. 1926 - d. 2020) 29 May 1991 - 3 May 1993 Bj�rn Engholm (b. 1939) 3 May 1993 - 25 Jun 1993 Johannes Rau (acting) (b. 1931 - d. 2006) 25 Jun 1993 - 16 Nov 1995 Rudolf Scharping (b. 1947) 16 Nov 1995 - 11 Mar 1999 Oskar Lafontaine (b. 1943) 11 Mar 1999 - 21 Mar 2004 Gerhard Schr�der (b. 1944) (acting to 12 Apr 1999) 21 Mar 2004 - 15 Nov 2005 Franz M�ntefering (1st time) (b. 1940) 15 Nov 2005 - 10 Apr 2006 Matthias Platzeck (b. 1953) 10 Apr 2006 - 7 Sep 2008 Kurt Beck (acting to 14 May 2006) (b. 1949) 7 Sep 2008 - 18 Oct 2008 Frank-Walter Steinmeier (acting) (b. 1956) 18 Oct 2008 - 13 Nov 2009 Franz M�ntefering (2nd time) (s.a.) 13 Nov 2009 - 19 Mar 2017 Sigmar Gabriel (b. 1959) 19 Mar 2017 - 13 Feb 2018 Martin Schulz (b. 1955) 13 Feb 2018 - 22 Apr 2018 Olaf Scholz (acting) (b. 1958) 22 Apr 2018 - 3 Jun 2019 Andrea Nahles (f) (b. 1970) 3 Jun 2019 - 6 Dec 2019 Malu Dreyer (f) (b. 1961) + Thorsten Sch�fer-G�mbel (b. 1969) (to 1 Oct 2019) + Manuela Schwesig (f) (b. 1974) (to 10 Sep 2019) (acting) 6 Dec 2019 - 18 Dec 2021 Saskia Esken (f) (b. 1961) + Norbert Walter-Borjans (b. 1952) 18 Dec 2021 - Saskia Esken (f) (s.a.) + Lars Klingbeil (b. 1978)

Bundesgesch�ftsf�hrer 2 Oct 1968 - 18 Dec 1971 Hans-J�rgen Wischnewski (b. 1922 - d. 2005) 24 Jan 1972 - 12 Oct 1976 Holger B�rner (b. 1931 - d. 2006) 15 Dec 1976 - 23 Feb 1981 Egon Bahr (b. 1922 - d. 2015) 23 Feb 1981 - 14 Jun 1987 Peter Glotz (b. 1939 - d. 2005) 15 Jun 1987 - 30 May 1991 Anke Fuchs (f) (b. 1937 - d. 2019) 30 May 1991 - 15 Aug 1993 Karlheinz Blessing (b. 1957) 15 Aug 1993 - 29 Sep 1995 G�nter Verheugen (b. 1944) 16 Oct 1995 - 2 Nov 1998 Franz M�ntefering (1st time) (s.a.) 2 Nov 1998 - 6 Sep 1999 Ottmar Schreiner (b. 1946 - d. 2013) 6 Sep 1999 - 7 Dec 1999 Franz M�ntefering (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) General secretaries 7 Dec 1999 - 20 Oct 2002 Franz M�ntefering (s.a.) 20 Oct 2002 - 21 Mar 2004 Olaf Scholz (s.a.) 21 Mar 2004 - 15 Nov 2005 Klaus Uwe Benneter (b. 1947) 15 Nov 2005 - 13 Nov 2009 Hubertus Heil (1st time) (b. 1972) 13 Nov 2009 - 26 Jan 2014 Andrea Nahles (f) (s.a.) 26 Jan 2014 - 11 Dec 2015 Yasmin Fahimi (f) (b. 1967) 11 Dec 2015 - 2 Jun 2017 Katarina Barley (f) (b. 1968) 2 Jun 2017 - 8 Dec 2017 Hubertus Heil (2nd time) (s.a.) 8 Dec 2017 - 18 Dec 2021 Lars Klingbeil (s.a.) 18 Dec 2021 - 8 Oct 2024 Kevin K�hnert (b. 1989) 8 Oct 2024 - Matthias Miersch (acting) (b. 1968)

