Countries Ph-Pu (original) (raw)
Contents of this page:
Philippines - Pitcairn Island - Poland - Portugal - Puerto Rico
Philippines
1569 Spanish colony6 Oct 1762 - 10 Feb 1763 British rule 23 Mar 1897 - 16 Dec 1897 Philippine Republic (insurrection against Spain) 12 Jun 1898 - 16 Apr 1902 Philippine Republic (insurrection against Spain and U.S.) 13 Aug 1898 U.S. territory (Philippine Islands) 15 Nov 1935 Commonwealth of the Philippines 3 Jan 1942 - 14 Oct 1943 Japanese military occupation (de facto to 17 Aug 1945) 14 Oct 1943 - 17 Aug 1945 nominal independence (Republic of the Philippines) 4 Jul 1946 independence (Republic of the Philippines)
Governors-general 25 Jul 1690 - 8 Sep 1701 Fausto Cruzat y G�ngora 8 Sep 1701 - 25 Aug 1709 Domingo de Zabalburu de Echeverri 25 Aug 1709 - 4 Feb 1715 Mart�n de Urs�a Arizmendi, conde de Liz�rraga (b. 1653 - d. 1715) 4 Feb 1715 - 9 Aug 1717 Jos� de Torralba (acting) (b. 16... - d. 1726) 9 Aug 1717 - 11 Oct 1719 Fernando Manuel de Bustamante y Bustillo Rueda (b. 16... - d. 1719) 11 Oct 1719 - 6 Aug 1721 Fray Francisco de la Cuesta (b. 16... - d. 1724) (acting) 6 Aug 1721 - 14 Aug 1729 Toribio Jos� Miguel de Cosio y Campo, marqu�s de Torre Campo 14 Aug 1729 - Jul 1739 Fernando de Vald�s Tam�n Jul 1739 - 21 Sep 1745 Gaspar de la Torre Ayala (b. ... - d. 1745) 21 Sep 1745 - 20 Jul 1750 Fray Juan de Arechederra (acting) (b. 16... - d. 1751) 20 Jul 1750 - Jul 1754 Francisco Jos� de Ovando y Sol�s, marqu�s de Ovando (b. ... - d. 1755) Jul 1754 - 31 May 1759 Pedro Manuel de Arand�a Santisteban (b. ... - d. 1759) Jun 1759 - Jul 1761 Miguel Lino de Espeleta (acting) (b. ... - d. 1771) Jul 1761 - Oct 1762 Manuel Rojo del R�o (acting) (b. ... - d. 1764) Oct 1762 - 17 Mar 1764 Sim�n de Anda y Salazar (1st time) (b. 1710 - d. 1776) 2 Nov 1762 - 10 Feb 1763 Dawsonne Drake (British governor) 17 Mar 1764 - 6 Jul 1765 Francisco Javier de la Torre (acting) 6 Jul 1765 - Jul 1770 Jos� Ra�n Jul 1770 - 30 Oct 1776 Sim�n de Anda y Salazar (2nd time) (s.a.) 30 Oct 1776 - Jul 1778 Pedro Sarrio (1st time) (acting) Jul 1778 - 22 Sep 1787 Jos� Basco y Vargas 22 Sep 1787 - 1 Jul 1788 Pedro Sarrio (2nd time) (acting) 1 Jul 1788 - 1 Sep 1793 F�lix Berenguer de Marquina (b. 1738 - d. 1826) 1 Sep 1793 - 7 Aug 1806 Rafael Mar�a de Aguilar y Ponce de Le�n (b. 17... - d. 1806) 7 Aug 1806 - 4 Mar 1810 Mariano Fern�ndez de Folgueras (1st time) (acting) (b. 17... - d. 1823) 4 Mar 1810 - 4 Sep 1813 Manuel Gonz�lez Aguilar 4 Sep 1813 - 10 Dec 1816 Jos� de Gardoqui Jaraveita 10 Dec 1816 - 30 Oct 1822 Mariano Fern�ndez de Folgueras (2nd time) (s.a.) 30 Oct 1822 - 14 Oct 1825 Juan Antonio Mart�nez 14 Oct 1825 - 23 Dec 1830 Mariano Ricafort Palac�n y Abarca 23 Dec 1830 - 1 Mar 1835 Pascual Enrile y Alcedo 1 Mar 1835 - 23 Apr 1835 Gabriel de Torres y Velasco (b. ... - d. 1835) 23 Apr 1835 - 9 Sep 1835 Joaqu�n de Cr�mer (acting) 9 Sep 1835 - 27 Aug 1837 Pedro Antonio de Salazar Castillo y Varona (acting) 27 Aug 1837 - 29 Dec 1838 Andr�s Garc�a Camba (acting) 29 Dec 1838 - 14 Feb 1841 Luis Lardizabal y Montojo 14 Feb 1841 - 17 Jun 1843 Marcelino de Ora� y Lecumberri (b. 1788 - d. 1851) 17 Jun 1843 - 16 Jul 1844 Francisco de Paula Alcal� de la Torre 16 Jul 1844 - 26 Dec 1849 Narciso Claver�a y Zald�a 26 Dec 1849 - 29 Jul 1850 Antonio Mar�a Blanco (acting) 29 Jul 1850 - 20 Dec 1853 Antonio de Urbiztondo y Egu�a (b. 179... - d. _c._1856) 20 Dec 1853 - 2 Feb 1854 Ram�n Montero y Blandino (1st time) (acting) 2 Feb 1854 - 28 Oct 1854 Manuel Pavia y Lacy, marqu�s de Novaliches (b. 1814 - d. 1896) 28 Oct 1854 - 20 Nov 1854 Ram�n Montero y Blandino (2nd time) (acting) 20 Nov 1854 - 5 Dec 1856 Manuel Crespo y Cebri�n 5 Dec 1856 - 9 Mar 1857 Ram�n Montero y Blandino (3rd time) (acting) 9 Mar 1857 - 12 Jan 1860 Fernando de Norzagaray y Escudero (b. 1808 - d. 1860) 12 Jan 1860 - 29 Aug 1860 Ram�n Mar�a Solano y Llanderal (b. ... - d. 1860) (acting) 29 Aug 1860 - 2 Feb 1861 Juan Herrera D�vila (acting) 2 Feb 1861 - 7 Jul 1862 Jos� Lemery e Ibarrola Ney y Gonz�les (b. 1811 - d. 1886) 7 Jul 1862 - 9 Jul 1862 Salvador Vald�s (acting) 9 Jul 1862 - 24 Mar 1865 Rafael de Echag�e Bermingham (b. 1815 - d. 1887) 24 Mar 1865 - 25 Apr 1865 Joaqu�n del Solar e Ib��ez (1st time) (acting) 25 Apr 1865 - 13 Jul 1866 Juan de Lara e Irigoyen 13 Jul 1866 - 21 Sep 1866 Jos� Laureano Sanz y Posse (b. 1822 - d. 1898) (acting) 21 Sep 1866 - 27 Sep 1866 Juan Antonio Osorio (acting) 27 Sep 1866 - 26 Oct 1866 Joaqu�n del Solar e Ib��ez (2nd time) (acting) 26 Oct 1866 - 7 Jun 1869 Jos� de la G�ndara y Navarro (b. 1820 - d. 1885) 7 Jun 1869 - 23 Jun 1869 Manuel Maldonado (acting) 23 Jun 1869 - 4 Apr 1871 Carlos Mar�a de la Torre y Nava Cerrada 4 Apr 1871 - 8 Jan 1873 Rafael Izquierdo Guti�rrez (b. 1820 - d. 1882) 8 Jan 1873 - 24 Jan 1873 Manuel MacCrohon (acting) 24 Jan 1873 - 17 Mar 1874 Juan Alaminos y de Vivar 17 Mar 1874 - 18 Jun 1874 Manuel Blanco Valdemarra (acting) 18 Jun 1874 - 28 Feb 1877 Jos� Malcampo y Monge, marqu�s de San Rafael (b. 1828 - d. 1880) 28 Feb 1877 - 20 Mar 1880 Domingo Moriones y Murillo (b. 1823 - d. 1881) 20 Mar 1880 - 15 Apr 1880 Rafael Rodr�guez Arias (acting) 15 Apr 1880 - 10 Mar 1883 Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte (1st time) (b. 1831 - d. 1921) 10 Mar 1883 - 7 Apr 1883 Emilio Molins (1st time) (acting) 7 Apr 1883 - 1 Apr 1885 Joaqu�n Jovellar y Soler (b. 1819 - d. 1892) 1 Apr 1885 - 4 Apr 1885 Emilio Molins (2nd time) (acting) 4 Apr 1885 - 1888 Emilio Terrero y Parenat 1888 Antonio Molto (acting) 1888 Federico Lobaton (acting) 1888 - 1891 Valeriano Weyler (b. 1838 - d. 1930) 1891 - 1893 Eulogio Despujol y Dusay, conde de Caspe (b. 1834 - d. 1907) 1893 Federico Ochando (acting) 1893 - 13 Dec 1896 Ram�n Blanco y Erenas, marqu�s de Pe�a Plata (b. 1831 - d. 1906) 13 Dec 1896 - 15 Apr 1897 Camilo Garc�a de Polavieja y del Castillo (b. 1838 - d. 1914) 15 Apr 1897 - 23 Apr 1897 Jos� de Lachambre y Dom�nguez (b. 1846 - d. 19...) (acting) 23 Apr 1897 - 11 Apr 1898 Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte (2nd time) (s.a.) 11 Apr 1898 - 5 Aug 1898 Basilio August�n y D�vila (b. 1840 - d. 1910) 5 Aug 1898 - 13 Aug 1898 Ferm�n J�udenes y �lvarez (acting) 13 Aug 1898 - 1898 Francisco Rizzo (acting) (at Malolos, in opposition to U.S.) 1898 - 1 Jan 1899 Diego de los R�os (acting) (at Iloilo, in opposition to U.S.) President of the Supreme Government Council 23 Mar 1897 - 16 Dec 1897 Emilio Aguinaldo (b. 1869 - d. 1964) (chairman Revolutionary Government to 1 Nov 1897) Dictator 12 Jun 1898 - 23 Jan 1899 Emilio Aguinaldo (s.a.) (chairman Revolutionary Government from 23 Jun 1898) Presidents 23 Jan 1899 - 1 Apr 1901 Emilio Aguinaldo (s.a.) 1 Apr 1901 - 16 Apr 1902 Miguel Malvar (b. 1865 - d. 1911) Governors 13 Aug 1898 - 29 Aug 1898 Wesley Merritt (b. 1834 - d. 1910) 29 Aug 1898 - 5 May 1900 Elwell Stephen Otis (b. 1838 - d. 1909) 5 May 1900 - 4 Jul 1901 Arthur MacArthur (b. 1845 - d. 1912) 4 Jul 1901 - 1 Feb 1904 William Howard Taft (b. 1857 - d. 1930) 1 Feb 1904 - 3 Nov 1905 Luke E. Wright (b. 1846 - d. 1922) Governors-general 4 Nov 1905 - 20 Sep 1906 Henry Clay Ide (b. 1844 - d. 1921) (acting to 2 Apr 1906) 20 Sep 1906 - 11 Nov 1909 James Francis Smith (b. 1859 - d. 1928) 11 Nov 1909 - 1 Sep 1913 William Cameron Forbes (b. 1870 - d. 1959) 1 Sep 1913 - 6 Oct 1913 Newton W. Gilbert (acting) (b. 1862 - d. 1939) 6 Oct 1913 - 5 Mar 1921 Francis Burton Harrison (b. 1873 - d. 1957) 5 Mar 1921 - 15 Oct 1921 Charles E. Yeater (acting) (b. 1861 - d. 1943) 15 Oct 1921 - 7 Aug 1927 Leonard Wood (b. 1860 - d. 1927) 7 Aug 1927 - 1 Mar 1928 Eugene Allen Gilmore (1st time) (b. 1871 - d. 1953) (acting) 1 Mar 1928 - 23 Feb 1929 Henry L. Stimson (b. 1867 - d. 1950) 23 Feb 1929 - 8 Jul 1929 Eugene Allen Gilmore (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 8 Jul 1929 - 9 Jan 1932 Dwight F. Davis (b. 1879 - d. 1945) 9 Jan 1932 - 29 Feb 1932 George C. Butte (acting) (b. 1877 - d. 1940) 29 Feb 1932 - 15 Jul 1933 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (b. 1887 - d. 1944) 15 Jul 1933 - 15 Nov 1935 Frank Murphy (b. 1890 - d. 1949) U.S. high commissioners 15 Nov 1935 - 31 Dec 1936 Frank Murphy (s.a.) 1 Jan 1937 - 26 Apr 1937 J. Weldon Jones (1st time) (b. 1896 - d. 1982) (acting) 26 Apr 1937 - 12 Jul 1939 Paul V. McNutt (1st time) (b. 1891 - d. 1955) 12 Jul 1939 - 21 Oct 1939 J. Weldon Jones (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 21 Oct 1939 - 12 Oct 1942 Francis B. Sayre (b. 1885 - d. 1972) (from Mar 1942 in Washington, D.C.) 13 Oct 1942 - 14 Sep 1945 Harold L. Ickes (b. 1874 - d. 1952) (U.S. interior secretary, in charge of high commissioner's functions) 14 Sep 1945 - 4 Jul 1946 Paul V. McNutt (2nd time) (s.a.) Presidents 15 Nov 1935 - 1 Aug 1944 Manuel L. Quezon (b. 1878 - d. 1944) (in exile from Mar 1942 [Australia; from 13 May 1942 Washington, D.C.]) 17 Mar 1942 - 11 Apr 1942 Jose Abad Santos (b. 1886 - d. 1942) (acting for Quezon) 23 Jan 1942 - 14 Oct 1943 Jorge B. Vargas (b. 1890 - d. 1980) (president of the Executive Commission of the Philippine Council of State) 14 Oct 1943 - 17 Aug 1945 Jos� P. Laurel (b. 1891 - d. 1959) 1 Aug 1944 - 28 May 1946 Sergio Osme�a (b. 1878 - d. 1961) (in Washington, D.C., exile to 20 Oct 1944) 28 May 1946 - 15 Apr 1948 Manuel Roxas (b. 1892 - d. 1948) 17 Apr 1948 - 30 Dec 1953 Elpidio Quirino (b. 1890 - d. 1956) 30 Dec 1953 - 17 Mar 1957 Ramon Magsaysay (b. 1907 - d. 1957) 17 Mar 1957 - 30 Dec 1961 Carlos P. Garcia (b. 1896 - d. 1971) 30 Dec 1961 - 30 Dec 1965 Diosdado Macapagal (b. 1910 - d. 1997) 30 Dec 1965 - 25 Feb 1986 Ferdinand E. Marcos (b. 1917 - d. 1989) 25 Feb 1986 - 30 Jun 1992 Corazon Aquino (f) (b. 1933 - d. 2009) 30 Jun 1992 - 30 Jun 1998 Fidel V. Ramos (b. 1928 - d. 2022) 30 Jun 1998 - 20 Jan 2001 Joseph Estrada (b. 1937) 20 Jan 2001 - 30 Jun 2010 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (f) (b. 1947) 30 Jun 2010 - 30 Jun 2016 Benigno Aquino III (b. 1960 - d. 2021) 30 Jun 2016 - 30 Jun 2022 Rodrigo Duterte (b. 1945) 30 Jun 2022 - Bongbong Marcos (b. 1957)