Free Democratic Party

Chairmen 12 Dec 1948 - 22 Sep 1949 Theodor Heuss (b. 1884 - d. 1963) 22 Sep 1949 - 7 Mar 1954 Franz Bl�cher (b. 1896 - d. 1959) 7 Mar 1954 - 24 Jan 1957 Thomas Dehler (b. 1897 - d. 1967) 24 Jan 1957 - 28 Jan 1960 Reinhold Maier (b. 1889 - d. 1971) 28 Jan 1960 - 30 Jan 1968 Erich Mende (b. 1916 - d. 1998) 30 Jan 1968 - 1 Oct 1974 Walter Scheel (b. 1919 - d. 2016) 1 Oct 1974 - 23 Feb 1985 Hans-Dietrich Genscher (b. 1927 - d. 2016) 23 Feb 1985 - 9 Oct 1988 Martin Bangemann (b. 1934 - d. 2022) 9 Oct 1988 - 11 Jun 1993 Otto Graf Lambsdorff (b. 1926 - d. 2009) 11 Jun 1993 - 10 Jun 1995 Klaus Kinkel (b. 1936 - d. 2019) 10 Jun 1995 - 4 May 2001 Wolfgang Gerhardt (b. 1943 - d. 2024) 4 May 2001 - 14 May 2011 Guido Westerwelle (b. 1961 - d. 2016) 14 May 2011 - 7 Dec 2013 Philipp R�sler (b. 1973) 7 Dec 2013 - Christian Lindner (b. 1979)

General secretaries 24 Oct 1971 - 25 Aug 1973 Karl-Hermann Flach (b. 1929 - d. 1973) 1 Oct 1974 - 4 Oct 1975 Martin Bangemann (s.a.) Nov 1978 - 29 Sep 1982 G�nter Verheugen (b. 1944) Nov 1982 - Jun 1984 Irmgard Adam-Schwaetzer (f) (b. 1942) Jun 1984 - 9 Oct 1988 Helmut Haussmann (b. 1943) 9 Oct 1988 - 1 Nov 1991 Cornelia Schmalz-Jacobsen (f) (b. 1934) 1 Nov 1991 - 11 Jun 1993 Uwe L�hr (b. 1949) 11 Jun 1993 - 12 Dec 1994 Werner Hoyer (b. 1951) 12 Dec 1994 - 4 May 2001 Guido Westerwelle (s.a.) 4 May 2001 - 5 May 2005 Cornelia Pieper (f) (b. 1959) 5 May 2005 - 28 Oct 2009 Dirk Niebel (b. 1963) 14 Dec 2009 - 14 Dec 2011 Christian Lindner (s.a.) (acting to 24 Apr 2010) 14 Dec 2011 - 7 Dec 2013 Patrick D�ring (b. 1973) (acting to 21 Apr 2012) 7 Dec 2013 - 26 Apr 2019 Nicola Beer (f) (b. 1970) 26 Apr 2019 - 19 Sep 2020 Linda Teuteberg (f) (b. 1981) 19 Sep 2020 - 20 Dec 2021 Volker Wissing (b. 1970) 20 Dec 2021 - Bijan Djir-Sarai (b. 1976) (acting to 23 Apr 2022)

Alliance 90/The Greens

13 Jan 1980 The Greens founded 14 May 1993 united with Alliance 90 as Alliance 90/The Greens

Speakers 13 Jan 1980 - 23 Mar 1980 Herbert Gruhl (b. 1921 - d. 1993) + August Haussleiter (b. 1905 - d. 1989) + Helmut Neddermeyer (b. 1938) (acting) 23 Mar 1980 - Oct 1981 August Haussleiter (s.a.) (to 22 Jun 1980) + Dieter Burgmann (b. 1939) (from 22 Jun 1980) + Petra Kelly (f) (b. 1947 - d. 1992) + Norbert Mann (b. 1943) Oct 1981 - Nov 1982 Dieter Burgmann (s.a.) + Petra Kelly (f) (s.a.) + Manon Maren-Grisebach (f) (b. 1931) Nov 1982 - Nov 1983 Wilhelm Knabe (b. 1923 - d. 2021) + Manon Maren-Grisebach (f) (s.a.) + Rainer Trampert (b. 1946) Nov 1983 - 7 Dec 1984 Wilhelm Knabe (s.a.) + Rebekka Schmidt (f) (b. 1954) + Rainer Trampert (s.a.) 7 Dec 1984 - 2 May 1987 Lukas Beckmann (b. 1950) + Jutta Ditfurth (f) (b. 1951) + Rainer Trampert (s.a.) 2 May 1987 - 4 Mar 1989 Jutta Ditfurth (f) (s.a.) + Regina Michalik (f) (b. 1958) + Christian Schmidt (b. 1943) (acting from Dec 1988) 4 Mar 1989 - 10 Jun 1990 Ralf F�cks (b. 1951) + Ruth Hammerbacher (f) (b. 1953) + Verena Krieger (f) (b. 1961) 10 Jun 1990 - 28 Apr 1991 Renate Damus (f) (b. 1940) + Heide R�hle (f) (b. 1948) + Christian Str�bele (to Feb 1991) (b. 1939 - d. 2022) 28 Apr 1991 - 14 May 1993 Ludger Volmer (b. 1952) + Christine Weiske (f) (b. 1949) (to 16 Jan 1993) 14 May 1993 - 3 Dec 1994 Ludger Volmer (s.a.) + Marianne Birthler (f) (b. 1948) 3 Dec 1994 - 30 Nov 1996 J�rgen Trittin (b. 1954) + Krista Sager (f) (b. 1953) 30 Nov 1996 - 12 Dec 1998 J�rgen Trittin (s.a.) + Gunda R�stel (f) (b. 1962) 12 Dec 1998 - 24 Jun 2000 Antje Radcke (f) (b. 1960) + Gunda R�stel (f) (s.a.) Chairmen 24 Jun 2000 - 9 Mar 2001 Renate K�nast (f) (b. 1955) + Fritz Kuhn (b. 1955) 9 Mar 2001 - 8 Dec 2002 Claudia Roth (f) (b. 1955) + Fritz Kuhn (s.a.) 8 Dec 2002 - 2 Oct 2004 Angelika Beer (f) (b. 1957) + Reinhard B�tikofer (b. 1953) 2 Oct 2004 - 15 Nov 2008 Claudia Roth (f) (s.a.) + Reinhard B�tikofer (s.a.) 15 Nov 2008 - 19 Oct 2013 Claudia Roth (f) (s.a.) + Cem �zdemir (b. 1965) 19 Oct 2013 - 27 Jan 2018 Simone Peter (f) (b. 1965) + Cem �zdemir (s.a.) 27 Jan 2018 - 14 Feb 2022 Annalena Baerbock (f) (b. 1980) + Robert Habeck (b. 1969) 14 Feb 2022 - 16 Nov 2024 Ricarda Lang (f) (b. 1994) + Omid Nouripour (b. 1975) 16 Nov 2024 - Franziska Brantner (f) (b. 1979) + Felix Banaszak (b. 1989)

Politische Bundesgesch�ftsf�hrer Jun 1991 - 12 Dec 1998 Heide R�hle (f) (s.a.) 12 Dec 1998 - 8 Dec 2002 Reinhard B�tikofer (s.a.) 8 Dec 2002 - 19 Oct 2013 Steffi Lemke (f) (b. 1968) 19 Oct 2013 - 14 Feb 2022 Michael Kellner (b. 1977) 14 Feb 2022 - 16 Nov 2024 Emily B�ning (f) (b. 1985) 16 Nov 2024 - Pegah Edalatian (f) (b. 1980)

The Left

17 Jul 2005 Party of Democratic Socialism renamed The Left Party 16 Jun 2007 merged with Election Alternative Work and Social Justice to form The Left