Prime ministers 21 Jan 1899 - 7 May 1899 Apolinario Mabini (b. 1864 - d. 1903) 7 May 1899 - 13 Nov 1899 Pedro A. Paterno (b. 1858 - d. 1911) 12 Jun 1978 - 8 Apr 1981 Ferdinand E. Marcos (s.a.) 8 Apr 1981 - 25 Feb 1986 Cesar Virata (b. 1930) 25 Feb 1986 - 25 Mar 1986 Salvador Laurel (b. 1928 - d. 2004)
Magindanao
Sultans 1699 - 1702 Maulana Kaharuddin Kudai 1702 - 1711 Bayan ul Anwar 1711 - 1733 Jaafar Sadiq Manamir 1733 - 1736 Tahiruddin Malinug 1736 - 1775 Pakir Maulana Khairuddin Hamza 1775 - 1780 Muhammad Paharuddin 1780 - 1805 Muhammad Amirul Omra Azimuddin Sikandar Sul Karnain ibn Pakir Maulana 1805 - 1830 Kawasa Anwaruddin bin Muhammad Amirul Omra 1830 - 1854 Sikandar Kudratullah Muhammad Jamalul Azam bin Raja Tiwa (b. ... - d. 1854) 1854 - 1857 Datu Amirul Intirinu Musa (regent) 1857 - 1883 Muhammad Makakwa bin Datu Intirinu 1883 - 1888 Muhammad Jalaluddin Pablu bin Muhammad Makakwa (b. ... - d. 1888) 1888 - 1906 Rajah Putri (f) (regent) 1906 - 1926 Muhammad Mangigin bin Datu 1926 - 1938 Iskandar Hijaban Mastura 1938 - 1991 Tato Ismael bin Kalug 1991 - May 2000 Muhammad Gutierez bin Baraguir (b. ... - d. 2000) 8 Jun 2000 - 11 Jan 2006 Datu Amir bin Muhammad Baraguir (b. 1960 - d. 2006)
Buayan
Sultans 1865 - 1899 Anwaruddin Uto (b. 18... - d. 1902) 1899 - 22 Oct 1905 Ali (b. 18... - d. 1905)
Sulu
22 Mar 1915 part of Philippines (except regarding suzerainty over Sabah - see under Malaysian states) Apr 1940 U.S. government abolishes sultanate
Sultans 1789 - 1805 Muhammad Sharafuddin ibni Sultan Muhammad Azimuddin (b. ... - d. 1805) 1805 Muhammad Azimuddin III ibni Sultan Muhammad Sharafuddin 1805 - 1808 Aliyuddin I ibni Sultan Muhammad Sharafuddin 1808 - 1823 Shakirullah ibni Sultan Muhammad Sharafuddin (b. ... - d. 1823) 1823 - 1842 Jamalul Kiram I ibni Sultan Muhammad Azimuddin (b. ... - d. 1842) 1842 - 24 Sep 1862 Muhammad Fazlul Kahir ibni Sultan Jamalul Kiram (b. ... - d. 1862) 24 Sep 1862 -7/8 Apr 1881 Muhammad Jamalul Azam ibni Sultan Muhammad Fazlul Kahir (b. ... - d. 1881) 8 Apr 1881 - 22 Feb 1884 Muhammad Badaruddin II ibni Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Azam (b. ... - d. 1884) 1884 - 1886 Muhammad Amirul Kiram ibni Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Azam (b. 18... - d. 1936) 1884 - 1887 Aliyuddin II ibni Datu Israil (rival sultan) 1886 - 1894 Muhammad Harunur Rashid ibni Datu Dakula (b. ... - d. 1899) 1894 - 7 Jun 1936 Muhammad Jamalul Kiram II ibni Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Azam (b. 18... - d. 1936) (rival sultan from 1886) 7 Jun 1936 - 20 Nov 1936 Muwallil Wasit II ibni Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Azam (b. ... - d. 1936) 29 Jan 1937 - Apr 1940 Zainal Abidin ibni Datu Uyung (b. ... - d. 1950) (rival with following) 29 Jan 1937 - Apr 1940 Amirul Omra II (b. ... - d. 1967) (rival with preceding)
Negros
5 Nov 1898 Spanish administration overthrown in Negros Occidental 24 Nov 1898 Spanish administration overthrown in Negros Oriental 27 Nov 1898 Cantonal Republic of Negros established 30 Apr 1899 under U.S. protection 22 Jul 1899 Republic of Negros 30 Apr 1901 extinguished by U.S.
Presidents 5 Nov 1898 - 22 Jul 1899 Aniceto Lacson (b. 1858 - d. 1931) (to 27 Nov 1898 in Negros Occidental only) 24 Nov 1898 - 27 Nov 1898 Demetrio Larena (b. 1859 - d. 1916) (in Negros Oriental) President of the Constituent Assembly 22 Jul 1899 - 6 Nov 1899 Jos� de Luzuriaga (b. 1843 - d. 1921) Civil Governor 6 Nov 1899 - 30 Apr 1901 Melecio Severino (b. 1866 - d. 1915)
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
6 Nov 1990 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) established, covering Lanao del Sur (without Marawi city), Maguindanao (without Cotabato city), Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi provinces 19 Sep 2001 Basilan province (without Isabela city) and Marawi city added to ARMM 25 Jan 2019 Cotabato city added to what is to become the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 29 Mar 2019 BARMM inaugurated
Governors 6 Nov 1990 - Apr 1993 Zacaria Candao Apr 1993 - 30 Sep 1996 Lininding Pangandaman (b. 1933? - d. 2013) 30 Sep 1996 - 27 Dec 2001 Nur Misuari (b. 1940) 22 Nov 2001 - 27 Dec 2001 Alvarez Isnaji (acting for suspended Misuari) 27 Dec 2001 - 30 Sep 2005 Parouk Hussin (b. 1944) 30 Sep 2005 - 22 Dec 2011 Zaldy Ampatuan (b. 1967) (arrested 5 Dec 2009) 10 Dec 2009 - 22 Dec 2011 Ansaruddin Alonto-Adiong (acting for Ampatuan) 22 Dec 2011 - 22 Feb 2019 Mujiv Hataman (b. 1972) (officer-in-charge to 13 Jun 2013) Walis 29 Mar 2019 - 5 Feb 2023 Sheikh Khalifa Nando (b. 1941? - d. 2023) 13 May 2024 - Sheikh Muslim Guiamaden (b. 1963)
Chief minister (of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority) 22 Feb 2019 - Murad Ebrahim (b. 1948)
Pitcairn Island
23 Jan 1790 mutineers from HMS Bounty settle on Pitcairn Mar 1831 - 3 Sep 1831 islanders temporarily removed to Tahiti Oct 1832 - Dec 1837 Commonwealth of Pitcairn 3 May 1856 islanders relocated to Norfolk Island 1857 some islanders begin to return from Norfolk Island 1887 island becomes a British settlement (1898-1970 under the jurisdiction of the governors of Fiji [until 1952 as high commissioners for the Western Pacific])
Governors (the British high commissioners to New Zealand) Oct 1970 - Jan 1973 Sir Arthur Norman Galsworthy (b. 1916 - d. 1986) Jan 1973 - 1975 David Aubrey Scott (from 1 Jan 1974, Sir David Aubrey Scott) (b. 1919 - d. 2010) Feb 1976 - 1980 Harold Smedley (from 31 Dec 1977, Sir Harold Smedley) (b. 1920 - d. 2004) Sep 1980 - 1984 Richard Stratton (from 12 Jun 1982, Sir Richard Stratton) (b. 1924 - d. 1988) Jul 1984 - 1987 Terence Daniel O'Leary (b. 1928 - d. 2006) Dec 1987 - 1990 Robin Byatt (b. 1930 - d. 2019) Sep 1990 - 1994 David Moss (b. 1938) Aug 1994 - 10 Feb 1998 Robert John Alston (b. 1938) Apr 1998 - 2001 Martin Williams (b. 1941) 10 Dec 2001 - Apr 2006 Richard Fell (b. 1948) 2 May 2006 - May 2010 George Fergusson (b. 1955) 3 Jun 2010 - Jul 2014 Vicki Treadell (f) (b. 1959) 15 Aug 2014 - 9 Dec 2017 Jonathan Sinclair (b. 1970?) 25 Jan 2018 - 7 Jul 2022 Laura Clarke (f) (b. 1978) 9 Aug 2022 - Iona Thomas (f)
Leaders (de facto) 23 Jan 1790 - 3 Oct 1793 Fletcher Christian (b. 1764 - d. 1793) 3 Oct 1793 - 25 Dec 1800 Edward Young (b. 1766 - d. 1800) 25 Dec 1800 - 5 Mar 1829 John Adams (b. 1767 - d. 1829) President Oct 1832 - Dec 1837 Joshua Hill (b. 1773 - d. af.1844) Chief magistrates 29 Nov 1838 - 31 Dec 1839 Edward Quintal (b. 1800 - d. 1841) 1 Jan 1840 - 31 Dec 1841 Arthur Quintal I (b. 1793 - d. 1872) 1 Jan 1842 - 31 Dec 1842 Fletcher Christian II (b. 1812 - d. 1852) 1 Jan 1843 - 31 Dec 1843 Matthew McCoy (1st time) (b. 1819 - d. 1853) 1 Jan 1844 - 31 Dec 1844 Thursday October Christian II (1st time) (b. 1820 - d. 1911) 1 Jan 1845 - 31 Dec 1846 Arthur Quintal II (1st time) (b. 1816 - d. 1902) 1 Jan 1847 - 31 Dec 1847 Charles Christian III (b. 1818 - d. 1886) 1 Jan 1848 - 31 Dec 1848 George Adams (b. 1804 - d. 1873) 1 Jan 1849 - 31 Dec 1849 Simon Young (b. 1823 - d. 1893) 1 Jan 1850 - 31 Dec 1850 Arthur Quintal II (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1851 - 31 Dec 1851 Thursday October Christian II (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1852 - 31 Dec 1852 Abraham Blatchly Quintal (b. 1827 - d. 1910) 1 Jan 1853 - 31 Jan 1853 Matthew McCoy (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1854 - 31 Dec 1854 Arthur Quintal II (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1855 - 3 May 1856 George Martin Frederick Young (b. 1822 - d. 1899) 1864 - 31 Dec 1864 Thursday October Christian II (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1865 - 31 Dec 1866 Moses Young (1st time) (b. 1829 - d. 1909) 1 Jan 1867 - 31 Dec 1867 Thursday October Christian II (4th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1868 - 31 Dec 1868 Robert Pitcairn Buffett (b. 1830 - d. 1916) 1 Jan 1869 - 31 Dec 1869 Moses Young (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1870 - 31 Dec 1872 James Russell McCoy (1st time) (b. 1845 - d. 1924) 1 Jan 1873 - 31 Dec 1873 Thursday October Christian II (5th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1874 - 31 Dec 1874 ... 1 Jan 1875 - 31 Dec 1875 Moses Young (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1876 - 31 Dec 1876 Thursday October Christian II (6th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1877 - 31 Dec 1877 ... 1 Jan 1878 - 31 Dec 1879 James Russell McCoy (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1880 - 31 Dec 1880 Thursday October Christian II (7th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1881 - 31 Dec 1881 Moses Young (4th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1882 - 31 Dec 1882 Thursday October Christian II (8th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1883 - 31 Dec 1883 James Russell McCoy (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1884 - 31 Dec 1885 Benjamin Stanley Young (1st time) (b. 1851 - d. 1934) 1 Jan 1886 - 31 Dec 1889 James Russell McCoy (4th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1890 - 31 Dec 1891 Charles Carleton Vieder Young (b. 1850 - d. 1941) 1 Jan 1892 - 31 Dec 1892 Benjamin Stanley Young (2nd time) (s.a.) Presidents of the Council 1 Jan 1893 - 31 Dec 1896 James Russell McCoy (1st time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1897 - 31 Dec 1897 William Alfred Young (1st time) (b. 1863 - d. 1911) 1 Jan 1898 - 1904 James Russell McCoy (2nd time) (s.a.) 1904 William Alfred Young (2nd time) (s.a.) Chief magistrates 1904 - 31 Dec 1906 James Russell McCoy (5th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1907 - 31 Dec 1907 Arthur Herbert Young (1st time) (b. 1873 - d. 1943) 1 Jan 1908 - 31 Dec 1908 William Alfred Young (s.a.) 1 Jan 1909 - 31 Dec 1909 Matthew Edmond McCoy (b. 1868 - d. 1929) 1 Jan 1910 - Jun 1919 Gerard Bromley Robert Christian (b. 1870 - d. 1919) 1 Jan 1920 - 31 Dec 1920 Charles Richard Parkin Christian (1st time) (b. 1883 - d. 1971) 1 Jan 1921 - 31 Dec 1921 Frederick Martin Christian (1st time) (b. 1883 - d. 1971) 1 Jan 1922 - 31 Dec 1922 Charles Richard Parkin Christian (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1923 - 31 Dec 1924 Edgar Allen Christian (1st time) (b. 1879 - d. 1960) 1 Jan 1925 - 31 Dec 1925 Charles Richard Parkin Christian (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1926 - 31 Dec 1929 Edgar Allen Christian (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1930 - 31 Dec 1931 Arthur Herbert Young (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1932 - 31 Dec 1932 Edgar Allen Christian (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1933 - 31 Dec 1934 Charles Richard Parkin Christian (4th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1935 - 31 Dec 1939 Edgar Allen Christian (4th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1940 - 31 Dec 1940 Andrew Clarence David Young (b. 1899 - d. 1988) 1 Jan 1941 - 31 Dec 1941 Frederick Martin Christian (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1942 - 31 Dec 1942 Charles Richard Parkin Christian (5th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1943 - 31 Dec 1943 Frederick Martin Christian (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1944 - 31 Dec 1944 Charles Richard Parkin Christian (6th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1945 - 31 Dec 1948 Norris Henry Young (b. 1887 - d. 1974) 1 Jan 1949 - 31 Dec 1949 Charles Richard Parkin Christian (7th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1950 - 31 Dec 1951 Warren Clive Christian (1st time) (b. 1914 - d. 2003) 1 Jan 1952 - 31 Dec 1954 John Lorenzo Christian (1st time) (b. 1895 - d. 1984) 1 Jan 1955 - 31 Dec 1957 Charles Richard Parkin Christian (8th time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1958 - 31 Dec 1960 Warren Clive Christian (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1961 - 31 Dec 1966 John Lorenzo Christian (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1967 - 31 Dec 1975 Pervis Ferris Young (b. 1928 - d. 2003) 1 Jan 1976 - 31 Dec 1984 Ivan Christian (b. 1919 - d. 1991) 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1990 Brian Young (b. 1954) 1 Jan 1991 - 31 Dec 1999 Jay Warren (b. 1956) Mayors 1 Jan 2000 - 30 Oct 2004 Steve Christian (b. 1951) 8 Nov 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Brenda Christian (f) (b. 1953) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2007 Jay Warren (s.a.) 1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2013 Mike Warren (b. 1964) 1 Jan 2014 - 31 Dec 2019 Shawn Christian (b. 1975) 1 Jan 2020 - 31 Dec 2022 Charlene Warren-Peu (f) (b. 1979) 1 Jan 2023 - Simon Young (b. 1965)
Poland
501 legendary date of foundation of Polish Principality
964 reign of first documented prince (Mieszko I)25 Dec 1024 Polish Kingdom 1031 Polish Principality 25 Dec 1076 Polish Kingdom Jun 1079 Polish Principality 28 Oct 1138 divisions into several principalities, until 1180 under nominal coordination by one of the princes, styled Senior Polish Prince 26 Jun 1295 - 8 Feb 1296 Przemysl II styled Polish King 20 Jan 1320 all Poland, except for Silesia, reunited into Polish Kingdom 1370 kingship becomes elective, but de facto the Diet chooses the kings in hereditary order until 1572 4 Jul 1569 Accord of Lublin, colloquially known as "Union of Lublin," joining Poland and Lithuania officially, but not constitutionally, into United Commonwealth of the Two Nations, in short, The Commonwealth 6 Jul 1572 last hereditary Polish king dies; power to elect the king moves from the Diet to the whole nobility; election as Polish king and grand prince of Lithuania is carried out jointly, but conduct of interregnum is separate 3 May 1791 constitution gives formal sanction to the union with Lithuania 7 Jan 1795 incorporated into Russia 9 Jul 1807 Duchy of Warsaw 20 Jun 1815 - 5 Nov 1916 Polish Kingdom, in (nominally personal, actually subordinate) union with Russia, established by the Congress of Vienna (thus often referred to by historians as Congress Poland) 25 Jan 1831 - 26 Sep 1831 "First Insurrection" 22 Jan 1863 - Apr 1865 "Second Insurrection" 14 Jan 1917 Polish Kingdom 6 Nov 1918 Polish State 22 Nov 1918 Polish Republic 1 Sep 1939 German invasion 17 Sep 1939 Soviet invasion 6 Oct 1939 last Polish troops capitulate; the German-occupied area is partly annexed to Germany, the other part becomes the General Government of Poland on 12 Oct 1939 Jun 1941 Germany takes over the Soviet-occupied areas; they are divided between the General Government and the Reichskommissariate Ostland and Ukraine, while the Bialystok district is "attached" (but not incorporated) to East Prussia 1 Jan 1944 Polish Republic 1 Aug 1952 Polish People's Republic 30 Dec 1989 Polish Republic
General secretaries (from 17 Mar 1954, first secretaries) of the Polish Workers' (Communist) Party (from 20 Dec 1948, Polish United Workers' Party) 23 Nov 1943 - 3 Sep 1948 Wladyslaw Gomulka (1st time) (b. 1905 - d. 1982) 3 Sep 1948 - 12 Mar 1956 Boleslaw Bierut (b. 1892 - d. 1956) (20 Dec 1948 - 17 Mar 1954 chairman Central Committee) 20 Mar 1956 - 21 Oct 1956 Edward Ochab (b. 1906 - d. 1989) 21 Oct 1956 - 20 Dec 1970 Wladyslaw Gomulka (2nd time) (s.a.) 20 Dec 1970 - 6 Sep 1980 Edward Gierek (b. 1913 - d. 2001) 6 Sep 1980 - 18 Oct 1981 Stanislaw Kania (b. 1927 - d. 2020) 18 Oct 1981 - 29 Jul 1989 Wojciech Jaruzelski (b. 1923 - d. 2014) 29 Jul 1989 - 27 Jan 1990 Mieczyslaw Rakowski (b. 1926 - d. 2008) ("leading role" of the party abolished 29 Dec 1989)
Kings� 15 Sep 1697 - 16 Feb 1704 August II "Mocny" (1st time) (b. 1670 - d. 1733) (election proclaimed 17 Jun 1697) (continues in opposition to 24 Sep 1706) 16 Feb 1704 - 4 Oct 1705 Augustyn Michal Stefan Radziejowski (Interrex) (b. 1645 - d. 1705) 4 Oct 1705 - 8 Aug 1709 Stanislaw I Leszczynski (1st time) (b. 1677 - d. 1766) (election proclaimed 12 Jul 1704) 8 Aug 1709 - 1 Feb 1733 August II "Mocny" (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Feb 1733 - 12 Sep 1733 Teodor Andrzej Potocki (Interrex) (b. 1664 - d. 1738) 12 Sep 1733 - 30 Jun 1734 Stanislaw I Leszczynski (2nd time) (s.a.) (abdicates 27 Jan 1736) 30 Jun 1734 - 5 Oct 1763 August III (b. 1696 - d. 1763) (election proclaimed 5 Oct 1733) (in opposition from 17 Jan 1734) 5 Oct 1763 - 25 Nov 1764 Wladyslaw Aleksander Lubienski (b. 1703 - d. 1764) (Interrex) 25 Nov 1764 - 7 Jan 1795 Stanislaw II August Poniatowski (b. 1732 - d. 1798) (election proclaimed 8 Sep 1764) Chairman of the Governing Commission 14 Jan 1807 - 9 Jul 1807 Stanislaw Malachowski (b. 1736 - d. 1809) Duke of Warsaw - Wettin dynasty - 9 Jul 1807 - 14 Mar 1813 Fryderyk August (b. 1750 - d. 1827) Chairman of the Supreme Provisional Council of the Duchy of Warsaw 14 Mar 1813 - 9 Jun 1815 Wasilij Lanskoj (b. 1754 - d. 1831) Kings 20 Jun 1815 - 5 Nov 1916 the emperors of Russia Viceroys Dec 1815 - 28 Jul 1826 J�zef Zajaczek (b. 1752 - d. 1826) 1826 - 1832 vacant 3 Apr 1832 - 1 Feb 1856 Knyaz Ivan Paskevich (b. 1782 - d. 1856) 1853 - 1855 Graf Fyodor Ridiger (b. 1783 - d. 1856) (acting for Paskevich) 1 Feb 1856 - 3 Apr 1856 Wincenty Krasinski (acting) (b. 1782 - d. 1858) 3 Apr 1856 - 30 May 1861 Knyaz Mikhail Gorchakov (b. 1792 - d. 1861) 30 May 1861 - 18 Aug 1861 Nikolay Sukhozanet (acting) (b. 1794 - d. 1871) 18 Aug 1861 - 21 Oct 1861 Graf Karl Lambert (acting) (b. 1815 - d. 1865) 21 Oct 1861 - 28 Jun 1862 Aleksey Liders (acting) (b. 1790 - d. 1874) 28 Jun 1862 - 31 Oct 1863 Veliky Knyaz Konstantin (b. 1827 - d. 1892) 31 Oct 1863 - 18 Jan 1874 Graf Fyodor Berg (b. 1794 - d. 1874) Governors-general of Warsaw 23 Jan 1874 - 30 May 1880 Pavel Kotsebu (from Jun 1874, Graf Pavel Kotsebu) (b. 1801 - d. 1884) 30 May 1880 - 31 May 1883 Pyotr Albedinsky (b. 1828 - d. 1883) 19 Jun 1883 - 18 Dec 1894 Iosif Gurko (b. 1828 - d. 1901) 25 Dec 1894 - 24 Dec 1896 Graf Pavel Shuvalov (b. 1830 - d. 1908) 13 Jan 1897 - 29 Jan 1900 Knyaz Aleksandr Bagration-Imeretinsky (b. 1838 - d. 1900) 1900 - 24 Mar 1901 Ivan Podgorodnikov (acting) (b. 1841 - d. 1910) 6 Apr 1901 - 2 Mar 1905 Mikhail Chertkov (b. 1829 - d. 1905) 4 Mar 1905 - 28 Aug 1905 Konstantin Maksimovich (b. 1849 - d. 1921) 28 Aug 1905 - 14 Feb 1914 Georgy Skalon (b. 1847 - d. 1914) 14 Feb 1914 - 4 Mar 1914 Antony Essen (1st time) (acting) (b. 1863 - d. 1919) 17 Mar 1914 - 16 Sep 1914 Yakov Zhilinsky (b. 1853 - d. 1918) 16 Sep 1914 - 5 Jan 1915 Antony Essen (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.) 