Chairmen 4 Feb 1990 - 30 Jan 1993 Gregor Gysi (b. 1948) 30 Jan 1993 - 14 Oct 2000 Lothar Bisky (1st time) (b. 1941 - d. 2013) 14 Oct 2000 - 28 Jun 2003 Gabi Zimmer (f) (b. 1955) 28 Jun 2003 - 15 Jun 2007 Lothar Bisky (2nd time) (s.a.) 16 Jun 2007 - 15 May 2010 Lothar Bisky (3rd time) (s.a.) + Oskar Lafontaine (b. 1943) 15 May 2010 - 10 Apr 2012 Gesine L�tzsch (f) (b. 1961) + Klaus Ernst (b. 1954) 10 Apr 2012 - 2 Jun 2012 Klaus Ernst (s.a.) 2 Jun 2012 - 10 Mar 2021 Katja Kipping (f) (b. 1978) + Bernd Riexinger (b. 1955) 10 Mar 2021 - 20 Apr 2022 Janine Wissler (f) (b. 1981) + Susanne Hennig-Wellsow (f) (b. 1977) 20 Apr 2022 - 25 Jun 2022 Janine Wissler (f) (s.a.) 25 Jun 2022 - 19 Oct 2024 Janine Wissler (f) (s.a.) + Martin Schirdewan (b. 1975) 19 Oct 2024 - Ines Schwerdtner (f) (b. 1989) + Jan van Aken (b. 1961)

Bundesgesch�ftsf�hrer 26 Jan 1991 - 30 Jan 1993 Wolfgang Gehrcke (b. 1943) 30 Jan 1993 - 18 Jan 1997 Martin Harnack (b. 1950) 18 Jan 1997 - 13 Oct 2002 Dietmar Bartsch (1st time) (b. 1958) 13 Oct 2002 - 28 Jun 2003 Uwe Hiksch (b. 1964) 28 Jun 2003 - 10 Dec 2005 Rolf Kutzmutz (b. 1947) 10 Dec 2005 - 15 May 2010 Dietmar Bartsch (2nd time) (s.a.) 15 May 2010 - 3 Jun 2012 Caren Lay (f) (b. 1972) + Werner Dreibus (b. 1947) 3 Jun 2012 - 10 Nov 2017 Matthias H�hn (b. 1975) 10 Nov 2017 - 9 Jun 2018 Harald Wolf (acting) (b. 1956) 9 Jun 2018 - 25 Jun 2022 J�rg Schindler (b. 1972) 25 Jun 2022 - 12 Jan 2024 Tobias Bank (b. 1985) 12 Jan 2024 - 19 Oct 2024 Katina Schubert (f) (b. 1961) + Ates G�rpinar (b. 1984) (acting) 19 Oct 2024 - Janis Ehling (b. 1985)

Pirate Party

Chairmen 10 Sep 2006 - 20 May 2007 Christof Leng (b. 1975) 20 May 2007 - 18 May 2008 Jens Seipenbusch (1st time) (b. 1968) 18 May 2008 - 4 Jul 2009 Dirk Hillbrecht (b. 1972) 4 Jul 2009 - 14 May 2011 Jens Seipenbusch (2nd time) (s.a.) 14 May 2011 - 28 Apr 2012 Sebastian Nerz (b. 1983) 28 Apr 2012 - 30 Nov 2013 Bernd Schl�mer (b. 1971) 30 Nov 2013 - 28 Jun 2014 Thorsten Wirth (b. 1968) 28 Jun 2014 - 27 Aug 2016 Stefan K�rner (b. 1968) 27 Aug 2016 - 21 Oct 2017 Patrick Schiffer (b. 1973) 21 Oct 2017 - 17 Nov 2018 Carsten Sawosch (b. 1968) 17 Nov 2018 - 11 Jun 2022 Sebastian Alscher (b. 1976) 11 Jun 2022 - 2 Dec 2023 Anne Herpertz (f) (b. 1998) 2 Dec 2023 - 14 Sep 2024 Lukas K�ffner (b. 2001) 14 Sep 2024 - Borys Sobieski (b. 1978)