5 Jan 1915 - 18 Aug 1915 Knyaz Pavel Yengalychev (b. 1864 - d. 1944) (in exile to Mar 1917) Presidents of the National Government 25 Jan 1831 - 30 Jan 1831 Wladyslaw Tomasz hrabia Ostrowski (b. 1790 - d. 1869) (Marshal of the Diet) + Adam Jerzy ksiaze Czartoryski (b. 1770 - d. 1861) (President of the Senate) 30 Jan 1831 - 17 Aug 1831 Adam Jerzy ksiaze Czartoryski (s.a.) 17 Aug 1831 - 7 Sep 1831 Jan Stefan Krukowiecki (b. 1772 - d. 1850) 7 Sep 1831 - 26 Sep 1831 Bonawentura Niemojowski (b. 1787 - d. 1835) 22 Jan 1863 - 10 Mar 1863 Stefan Bobrowski (b. 1841 - d. 1863) (chairman Executive Commission of the Central National Committee acting as Provisional National Government) together with Ludwik Mieroslawski (b. 1814 - d. 1878) (dictator and commander-in-chief of the Polish Insurrection; in exile to 17 Feb 1863) 10 Mar 1863 - 19 Mar 1863 Marian Langiewicz (dictator) (b. 1827 - d. 1887) 19 Mar 1863 - 20 Mar 1863 Executive Dictatorial Commission - J�zef Kajetan Janowski (b. 1832 - d. 1914) - Agaton Giller (b. 1831 - d. 1887) - Stefan Bobrowski (s.a.) 21 Mar 1863 - 24 May 1863 Central National Committee acting as Provisional National Government - J�zef Kajetan Janowski (s.a.) - Agaton Giller (s.a.) - Stefan Bobrowski (s.a.) (to 12 Apr 1863; chairman Mar - 12 Apr 1863) - Karol Ruprecht (b. 1821 - d. 1875) (from Mar 1863) - Oskar Awejde (b. 1837 - d. 1897) (from 12 Apr 1863) - Edward Siwinski (b. 1831 - d. 1897) (from Apr 1863) Chairmen of the National Government 24 May 1863 - 1863 Piotr Wysocki (b. 1797 - d. 1874) 1863 - 14 Jun 1863 Franciszek Dobrowolski (1st time) (b. 1830 - d. 1896) 14 Jun 1863 - 17 Sep 1863 Karol Majewski (b. 1833 - d. 1897) 17 Sep 1863 - 17 Oct 1863 Franciszek Dobrowolski (2nd time) (s.a.) Head of the National Government (also styled Dictator) 17 Oct 1863 - 10 Apr 1864 Romuald Traugutt (b. 1826 - d. 1864) President of the National Government 10 Apr 1864 - Apr 1865 Bronislaw Brzezinski (b. ... - d. _c._1865) Chairmen of the Provisional Council of State 14 Jan 1917 - 25 Aug 1917 Waclaw Niemojowski (b. 1864 - d. 1939) 25 Aug 1917 - 27 Oct 1917 J�zef Mikulowski Pomorski (acting) (b. 1868 - d. 1935) 27 Oct 1917 - 14 Nov 1918 Regency Council - Aleksander Kakowski (b. 1862 - d. 1938) - Prince Zdzislaw Lubomirski (b. 1865 - d. 1943) - J�zef hrabia Ostrowski (b. 1850 - d. 1923) Head of State 14 Nov 1918 - 14 Dec 1922 J�zef Pilsudski (b. 1867 - d. 1935) (provisional to 20 Feb 1919) Presidents 14 Dec 1922 - 16 Dec 1922 Gabriel Narutowicz (b. 1865 - d. 1922) 16 Dec 1922 - 20 Dec 1922 Maciej Rataj (1st time) (acting) (b. 1884 - d. 1940) 20 Dec 1922 - 15 May 1926 Stanislaw Wojciechowski (b. 1869 - d. 1953) 15 May 1926 - 4 Jun 1926 Maciej Rataj (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.) 4 Jun 1926 - 30 Sep 1939 Ignacy Moscicki (b. 1867 - d. 1946) (in Romania exile from 17 Sep 1939) Governor-general 12 Oct 1939 - 17 Jan 1945 Hans Frank (b. 1900 - d. 1946) Chief of civil administration in the Bialystok district 15 Aug 1941 - Aug 1944 Erich Koch (b. 1896 - d. 1986) Chairman of the Presidium (from 31 Dec 1944, president) of the National Council of the Homeland 1 Jan 1944 - 4 Feb 1947 Boleslaw Bierut (s.a.) (Jul 1944 - 1 Feb 1945 in Lublin) 4 Feb 1947 Franciszek Trabalski (b. 1870 - d. 1964) (Marshal of the Constituent Sejm) 4 Feb 1947 - 5 Feb 1947 Wladyslaw Kowalski (b. 1894 - d. 1958) (Marshal of the Constituent Sejm) President 5 Feb 1947 - 20 Nov 1952 Boleslaw Bierut (s.a.) Chairmen of the Council of State 20 Nov 1952 - 7 Aug 1964 Aleksander Zawadzki (b. 1899 - d. 1964) 7 Aug 1964 - 12 Aug 1964 Edward Ochab (s.a.) + Stanislaw Kulczynski (b. 1895 - d. 1975) + Oskar Lange (b. 1904 - d. 1965) + Boleslaw Podedworny (b. 1898 - d. 1972) (acting) 12 Aug 1964 - 11 Apr 1968 Edward Ochab (s.a.) 11 Apr 1968 - 23 Dec 1970 Marian Spychalski (b. 1906 - d. 1980) 23 Dec 1970 - 28 Mar 1972 J�zef Cyrankiewicz (b. 1911 - d. 1989) 28 Mar 1972 - 6 Nov 1985 Henryk Jablonski (b. 1909 - d. 2003) 6 Nov 1985 - 19 Jul 1989 Wojciech Jaruzelski (s.a.) Presidents 19 Jul 1989 - 22 Dec 1990 Wojciech Jaruzelski (s.a.) 22 Dec 1990 - 23 Dec 1995 Lech Walesa (b. 1943) 23 Dec 1995 - 23 Dec 2005 Aleksander Kwasniewski (b. 1954) 23 Dec 2005 - 10 Apr 2010 Lech Kaczynski (b. 1949 - d. 2010) 10 Apr 2010 - 8 Jul 2010 Bronislaw Komorowski (1st time) (b. 1952) (acting) 8 Jul 2010 Bogdan Borusewicz (acting) (b. 1949) 8 Jul 2010 - 6 Aug 2010 Grzegorz Schetyna (acting) (b. 1963) 6 Aug 2010 - 6 Aug 2015 Bronislaw Komorowski (2nd time) (s.a.) 6 Aug 2015 - Andrzej Duda (b. 1972)
Grand marshals (chief ministers) 19 Feb 1676-16/17Jan 1702 Stanislaw Herakliusz Lubomirski (b. 1642 - d. 1702) 17 Jan 1702 - 15 Dec 1702 J�zef Karol Lubomirski (b. 1638 - d. 1702) (acting to 25 Feb 1702) 15 Dec 1702 - 24 Mar 1713 Kazimierz Ludwik Bielinski (b. 16... - d. 1713) (acting to 20 Dec 1702) 24 Mar 1713 - 2 Apr 1713 Wojciech Andrzej Dambski (acting) (b. 1676 - d. 1725) 2 Apr 1713 - 20 May 1742 J�zef Wandalin Mniszech (b. 1670 - d. 1747) 21 May 1742 - 8 Oct 1766 Franciszek Bielinski (b. _c._1683 - d. 1766) 10 Oct 1766 - 12 Aug 1783 Stanislaw Lubomirski (b. _c._1720 - d. 1783) 12 Aug 1783 - 23 Aug 1783 Franciszek Rzewuski (b. _c._1730 - d. 1800) (acting to 19 Aug 1783) 23 Aug 1783 - 8 Jul 1793 Michal Jerzy Mniszech (b. 1742 - d. 1806) 1793 Fryderyk J�zef Moszynski (b. 1738 - d. 1817) Prime ministers 7 Dec 1917 - 27 Feb 1918 Jan Kucharzewski (1st time) (b. 1876 - d. 1952) 27 Feb 1918 - 4 Apr 1918 Antoni Ponikowski (1st time) (b. 1878 - d. 1949) 4 Apr 1918 - 5 Sep 1918 Jan Kanty Steczkowski (b. 1862 - d. 1929) 5 Sep 1918 - 30 Sep 1918 Stanislaw Dzierzbicki (acting) (b. 1854 - d. 1919) 30 Sep 1918 - 2 Oct 1918 Bohdan Broniewski (1st time) (b. 1855 - d. 1922) (acting) 2 Oct 1918 - 9 Oct 1918 Jan Kucharzewski (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 9 Oct 1918 - 26 Oct 1918 Bohdan Broniewski (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 26 Oct 1918 - 4 Nov 1918 J�zef Swiezynski (b. 1868 - d. 1948) 4 Nov 1918 - 14 Nov 1918 Wladyslaw Wr�blewski (acting) (b. 1875 - d. 1951) Head of the Provisional People's Government (at Lublin) 7 Nov 1918 - 14 Nov 1918 Ignacy Daszynski (b. 1866 - d. 1936) Prime ministers 17 Nov 1918 - 19 Jan 1919 Jedrzej Moraczewski (b. 1870 - d. 1944) 19 Jan 1919 - 13 Dec 1919 Ignacy Paderewski (b. 1860 - d. 1941) 13 Dec 1919 - 23 Jun 1920 Leopold Skulski (b. 1878 - d. af.1939) 23 Jun 1920 - 24 Jul 1920 Wladyslaw Grabski (1st time) (b. 1874 - d. 1938) 24 Jul 1920 - 19 Sep 1921 Wincenty Witos (1st time) (b. 1874 - d. 1945) 19 Sep 1921 - 26 Jun 1922 Antoni Ponikowski (2nd time) (s.a.) 26 Jun 1922 - 16 Jul 1922 Artur Sliwinski (b. 1877 - d. 1953) 16 Jul 1922 - 31 Jul 1922 Wojciech Korfanty (b. 1873 - d. 1939) 31 Jul 1922 - 16 Dec 1922 Julian Ignacy Nowak (b. 1865 - d. 1946) 16 Dec 1922 - 29 May 1923 Wladyslaw Sikorski (b. 1881 - d. 1943) 29 May 1923 - 19 Dec 1923 Wincenty Witos (2nd time) (s.a.) 19 Dec 1923 - 20 Nov 1925 Wladyslaw Grabski (2nd time) (s.a.) 20 Nov 1925 - 10 May 1926 Aleksander hrabia Skrzynski (b. 1882 - d. 1931) 10 May 1926 - 17 May 1926 Wincenty Witos (3rd time) (s.a.) 17 May 1926 - 2 Oct 1926 Kazimierz Bartel (1st time) (b. 1882 - d. 1941) 2 Oct 1926 - 27 Jun 1928 J�zef Pilsudski (1st time) (s.a.) 27 Jun 1928 - 14 Apr 1929 Kazimierz Bartel (2nd time) (s.a.) 14 Apr 1929 - 29 Dec 1929 Kazimierz Switalski (b. 1886 - d. 1962) 29 Dec 1929 - 29 Mar 1930 Kazimierz Bartel (3rd time) (s.a.) 29 Mar 1930 - 25 Aug 1930 Walery Slawek (1st time) (b. 1879 - d. 1939) 25 Aug 1930 - 4 Dec 1930 J�zef Pilsudski (2nd time) (s.a.) 4 Dec 1930 - 27 May 1931 Walery Slawek (2nd time) (s.a.) 27 May 1931 - 12 May 1933 Aleksander Prystor (b. 1874 - d. 1941) 12 May 1933 - 15 May 1934 Janusz Jedrzejewicz (b. 1885 - d. 1951) 15 May 1934 - 28 Mar 1935 Leon Kozlowski (b. 1892 - d. 1944) 28 Mar 1935 - 12 Oct 1935 Walery Slawek (3rd time) (s.a.) 12 Oct 1935 - 15 May 1936 Marian Zyndram-Koscialkowski (b. 1892 - d. 1946) 15 May 1936 - 30 Sep 1939 Felicjan Slawoj-Skladkowski (b. 1885 - d. 1962) (in Romania exile from 17 Sep 1939) 21 Jul 1944 - 4 Feb 1947 Edward Os�bka-Morawski (b. 1909 - d. 1997) (chairman Committee of National Liberation to 31 Dec 1944; to 1 Feb 1945 in Lublin) 7 Feb 1947 - 20 Nov 1952 J�zef Cyrankiewicz (1st time) (s.a.) 20 Nov 1952 - 19 Mar 1954 Boleslaw Bierut (s.a.) 19 Mar 1954 - 23 Dec 1970 J�zef Cyrankiewicz (2nd time) (s.a.) 23 Dec 1970 - 18 Feb 1980 Piotr Jaroszewicz (b. 1909 - d. 1992) 18 Feb 1980 - 24 Aug 1980 Edward Babiuch (b. 1927 - d. 2021) 24 Aug 1980 - 9 Feb 1981 J�zef Pinkowski (b. 1929 - d. 2000) (acting to 5 Sep 1980) 9 Feb 1981 - 6 Nov 1985 Wojciech Jaruzelski (s.a.) 6 Nov 1985 - 27 Sep 1988 Zbigniew Messner (b. 1929 - d. 2014) 27 Sep 1988 - 2 Aug 1989 Mieczyslaw Rakowski (s.a.) 2 Aug 1989 - 24 Aug 1989 Czeslaw Kiszczak (b. 1925 - d. 2015) 24 Aug 1989 - 4 Jan 1991 Tadeusz Mazowiecki (b. 1927 - d. 2013) 4 Jan 1991 - 5 Dec 1991 Jan Krzysztof Bielecki (b. 1951) 6 Dec 1991 - 5 Jun 1992 Jan Olszewski (b. 1930 - d. 2019) 5 Jun 1992 - 8 Jul 1992 Waldemar Pawlak (1st time) (b. 1959) 8 Jul 1992 - 26 Oct 1993 Hanna Suchocka (f) (b. 1946) 26 Oct 1993 - 6 Mar 1995 Waldemar Pawlak (2nd time) (s.a.) 6 Mar 1995 - 7 Feb 1996 J�zef Oleksy (b. 1946 - d. 2015) 7 Feb 1996 - 17 Oct 1997 Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz (b. 1950) 17 Oct 1997 - 31 Oct 1997 Marek Belka (1st time) (acting) (b. 1952) 31 Oct 1997 - 19 Oct 2001 Jerzy Buzek (b. 1940) 19 Oct 2001 - 2 May 2004 Leszek Miller (b. 1946) 2 May 2004 - 31 Oct 2005 Marek Belka (2nd time) (s.a.) 31 Oct 2005 - 14 Jul 2006 Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz (b. 1959) 14 Jul 2006 - 16 Nov 2007 Jaroslaw Kaczynski (b. 1949) 16 Nov 2007 - 22 Sep 2014 Donald Tusk (1st time) (b. 1957) 22 Sep 2014 - 16 Nov 2015 Ewa Kopacz (f) (b. 1956) 16 Nov 2015 - 11 Dec 2017 Beata Szydlo (f) (b. 1963) 11 Dec 2017 - 13 Dec 2023 Mateusz Morawiecki (b. 1968) 13 Dec 2023 - Donald Tusk (2nd time) (s.a.)
Polish Republic in exile�
Presidents 30 Sep 1939 - 6 Jun 1947 Wladyslaw Raczkiewicz (b. 1885 - d. 1947) 9 Jun 1947 - 7 Apr 1972 August Zaleski (b. 1883 - d. 1972) 3 Aug 1954 - 1972 Council of Three (in opposition) - Eduard Andrzej hrabia Raczynski (b. 1891 - d. 1993) - Wladyslaw Anders (b. 1892 - d. 1970) (to 12 May 1970) - Tomasz Arciszewski (b. 1877 - d. 1955) (to 20 Nov 1955) - Tadeusz B�r-Komorowski (b. 1895 - d. 1966) (1956 - 24 Aug 1966) - Roman Odzierzynski (1966-68) (b. 1892 - d. 1975) - Stanislaw Mglej (1968-69) (b. 1900 - d. 1976) - Alfred Urbanski (from 1969) (b. 1899 - d. 1983) - Stanislaw Kopanski (from 1970) (b. 1895 - d. 1976) 9 Apr 1972 - 24 Mar 1979 Stanislaw Ostrowski (b. 1892 - d. 1982) 8 Apr 1979 - 8 Apr 1986 Eduard Andrzej hrabia Raczynski (s.a.) 8 Apr 1986 - 19 Jul 1989 Kazimierz Sabbat (b. 1913 - d. 1989) 19 Jul 1989 - 22 Dec 1990 Ryszard Kaczorowski (b. 1919 - d. 2010)
Prime ministers 30 Sep 1939 - 4 Jul 1943 Wladyslaw Sikorski (s.a.) 5 Jul 1943 - 29 Nov 1944 Stanislaw Mikolajczyk (b. 1901 - d. 1966) 29 Nov 1944 - 2 Jul 1947 Tomasz Arciszewski (s.a.) 2 Jul 1947 - 7 Apr 1949 Tadeusz B�r-Komorowski (s.a.) 7 Apr 1949 - 25 Sep 1950 Tadeusz Tomaszewski (b. 1881 - d. 1950) 25 Sep 1950 - 18 Jan 1954 Roman Odzierzynski (s.a.) 18 Jan 1954 - 8 Jun 1954 Jerzy Hryniewski (b. 1895 - d. 1978) 8 Jun 1954 - 8 Aug 1955 Stanislaw Mackiewicz (b. 1896 - d. 1966) 8 Aug 1955 - 11 Sep 1955 Hugon Hanke (b. 1904 - d. 1964) 11 Sep 1955 - 25 Jun 1965 Antoni Pajak (b. 1893 - d. 1965) 25 Jun 1965 - 16 Jul 1970 Aleksander Zawisza (b. 1896 - d. 1977) 16 Jul 1970 - Aug 1972 Zygmunt Muchniewski (b. 1896 - d. 1979) Aug 1972 - Aug 1976 Alfred Urbanski (s.a.) Aug 1976 - 7 Apr 1986 Kazimierz Sabbat (s.a.) 7 Apr 1986 - 22 Dec 1990 Edward Szczepanik (b. 1915 - d. 2005)
�Under the elective kingship, a king assumed office upon his coronation at the Coronation Diet. The record also includes the date of proclamation of the election at the Election Diet. From 6 Jan 1573, during vacancies in the elective kingship the primate of Poland ex officio (occasionally another prelate, in emergency situations) headed the state with the style Interrex. In the United Commonwealth of Two Nations, the Polish king also had the style of Grand Prince of Lithuania, and the two countries were governed together and were represented on the Diets. Although de jure the Polish Interrex only dealt with Poland during a vacancy in the kingship (the Lithuanian Council of State dealing with Lithuania), this is de facto a spurious distinction. The full style of Polish kings from 1573 was Dei Gratiae Rex Poloniae, Magnus Dux Lituaniae, Russiae, Prussiae, Masoviae, Samogithiae, Kiioviae, Volhyniae, Podoliae, Podlachiae, Livoniae, Smolensciae, Severiae, Czernichoviaeque (official Latin style) or Z Bozej laski Kr�l Polski, Wielki Ksiaze Litewski, Ruski, Pruski, Mazowiecki, Zmudzki, Kijowski, Wolynski, Podolski, Podlaski, Inflancki, Smolenski, Siewierski i Czernihowski (Polish) ("By the Grace of God, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Mazovia, Samogitia, Kiev, Volhynia, Podolia, Podlachia, Livonia, Smolensk, Severia and Chernigov").
�The Polish government in exile lost the diplomatic recognition of the Western Allies on 5 Jul 1945.
Cracow
1815 - 3 Mar 1846 "Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of
Cracow With Its Territory" (often styled Cracow Republic)3 Mar 1846 - 15 Oct 1918 subject to Austria; from 16 Nov 1846 styled Grand Duchy of Cracow, under the emperor of Austria; from the Ausgleich of 21 Dec 1867 that established the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, a territory in the Austrian half of the Monarchy
Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic 2 Nov 1815 - 18 Jan 1831 Stanislaw hrabia Wodzicki (b. 1759 - d. 1843) 18 Jan 1831 - 24 Mar 1833 no permanent chairman 24 Mar 1833 - 26 Feb 1836 Kacper Wieloglowski 26 Feb 1836 - 27 Apr 1839 J�zef Haller de Hallenburg (b. 1783 - d. 1850) 27 Apr 1839 - 27 Oct 1839 Antoni Bystrzonowski (1st time) (b. 1769 - d. 1848) (acting) 27 Oct 1839 - 27 Dec 1839 Jan Chrzciciel Schindler (1st time) (acting) (b. 1802 - d. 1890) 27 Dec 1839 - 27 Feb 1840 Antoni Bystrzonowski (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 27 Feb 1840 - 27 Apr 1840 Jan Chrzciciel Schindler (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.) 27 Apr 1840 - 27 Jun 1840 Antoni Bystrzonowski (3rd time) (s.a.) (acting) 27 Jun 1840 - 27 Aug 1840 Jan Chrzciciel Schindler (3rd time) (acting) (s.a.) 27 Aug 1840 - 27 Oct 1840 Antoni Bystrzonowski (4th time) (s.a.) (acting) 27 Oct 1840 - 27 Dec 1840 Jan Chrzciciel Schindler (4th time) (acting) (s.a.) 27 Dec 1840 - 27 Feb 1841 Antoni Bystrzonowski (5th time) (s.a.) (acting) 27 Feb 1841 - 22 Feb 1846 Jan Chrzciciel Schindler (5th time) (acting to 2 Mar 1841) (s.a.) 22 Feb 1846 J�zef Wincenty hrabia Wodzicki (1st time) (b. 1775 - d. 1847) (chairman Committee of Safety) 22 Feb 1846 - 24 Feb 1846 National Government of the Polish Republic - Ludwik Gorzkowski (b. 1811 - d. bf.1857) - Jan J�zef Tyssowski (b. 1811 - d. 1857) - Aleksander G�rka-Grzegorzewski (b. 1806 - d. 1855) 24 Feb 1846 - 2 Mar 1846 Jan J�zef Tyssowski (s.a.) (Dictator of the Polish Republic) 2 Mar 1846 - 3 Mar 1846 J�zef Wincenty hrabia Wodzicki (2nd time) (s.a.) (chairman Committee of Safety)
Danzig
9 Jul 1807 Free City of Danzig (theoretically under the joint protection of Prussia and Saxony, but actually a French protectorate) 13 Feb 1814 part of Prussia/Germany 10 Jan 1920 under the authority of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers 15 Nov 1920 Free City of Danzig (under League of Nations auspices) 1 Sep 1939 incorporated into Germany 26 Oct 1939 united with occupied parts of Poland as Reichsgau Westpreussen 2 Nov 1939 renamed Danzig-Westpreussen 2 Apr 1945 incorporated into Poland
Governors 1807 - Jan 1814 Jean Rapp (from Mar 1809, Comte Jean Rapp) (b. 1772 - d. 1821) Jan 1814 - Feb 1814 Friedrich von Massenbach (b. 1753 - d. 1819) High commissioners 12 Nov 1919 - 7 Sep 1920 Sir Reginald Thomas Tower (U.K.) (b. 1860 - d. 1939) 15 Nov 1920 - 10 Dec 1920 Edward Lisle Strutt (U.K.) (b. 1874 - d. 1948) (acting) 10 Dec 1920 - 24 Jan 1921 Bernardo Attolico (Italy) (b. 1880 - d. 1942) 24 Jan 1921 - Jan 1923 Sir Richard Cyril Byrne Haking (U.K.) (b. 1862 - d. 1945) 6 Mar 1923 - Nov 1925 Mervyn Sorley McDonnell (U.K.) (b. 1880 - d. 1949) 13 Dec 1925 - 22 Jun 1929 Joost Adriaan van Hamel (Neth.) (b. 1880 - d. 1964) (assumes office 2 Feb 1926) 22 Jun 1929 - 19 Sep 1932 Manfredi conte di Gravina dei principi di Ramacca (Italy) (b. 1883 - d. 1932) 16 Oct 1932 - 15 Jan 1934 Helmer Rostgaard Gommesen Rosting (Denmark) (b. 1893 - d. 1945) 15 Jan 1934 - Jan 1937 Se�n Lester (Ireland) (b. 1888 - d. 1959) 13 Apr 1937 - 1 Sep 1939 Carl Jakob Burckhardt (Switzerland) (b. 1891 - d. 1974)
Presidents of the Senate 21 Jul 1807 - 14 Mar 1808 Karl Friedrich von Gralath (b. 1741 - d. 1818) 17 Mar 1808 - 16 Mar 1809 Daniel Andreas Zernecke (1st time) (b. 1745 - d. 1821) 16 Mar 1809 - 21 Mar 1810 Karl Renner (b. 1739 - d. 1819) 21 Mar 1810 - 18 Mar 1811 Jacob Ernst Schumann (1st time) (b. 1749 - d. 1823) 18 Mar 1811 - 18 Mar 1812 Gottlieb Hufeland (b. 1760 - d. 1817) 18 Mar 1812 - 18 Mar 1813 Daniel Andreas Zernecke (2nd time) (s.a.) 18 Mar 1813 - 13 Feb 1814 Jacob Ernst Schumann (2nd time) (s.a.) Lord mayor 10 Jan 1920 - 5 Mar 1920 Heinrich Sahm (b. 1877 - d. 1939) Chairman of the Council of State 5 Mar 1920 - 6 Dec 1920 Heinrich Sahm (s.a.) Presidents of the Senate 6 Dec 1920 - 10 Jan 1931 Heinrich Sahm (s.a.) 10 Jan 1931 - 20 Jun 1933 Ernst Ziehm (b. 1867 - d. 1962) 20 Jun 1933 - 23 Nov 1934 Hermann Rauschning (b. 1887 - d. 1982) 23 Nov 1934 - 23 Aug 1939 Arthur Greiser (b. 1897 - d. 1946) (acting to 28 Nov 1934) Head of State 23 Aug 1939 - 1 Sep 1939 Albert Forster (b. 1902 - d. 1952) Chief of civil administration 1 Sep 1939 - 26 Oct 1939 Albert Forster (s.a.) Reichsstatthalter 26 Oct 1939 - 2 Apr 1945 Albert Forster (s.a.)