Alternative for Germany

Speakers 6 Feb 2013 - 14 Apr 2013 Bernd Lucke (b. 1962) + Konrad Adam (b. 1942) + Dagmar Metzger (f) (b. 1963) 14 Apr 2013 - 4 Jul 2015 Bernd Lucke (s.a.) + Frauke Petry (f) (b. 1975) + Konrad Adam (s.a.) 4 Jul 2015 - 29 Sep 2017 Frauke Petry (f) (s.a.) + J�rg Meuthen (b. 1961) 29 Sep 2017 - 2 Dec 2017 J�rg Meuthen (s.a.) 2 Dec 2017 - 30 Nov 2019 Alexander Gauland (b. 1941) + J�rg Meuthen (s.a.) 30 Nov 2019 - 28 Jan 2022 Tino Chrupalla (b. 1975) + J�rg Meuthen (s.a.) 28 Jan 2022 - 18 Jun 2022 Tino Chrupalla (s.a.) 18 Jun 2022 - Tino Chrupalla (s.a.) + Alice Weidel (f) (b. 1979)

Labour unions

German Trade Union Federation

Chairmen 13 Oct 1949 - 16 Feb 1951 Hans B�ckler (b. 1875 - d. 1951) 22 Jun 1951 - 17 Oct 1952 Christian Fette (b. 1895 - d. 1971) 17 Oct 1952 - 6 Oct 1956 Walter Freitag (b. 1889 - d. 1958) 6 Oct 1956 - 26 Oct 1962 Willi Richter (b. 1894 - d. 1972) 26 Oct 1962 - 19 May 1969 Ludwig Rosenberg (b. 1903 - d. 1977) 19 May 1969 - 19 May 1982 Heinz Oskar Vetter (b. 1917 - d. 1990) 19 May 1982 - 23 May 1990 Ernst Breit (b. 1924 - d. 2013) 23 May 1990 - 9 May 1994 Heinz Werner Meyer (b. 1932 - d. 1994) 14 Jun 1994 - 28 May 2002 Dieter Schulte (b. 1940 - d. 2022) 28 May 2002 - 12 May 2014 Michael Sommer (b. 1952) 12 May 2014 - 9 May 2022 Reiner Hoffmann (b. 1955) 9 May 2022 - Yasmin Fahimi (f) (b. 1967)

IG Metall

Chairmen 1949 - 1950 Hans Br�mmer (b. 1886 - d. 1966) + Walter Freitag (b. 1889 - d. 1958) + Wilhelm Petersen (b. 1889 - d. 1968) 1950 - 1952 Hans Br�mmer (s.a.) + Walter Freitag (s.a.) 1952 - 1956 Hans Br�mmer (s.a.) + Otto Brenner (b. 1907 - d. 1972) 1956 - 15 Apr 1972 Otto Brenner (s.a.) Jun 1972 - 12 Oct 1983 Eugen Loderer (b. 1920 - d. 1995) 12 Oct 1983 - Oct 1986 Hans Mayr (b. 1921 - d. 2009) Oct 1986 - 25 May 1993 Franz Steink�hler (b. 1937) 25 May 1993 - 21 Jul 2003 Klaus Zwickel (b. 1939) (acting to 2 Oct 1993) 21 Jul 2003 - 6 Nov 2007 J�rgen Peters (b. 1944) (acting to 31 Aug 2003) 6 Nov 2007 - 25 Nov 2013 Berthold Huber (b. 1950) 25 Nov 2013 - 20 Oct 2015 Detlef Wetzel (b. 1952) 20 Oct 2015 - 23 Oct 2023 J�rg Hofmann (b. 1955) 23 Oct 2023 - Christiane Benner (f) (b. 1968)

ver.di

19 Mar 2001 5 unions (�tv, DAG, HBV, IG Medien, DPG) united as ver.di

Chairmen 19 Mar 2001 - 24 Sep 2019 Frank Bsirske (b. 1952) 24 Sep 2019 - Frank Werneke (b. 1967)

�tv

Chairmen Feb 1952 - 1 Jul 1964 Adolph Kummernuss (b. 1895 - d. 1979) 1 Jul 1964 - 29 Sep 1982 Heinz Kluncker (b. 1925 - d. 2005) 29 Sep 1982 - 10 Nov 1994 Monika Wulf-Mathies (f) (b. 1942) 10 Nov 1994 - 13 Feb 1995 Jutta Schmidt (f) (b. 1945) + Wolfgang Warburg (b. 1942) (acting) 13 Feb 1995 - 9 Nov 2000 Herbert Mai (b. 1947) 9 Nov 2000 - 19 Mar 2001 Frank Bsirske (s.a.)