Portugal
1093 County of Portugal27 Jul 1139 Kingdom of Portugal (from 1253 sometimes Kingdom of Portugal and of the Algarves) 1 Feb 1808 - 30 Aug 1808 ruler and dynasty deposed in Portugal (but not in Brazil, etc.), and state governed in the name of France� 16 Dec 1815 United Kingdom of Portugal, and of Brazil, and Algarves 26 Feb 1821 United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarve 2 Jun 1823 United Kingdom of Portugal, and of Brazil, and Algarves 13 May 1825 Kingdom of Portugal (separated de jure from Brazil) 5 Oct 1910 Portuguese Republic
Kings/Queens� - Bragan�a dynasty - (from 15 Nov 1853 actually Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, but continues to be officially styled Bragan�a) 12 Sep 1683 - 9 Dec 1706 Pedro II (b. 1648 - d. 1706) 9 Dec 1706 - 31 Jul 1750 Jo�o V (b. 1689 - d. 1750) 31 Jul 1750 - 24 Feb 1777 Jos� I (b. 1706 - d. 1777) 24 Feb 1777 - 20 Mar 1816 Maria I (f) (b. 1734 - d. 1816) (left Portugal 27 Nov 1807; arrived in Brazil 7 Mar 1808) 20 Mar 1816 - 10 Mar 1826 Jo�o VI "o Clemente" (b. 1767 - d. 1826) (regent for incapacitated Maria I 15 Jul 1799 - 20 Mar 1816) 6 Mar 1826 - 26 Feb 1828 Isabel Maria (f) (b. 1801 - d. 1876) (president of the Council of Regency) 10 Mar 1826 - 3 Mar 1828 Pedro IV (b. 1798 - d. 1834) (regent for Maria II 3 Mar - 3 Jul 1828 and 15 Mar 1830 - 20 Sep 1834) 3 Mar 1828 - 11 Jul 1828 Maria II da Gl�ria (f) (1st time) (b. 1819 - d. 1853) 11 Jul 1828 - 26 May 1834 Miguel I (b. 1802 - d. 1866) (regent for Pedro IV 26 Feb - 3 Mar 1828 and for Maria II 3-11 Jul 1828) 26 May 1834 - 15 Nov 1853 Maria II da Gl�ria (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) (beginning in rebellion in the Azores and parts of Portugal 15 Mar 1830) 15 Nov 1853 - 11 Nov 1861 Pedro V (b. 1837 - d. 1861) 19 Dec 1853 - 16 Sep 1855 Fernando II (b. 1816 - d. 1885) (titular king, regent for Pedro V) 11 Nov 1861 - 19 Oct 1889 Lu�s I "o Popular" (b. 1838 - d. 1889) 19 Oct 1889 - 1 Feb 1908� Carlos I (b. 1863 - d. 1908) 1 Feb 1908 - 5 Oct 1910 Manuel II (b. 1889 - d. 1932) Presidents 5 Oct 1910 - 24 Aug 1911 Te�filo Braga (1st time) (b. 1843 - d. 1924) (president of Provisional Government) 24 Aug 1911 - 29 May 1915 Manuel Jos� de Arriaga Brum da Silveira e Peyrelongue (b. 1840 - d. 1917) 29 May 1915 - 5 Oct 1915 Te�filo Braga (2nd time) (s.a.) 5 Oct 1915 - 12 Dec 1917 Bernardino Lu�s Machado Guimar�es (1st time) (b. 1851 - d. 1944) 12 Dec 1917 - 14 Dec 1918 Sid�nio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (b. 1872 - d. 1918) (president of Revolutionary Junta 8-27 Dec 1917; acting president 27 Dec 1917 - 9 May 1918) 14 Dec 1918 - 15 Dec 1918 Council of Ministers (acting) - Jo�o do Canto e Castro Silva Antunes (b. 1862 - d. 1934) - Ant�nio Bernardino de Sousa Ferreira - Ant�nio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz (b. 1874 - d. 1955) - �lvaro C�sar de Mendon�a (b. 1875 - d. 1959) - Jorge Couceiro da Costa (b. 1858 - d. 1937) - Jo�o Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa (b. 1883 - d. 1948) - Alexandre Jos� Botelho de Vasconcelos e S� (b. 1872 - d. 1929) - Jo�o Alberto Pereira de Azevedo Neves (b. 1877 - d. 1955) - Jos� Alfredo Mendes de Magalh�es (b. 1870 - d. 1957) - Eduardo Fernandes de Oliveira (b. 1882 - d. 1943) - Henrique Forbes de Bessa - Jos� Jo�o Pinto da Cruz Azevedo (b. 1888 - d. 1964) 15 Dec 1918 - 5 Oct 1919 Jo�o do Canto e Castro Silva Antunes (acting to 16 Dec 1918) (s.a.) 5 Oct 1919 - 5 Oct 1923 Ant�nio Jos� de Almeida (b. 1866 - d. 1929) 5 Oct 1923 - 11 Dec 1925 Manuel Teixeira Gomes (b. 1860 - d. 1941) 11 Dec 1925 - 2 Jun 1926 Bernardino Lu�s Machado Guimar�es (2nd time) (s.a.) 2 Jun 1926 - 19 Jun 1926 Jos� Mendes Cabe�adas J�nior (b. 1883 - d. 1965) (acting) 19 Jun 1926 - 9 Jul 1926 Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa (b. 1863 - d. 1929) (acting) 9 Jul 1926 - 18 Apr 1951 Ant�nio �scar de Fragoso Carmona (b. 1869 - d. 1951) (acting to 29 Nov 1926; interim 29 Nov 1926 - 15 Apr 1928) 18 Apr 1951 - 9 Aug 1951 Ant�nio de Oliveira Salazar (b. 1889 - d. 1970) (acting) 9 Aug 1951 - 9 Aug 1958 Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes (b. 1894 - d. 1964) 9 Aug 1958 - 25 Apr 1974 Am�rico de Deus Rodrigues Tom�s (b. 1894 - d. 1987) 25 Apr 1974 - 30 Sep 1974 Ant�nio de Sp�nola (b. 1910 - d. 1996) (chairman Junta of National Salvation to 15 May 1974) 30 Sep 1974 - 14 Jul 1976 Francisco da Costa Gomes (b. 1914 - d. 2001) 14 Jul 1976 - 9 Mar 1986 Ant�nio dos Santos Ramalho Eanes (b. 1935) 9 Mar 1986 - 9 Mar 1996 M�rio Soares (b. 1924 - d. 2017) 9 Mar 1996 - 9 Mar 2006 Jorge Sampaio (b. 1939 - d. 2021) 9 Mar 2006 - 9 Mar 2016 An�bal Cavaco Silva (b. 1939) 9 Mar 2016 - Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (b. 1948)
Prime ministers 24 Sep 1834 - 27 May 1835 Pedro de Sousa Holstein, marqu�s e conde de Palmela (1st time) (b. 1781 - d. 1850) 27 May 1835 - 18 Nov 1835 Jo�o Carlos Greg�rio Domingues Vicente Francisco de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, marqu�s e conde de Saldanha (1st time) (b. 1790 - d. 1876) 18 Nov 1835 - 20 Apr 1836 Jos� Jorge Loureiro (b. 1791 - d. 1860) 20 Apr 1836 - 10 Sep 1836 Ant�nio Jos� de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha, duque de Terceira, marqu�s e conde de Vila Flor (1st time) (b. 1792 - d. 1860) 10 Sep 1836 - 4 Nov 1836 Jos� Manuel In�cio da Cunha Faro Meneses Portugal da Gama Carneiro e Sousa, conde de Lumiares (b. 1788 - d. 1849) 4 Nov 1836 - 5 Nov 1836 Jos� Bernardino de Portugal e Castro, marqu�s de Valen�a, conde de Vimioso (b. 1780 - d. 1840) 5 Nov 1836 - 2 Jun 1837 Bernardo de S� Nogueira de Figueiredo, visconde e bar�o de S� da Bandeira (1st time) (b. 1795 - d. 1876) 2 Jun 1837 - 10 Aug 1837 Ant�nio Dias de Oliveira (b. 1804 - d. 1863) 10 Aug 1837 - 18 Apr 1839 Bernardo de S� Nogueira de Figueiredo, visconde e bar�o de S� da Bandeira (2nd time) (s.a.) 18 Apr 1839 - 26 Sep 1839 Rodrigo Pinto Pizarro Pimentel de Almeida Carvalhais, bar�o da Ribeira de Sabrosa (b. 1788 - d. 1841) 26 Sep 1839 - 9 Jul 1841 Jos� L�cio Travassos Valdez, conde e bar�o de Bonfim (b. 1787 - d. 1862) 9 Jul 1841 - 7 Feb 1842 Joaquim Ant�nio de Aguiar (1st time) (b. 1792 - d. 1884) 7 Feb 1842 - 9 Feb 1842 Pedro de Sousa Holstein, duque, marqu�s e conde de Palmela (2nd time) (s.a.) 9 Feb 1842 - 20 May 1846 Ant�nio Jos� de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha, duque de Terceira, marqu�s e conde de Vila Flor (2nd time) (s.a.) 20 May 1846 - 6 Oct 1846 Pedro de Sousa Holstein, duque, marqu�s e conde de Palmela (3rd time) (s.a.) 6 Oct 1846 - 18 Jun 1849 Jo�o Carlos Greg�rio Domingues Vicente Francisco de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, duque (from 4 Nov 1846), marqu�s e conde de Saldanha (2nd time) (s.a.) 18 Jun 1849 - 26 Apr 1851 Ant�nio Bernardo da Costa Cabral, conde de Tomar (b. 1803 - d. 1889) 26 Apr 1851 - 1 May 1851 Ant�nio Jos� de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha, duque de Terceira, marqu�s e conde de Vila Flor (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 May 1851 - 6 Jun 1856 Jo�o Carlos Greg�rio Domingues Vicente Francisco de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, duque, marqu�s e conde de Saldanha (3rd time) (s.a.) 6 Jun 1856 - 16 Mar 1859 Nuno Jos� Severo de Mendo�a Rolim de Moura Barreto, marqu�s de Loul�, conde de Vale de Reis (1st time) (b. 1804 - d. 1875) 16 Mar 1859 - 1 May 1860 Ant�nio Jos� de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha, duque de Terceira, marqu�s e conde de Vila Flor (4th time) (s.a.) 1 May 1860 - 4 Jul 1860 Joaquim Ant�nio de Aguiar (2nd time) (s.a.) 4 Jul 1860 - 17 Apr 1865 Nuno Jos� Severo de Mendo�a Rolim de Moura Barreto, duque (from 3 Oct 1862) e marqu�s de Loul�, conde de Vale de Reis (2nd time) (s.a.) 17 Apr 1865 - 4 Sep 1865 Bernardo de S� Nogueira de Figueiredo, marqu�s, visconde e bar�o de S� da Bandeira (3rd time) (s.a.) 4 Sep 1865 - 4 Jan 1868 Joaquim Ant�nio de Aguiar (3rd time) (s.a.) 4 Jan 1868 - 22 Jul 1868 Ant�nio Jos� de �vila, conde de �vila (1st time) (b. 1806 - d. 1881) 22 Jul 1868 - 11 Aug 1869 Bernardo de S� Nogueira de Figueiredo, marqu�s, visconde e bar�o de S� da Bandeira (4th time) (s.a.) 11 Aug 1869 - 19 May 1870 Nuno Jos� Severo de Mendo�a Rolim de Moura Barreto, duque e marqu�s de Loul�, conde de Vale de Reis (3rd time) (s.a.) 19 May 1870 - 29 Aug 1870 Jo�o Carlos Greg�rio Domingues Vicente Francisco de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, duque, marqu�s e conde de Saldanha (4th time) (s.a.) 30 Aug 1870 - 29 Oct 1870 Bernardo de S� Nogueira de Figueiredo, marqu�s, visconde e bar�o de S� da Bandeira (5th time) (s.a.) 29 Oct 1870 - 13 Sep 1871 Ant�nio Jos� de �vila, marqu�s de �vila e Bolama, conde de �vila (2nd time) (s.a.) 13 Sep 1871 - 6 Mar 1877 Ant�nio Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (1st time) (b. 1819 - d. 1887) 6 Mar 1877 - 26 Jan 1878 Ant�nio Jos� de �vila, marqu�s de �vila e Bolama, conde de �vila (3rd time) (s.a.) 26 Jan 1878 - 29 May 1879 Ant�nio Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (2nd time) (s.a.) 29 May 1879 - 23 Mar 1881 Anselmo Jos� Braamcamp (b. 1819 - d. 1885) 23 Mar 1881 - 14 Nov 1881 Ant�nio Rodrigues Sampaio (b. 1806 - d. 1882) 14 Nov 1881 - 16 Feb 1886 Ant�nio Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (3rd time) (s.a.) 16 Feb 1886 - 14 Jan 1890 Jos� Luciano de Castro Pereira Corte-Real (1st time) (b. 1834 - d. 1914) 14 Jan 1890 - 11 Oct 1890 Ant�nio de Serpa Pimentel (b. 1825 - d. 1900) 11 Oct 1890 - 18 Jan 1892 Jo�o Cris�stomo de Abreu e Sousa (b. 1811 - d. 1895) 18 Jan 1892 - 22 Feb 1893 Jos� Dias Ferreira (b. 1837 - d. 1909) 22 Feb 1893 - 5 Feb 1897 Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro (1st time) (b. 1849 - d. 1907) 5 Feb 1897 - 26 Jul 1900 Jos� Luciano de Castro Pereira Corte-Real (2nd time) (s.a.) 26 Jul 1900 - 20 Oct 1904 Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro (2nd time) (s.a.) 20 Oct 1904 - 19 Mar 1906 Jos� Luciano de Castro Pereira Corte-Real (3rd time) (s.a.) 19 Mar 1906 - 19 May 1906 Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro (3rd time) (s.a.) 19 May 1906 - 4 Feb 1908 Jo�o Franco (b. 1855 - d. 1929) 4 Feb 1908 - 26 Dec 1908 Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral (b. 1844 - d. 1923) 26 Dec 1908 - 11 Apr 1909 Artur Alberto de Campos Henriques (b. 1853 - d. 1922) 11 Apr 1909 - 14 May 1909 Sebasti�o Cust�dio de Sousa Teles (b. 1847 - d. 1921) 14 May 1909 - 22 Dec 1909 Venceslau de Sousa Pereira de Lima (b. 1858 - d. 1919) 22 Dec 1909 - 26 Jun 1910 Francisco Ant�nio de Veiga Beir�o (b. 1841 - d. 1916) 26 Jun 1910 - 4 Oct 1910 Ant�nio Teixeira de Sousa (b. 1857 - d. 1917) 4 Sep 1911 - 13 Nov 1911 Jo�o Pinheiro Chagas (b. 1863 - d. 1925) 13 Nov 1911 - 16 Jun 1912 Augusto C�sar de Almeida Vasconcelos Correia (b. 1867 - d. 1951) 16 Jun 1912 - 9 Jan 1913 Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva (b. 1864 - d. 1950) 9 Jan 1913 - 9 Feb 1914 Afonso Augusto da Costa (1st time) (b. 1871 - d. 1937) 9 Feb 1914 - 12 Dec 1914 Bernardino Lu�s Machado Guimar�es (1st time) (s.a.) 12 Dec 1914 - 28 Jan 1915 V�tor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho (b. 1871 - d. 1955) 28 Jan 1915 - 14 May 1915 Joaquim Pereira Pimenta de Castro (b. 1846 - d. 1918) 14 May 1915 - 17 May 1915 Constitutional Junta - Jos� Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (b. 1867 - d. 1955) - Ant�nio Maria da Silva (b. 1872 - d. 1950) - Jos� de Freitas Ribeiro (b. 1868 - d. 1929) - Alfredo Ernesto de S� Cardoso (b. 1864 - d. 1950) - �lvaro de Castro (b. 1878 - d. 1928) 17 May 1915 - 29 Nov 1915 Jos� de Castro (b. 1848 - d. 1929) 29 Nov 1915 - 16 Mar 1916 Afonso Augusto da Costa (2nd time) (s.a.) 16 Mar 1916 - 25 Apr 1917 Ant�nio Jos� de Almeida (s.a.) 25 Apr 1917 - 8 Dec 1917 Afonso Augusto da Costa (3rd time) (s.a.) 11 Dec 1917 - 9 May 1918 Sid�nio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (s.a.) 15 Dec 1918 - 16 Dec 1918 Jo�o do Canto e Castro Silva Antunes (s.a.) 23 Dec 1918 - 27 Jan 1919 Jo�o Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa (s.a.) 19 Jan 1919 - 13 Feb 1919 Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Couceiro (b. 1861 - d. 1944) (chairman Governing Junta of the Kingdom of Portugal [in the name of Manuel II], in Porto and much of the North) 27 Jan 1919 - 30 Mar 1919 Jos� Carlos de Mascarenhas Relvas (b. 1858 - d. 1929) 30 Mar 1919 - 30 Jun 1919 Domingos Leite Pereira (1st time) (b. 1882 - d. 1956) 30 Jun 1919 - 21 Jan 1920 Alfredo Ernesto de S� Cardoso (s.a.) 21 Jan 1920 - 8 Mar 1920 Domingos Leite Pereira (2nd time) (s.a.) 8 Mar 1920 - 6 Jun 1920 Ant�nio Maria Baptista (b. 1866 - d. 1920) 6 Jun 1920 - 26 Jun 1920 Jos� Ramos Preto (acting) (b. 1871 - d. 1949) 26 Jun 1920 - 19 Jul 1920 Ant�nio Maria da Silva (1st time) (s.a.) 19 Jul 1920 - 20 Nov 1920 Ant�nio Joaquim Granjo (1st time) (b. 1881 - d. 1921) 20 Nov 1920 - 30 Nov 1920 �lvaro de Castro (1st time) (s.a.) 30 Nov 1920 - 2 Mar 1921 Liberato Dami�o Ribeiro Pinto (b. 1880 - d. 1949) 2 Mar 1921 - 23 May 1921 Bernardino Lu�s Machado Guimar�es (2nd time) (s.a.) 23 May 1921 - 30 Aug 1921 Tom� Jos� de Barros Queir�s (b. 1872 - d. 1926) 30 Aug 1921 - 19 Oct 1921 Ant�nio Joaquim Granjo (2nd time) (s.a.) 19 Oct 1921 - 5 Nov 1921 Manuel Maria Coelho (b. 1857 - d. 1943) 5 Nov 1921 - 16 Dec 1921 Carlos Henrique da Silva Maia Pinto (b. 1866 - d. 1932) 16 Dec 1921 - 7 Feb 1922 Francisco Pinto da Cunha Leal (b. 1888 - d. 1970) 7 Feb 1922 - 15 Nov 1923 Ant�nio Maria da Silva (2nd time) (s.a.) 15 Nov 1923 - 18 Dec 1923 Ant�nio Ginestal Machado (b. 1874 - d. 1940) 18 Dec 1923 - 7 Jul 1924 �lvaro de Castro (2nd time) (s.a.) 7 Jul 1924 - 22 Nov 1924 Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar (b. 1865 - d. 1938) 22 Nov 1924 - 15 Feb 1925 Jos� Domingues dos Santos (b. 1885 - d. 1958) 15 Feb 1925 - 1 Jul 1925 Vitorino M�ximo de Carvalho Guimar�es (b. 1876 - d. 1957) 1 Jul 1925 - 1 Aug 1925 Ant�nio Maria da Silva (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Aug 1925 - 18 Dec 1925 Domingos Leite Pereira (3rd time) (s.a.) 18 Dec 1925 - 30 May 1926 Ant�nio Maria da Silva (4th time) (s.a.) 30 May 1926 - 19 Jun 1926 Jos� Mendes Cabe�adas J�nior (s.a.) 19 Jun 1926 - 9 Jul 1926 Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa (s.a.) 9 Jul 1926 - 18 Apr 1928 Ant�nio �scar de Fragoso Carmona (s.a.) 18 Apr 1928 - 8 Jul 1929 Jos� Vicente de Freitas (b. 1869 - d. 1952) 8 Jul 1929 - 21 Jan 1930 Artur Ivens Ferraz (b. 1870 - d. 1933) 21 Jan 1930 - 5 Jul 1932 Domingos Augusto Alves da Costa e Oliveira (b. 1873 - d. 1957) 5 Jul 1932 - 27 Sep 1968 Ant�nio de Oliveira Salazar (s.a.) 27 Sep 1968 - 25 Apr 1974 Marcelo Caetano (b. 1906 - d. 1980) 16 May 1974 - 18 Jul 1974 Adelino da Palma Carlos (b. 1905 - d. 1992) 18 Jul 1974 - 19 Sep 1975 Vasco dos Santos Gon�alves (b. 1921 - d. 2005) 19 Sep 1975 - 23 Jul 1976 Jos� Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo (b. 1917 - d. 1983) 24 Jun 1976 - 23 Jul 1976 Vasco Almeida e Costa (b. 1932 - d. 2010) (acting for Azevedo) 23 Jul 1976 - 28 Aug 1978 M�rio Soares (1st time) (s.a.) 28 Aug 1978 - 22 Nov 1978 Alfredo Nobre da Costa (b. 1923 - d. 1996) 22 Nov 1978 - 1 Aug 1979 Carlos Mota Pinto (b. 1936 - d. 1985) 1 Aug 1979 - 3 Jan 1980 Maria de Lurdes Pintassilgo (f) (b. 1930 - d. 2004) 3 Jan 1980 - 4 Dec 1980 Francisco S� Carneiro (b. 1934 - d. 1980) 4 Dec 1980 - 9 Jan 1981 Diogo Freitas do Amaral (acting) (b. 1941 - d. 2019) 9 Jan 1981 - 9 Jun 1983 Francisco Pinto Balsem�o (b. 1937) 9 Jun 1983 - 6 Nov 1985 M�rio Soares (2nd time) (s.a.) 6 Nov 1985 - 30 Oct 1995 An�bal Cavaco Silva (s.a.) 30 Oct 1995 - 6 Apr 2002 Ant�nio Guterres (b. 1949) 6 Apr 2002 - 17 Jul 2004 Jos� Manuel Dur�o Barroso (b. 1956) 17 Jul 2004 - 12 Mar 2005 Pedro Santana Lopes (b. 1956) 12 Mar 2005 - 21 Jun 2011 Jos� S�crates (b. 1957) 21 Jun 2011 - 26 Nov 2015 Pedro Passos Coelho (b. 1964) 26 Nov 2015 - 2 Apr 2024 Ant�nio Costa (b. 1961) 2 Apr 2024 - Lu�s Montenegro (b. 1973)
�The immediate agent of French authority (apparently without a specific style) was Jean-Andoche Junot (b. 1771 - d. 1813), titled duc d'Abrant�s (duque de Abrantes).
�The style of the ruler was:
(a) 1499 - 16 Dec 1815, 13 May 1825 - 10 Sep 1836, 10 Feb 1842 - 5 Oct 1910: Por gra�a de Deus, Rei/Rainha de Portugal e dos Algarves de aqu�m e de al�m-mar em �frica, Senhor/Senhora de Guin� e da Conquista, Navega��o e Com�rcio da Eti�pia, Ar�bia, P�rsia, e da �ndia ("By the grace of God, King/Queen of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord/Lady of Guinea and of the Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and India");
(b) 16 Dec 1815 - 26 Feb 1821, 2 Jun 1823 - 13 May 1825: Por gra�a de Deus, Rei/Rainha do Reino Unido de Portugal, e do Brasil, e Algarves de aqu�m e de al�m mar em �frica, Senhor/Senhora de Guin� e da Conquista, Navega��o e Com�rcio da Eti�pia, Ar�bia, P�rsia, e da �ndia;
(c) 26 Feb 1821 - 2 Jun 1823: Por gra�a de Deus e pela constitui��o da monarquia, Rei do Reino-Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarve de aqu�m e de al�m-mar em �frica, Senhor de Guin� e da Conquista, Navega��o e Com�rcio da Eti�pia, Ar�bia, P�rsia, e da �ndia;
(d) 10 Sep 1836 - 10 Feb 1842: Por gra�a de Deus e pela constitui��o da monarquia, Rei/Rainha de Portugal e Algarves de aqu�m e de al�m-mar em �frica, Senhor/Senhora de Guin� e da Conquista, Navega��o e Com�rcio da Eti�pia, Ar�bia, P�rsia, e da �ndia.
�The heir apparent, Lu�s Filipe (b. 1887 - d. 1908), assassinated with Carlos I on 1 Feb 1908, outlived Carlos I by minutes, but was neither proclaimed nor recorded as king.
- Ministries, etc. (from 1945)
Azores
1427 Portuguese possessions (Terceira, Faial-Pico, S�o Miguel,
Flores-Corvo, Graciosa, Santa Maria)2 Aug 1766 islands united (Captaincy-General of the Azores) 4 Jun 1832 overseas province 28 Jun 1833 divided into two overseas provinces (Oriental and Ocidental) 18 Jul 1835 status changed to districts 28 Mar 1836 divided into three districts (Angra do Hero�smo, Horta, Ponta Delgada) 27 Aug 1975 Regional Junta governs all islands 27 Aug 1976 autonomous region
Captains-general 7 Oct 1766 - 1776 Ant�o de Almada (b. 1718 - d. 1797) 21 Apr 1776 - 3 Dec 1793 Dinis Greg�rio de Melo Castro e Mendon�a (b. ... - d. 1793) Dec 1793 - 1795 Jos� da Av� Maria Leite da Costa e Silva (b. 1727 - d. 1799) (head of interim government) 1795 - 1798 Lu�s de Moura Furtado (head of interim government) 30 Oct 1799 - Oct 1804 Louren�o Jos� Boaventura de Almada, conde de Almada (b. 1757 - d. 1815) 17 Oct 1804 - 1806 Jos� Ant�nio de Melo da Silva C�sar de Meneses, marqu�s de Sabugosa (b. 1763 - d. 1839) 10 May 1806 - 1810 Miguel Ant�nio de Melo (b. 1766 - d. 1836) 9 Sep 1810 - 14 May 1817 Aires Pinto de Sousa Coutinho 14 May 1817 - 1820 Francisco Ant�nio de Ara�jo (1st time) (b. 1772 - d. 1821) 18 Oct 1820 - 2 Apr 1821 Francisco de Borja Gar��o Stockler (1st time) (b. 1759 - d. 1829) 2 Apr 1821 - 4 Apr 1821 Francisco Ant�nio de Ara�jo (2nd time) (s.a.) 4 Apr 1821 - 21 May 1821 Francisco de Borja Gar��o Stockler (2nd time) (s.a.) 15 May 1821 - Aug 1823 Provisional Junta of Supreme Government - Jos� Leite Botelho de Teive - Jos� Francisco do Canto e Castro - Alexandre de Gamboa Loureiro - Ant�nio Maria Os�rio Cabral (b. 1785 - d. 1858) Aug 1823 - 19 Nov 1823 Interim Government Junta - Jo�o Pereira Forjaz de Lacerda (b. 1771 - d. 1841) - Roberto Lu�s de Mesquita Pimentel (b. 1785 - d. 1870) - Lu�s de Meireles do Canto e Castro (b. 1785 - d. 1854) 19 Nov 1823 - Jul 1824 Francisco de Borja Gar��o Stockler, bar�o da Vila da Praia (3rd time) (s.a.) Jul 1824 - 22 Jun 1828 Manoel Vieira de Albuquerque Tovar (b. 1776 - d. 1833) 1828 - 1831 Henrique da Fonseca de Sousa Prego (for the Miguelist party, in Ponta Delgada) 23 Jun 1829 - 4 Jun 1832 Ant�nio Jos� de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha, marqu�s e conde de Vila Flor (b. 1792 - d. 1860) (for the Liberal party, in Angra do Hero�smo) Ministers of the Republic 27 Aug 1976 - 11 Sep 1978 Oct�vio de Carvalho Galv�o de Figueiredo 11 Sep 1978 - 28 Apr 1981 Henrique Afonso da Silva Horta (b. 1920 - d. 2012) 28 Apr 1981 - 12 Jul 1986 Tom�s George Concei��o e Silva (b. 1933 - d. 2021) 12 Jul 1986 - 20 Apr 1991 Vasco Rocha Vieira (b. 1939) 20 Apr 1991 - 7 Oct 1997 M�rio Fernando de Campos Pinto 7 Oct 1997 - 27 Mar 2003 Alberto Manuel de Sequeira Leal Sampaio da N�voa (b. 1927 - d. 2022) 27 Mar 2003 - 30 Mar 2006 �lvaro Laborinho L�cio (b. 1941) Representatives of the Republic 30 Mar 2006 - 11 Apr 2011 Jos� Ant�nio Mesquita (b. 1936) 11 Apr 2011 - Pedro Manuel dos Reis Alves Catarino (b. 1941)
President of the Regional Junta 27 Aug 1975 - 8 Sep 1976 Altino Pinto de Magalh�es (b. 1922 - d. 2019) Presidents of the Government 8 Sep 1976 - 20 Oct 1995 Jo�o Bosco Soares Mota Amaral (b. 1943) 20 Oct 1995 - 9 Nov 1996 Alberto Rom�o Madruga da Costa (b. 1940 - d. 2014) 9 Nov 1996 - 6 Nov 2012 Carlos C�sar (b. 1956) 6 Nov 2012 - 24 Nov 2020 Vasco Cordeiro (b. 1973) 24 Nov 2020 - Jos� Manuel Bolieiro (b. 1965)
Madeira
1420 Portuguese colonies (Funchal, Machico, Porto Santo)
1580 Madeira a united colony
1801 - 1802 British occupation
1807 - 1814 British occupation
1834 overseas district27 Aug 1976 autonomous region
Captains-general 27 Apr 1695 - 1701 Ant�nio Jorge de Melo 12 Jun 1701 - 8 Mar 1704 Jo�o da Costa de Ata�de e Azevedo (b. 16... - d. 1704) 29 Apr 1704 - 1712 Duarte Sodr� Pereira 1 Oct 1712 - 1715 Pedro �lvares da Cunha (b. 1658 - d. 1728) 27 Jun 1715 - 1718 Jo�o de Saldanha da Gama 5 Oct 1718 - 27 Jul 1724 Jorge Martins de Sousa e Meneses 27 Jul 1724 - 27 Sep 1727 Francisco da Costa Freire 27 Sep 1727 - 21 Apr 1734 Filipe de Alar��o Mascarenhas 21 Apr 1734 - 6 Jun 1737 Jo�o de Abreu Castelo Branco 6 Jun 1737 - 27 May 1747 Francisco Pedro de Mendon�a Gorj�o (b. 1686 - d. 1767) 27 May 1747 - 22 Aug 1751 Jo�o do Nascimento 22 Aug 1751 - 15 May 1754 �lvaro Jos� Xavier Botelho de T�vora (b. 1708 - d. 1789) 16 May 1754 - 1756 Manuel de Saldanha e Albuquerque (b. 1712 - d. 1771) 13 Feb 1757 - 27 May 1759 Gaspar Afonso da Costa Brand�o (b. ... - d. 1784) 27 May 1759 - 1767 Jos� Correia de S� 1767 - 1777 Jo�o Ant�nio de S� Pereira (b. 1730 - d. 1804) 1777 - 1781 Jo�o Gon�alves da Cam�ra Coutinho 1781 - 1798 Diogo Pereira Fojarz Coutinho 1798 - 1800 ... 1800 - 1803 Jos� Manuel de Cam�ra Jul 1801 - Mar 1802 Sir William Clinton (b. 1769 - d. 1846) (British governor) 1803 - 1807 Ascenso de Sequeira Freire 1807 - 1813 Pedro Facundes Bacelar de Antas e Meneses Nov 1807 - May 1809 William Carr Beresford (b. 1768 - d. 1854) (British governor) 1813 - 1814 Lu�s Beltr�o de Gouveia e Almeida 1815 - 1819 Flor�ncio Jos� Correia de Melo 1819 - 1821 Sebasti�o Xavier Botelho (b. 1768 - d. 1840) 1821 - Apr 1822 Rodrigo Ant�nio de Melo Apr 1822 - 1823 Ant�nio Manuel de Noronha (b. 1772 - d. 18...) 1823 - 1827 Manoel de Portugal e Castro (b. 1787 - d. 1854) 1827 - 1828 Jos� L�cio Travassos Vald�s 1828 - 1830 Jos� Maria Monteiro 1830 - 1834 �lvaro da Costa de Sousa de Macedo (b. 1789 - d. 18...) Ministers of the Republic 27 Aug 1976 - 31 Oct 1991 Lino Dias Miguel (b. 1936 - d. 2022) 31 Oct 1991 - 7 Oct 1997 Artur Aur�lio Teixeira Rodrigues Consolado (b. 1932) 7 Oct 1997 - 30 Mar 2006 Antero Alves Monteiro Diniz (b. 1936) Representatives of the Republic 30 Mar 2006 - 11 Apr 2011 Antero Alves Monteiro Diniz (s.a.) 11 Apr 2011 - Ireneu Cabral Barreto (b. 1941)
Presidents of the Government 19 Nov 1976 - 17 Mar 1978 Jaime Ornelas Camacho (b. 1921 - d. 2016) 17 Mar 1978 - 20 Apr 2015 Alberto Jo�o Jardim (b. 1943) 20 Apr 2015 - Miguel Albuquerque (b. 1961)
Portuguese Guinea: see Guinea-Bissau.
Portuguese India: see under India.
Prussia: see under German states before 1945.
Puerto Rico
1508 Spanish colony25 Jul 1898 occupied by U.S. 10 Dec 1898 ceded to U.S. by Spain; spelled Porto Rico until 17 May 1932 2 Mar 1917 U.S. territory 25 Jul 1952 commonwealth status
Governors 17 Oct 1699 - 21 Jun 1700 Gaspar de Arredondo (2nd time) (acting) 21 Jun 1700 - 23 Jul 1703 Gabriel Guti�rrez de Riva (b. 16... - d. 1703) 23 Jul 1703 - 12 Oct 1703 Diego Jim�nez de Villar�n (acting) 12 Oct 1703 - 25 Oct 1703 Gaspar de Olivares + Andr�s Monta�ez (alcaldes ordinarios) 25 Oct 1703 - 27 Jul 1705 Francisco S�nchez Calder�n (acting) 27 Jul 1705 - 26 Mar 1706 Pedro de Arroyo Guerrero (acting) 26 Mar 1706 - 24 Dec 1708 Juan L�pez de Morla (acting) 24 Dec 1708 - 18 Jul 1711 Francisco Dan�o Granados (1st time) 18 Jul 1711 - 3 May 1716 Juan de Rivera 3 May 1716 - 30 Aug 1716 Jos� Francisco Carre�o (acting) 30 Aug 1716 - 7 Apr 1720 Alberto Bertodano 7 Apr 1720 - 22 Aug 1724 Francisco Dan�o Granados (2nd time) 22 Aug 1724 - 11 Oct 1731 Jos� Antonio de Mendiz�bal 11 Oct 1731 - 28 Jun 1743 Mat�as de Abad�a 28 Jun 1743 - 29 Oct 1743 Domingo P�rez de Nandares (acting) 29 Oct 1743 - 11 Aug 1750 Juan Jos� Colomo 11 Aug 1750 - 8 Jul 1751 Agust�n de Pareja (b. ... - d. 1751) 8 Jul 1751 - 1 May 1753 Esteban Bravo de Rivero (1st time) (acting) 1 May 1753 - 30 Aug 1757 Felipe Ram�rez de Estenos 30 Aug 1757 - 3 Jun 1759 Esteban Bravo de Rivero (2nd time) (acting) 3 Jun 1759 - 7 Mar 1760 Mateo de Guazo Calder�n (b. ... - d. 1760) 7 Mar 1760 - 29 Nov 1760 Esteban Bravo de Rivero (3rd time) (acting) 29 Nov 1760 - 12 Mar 1766 Ambrosio de Benavides (b. 1718 - d. 1787) 12 Mar 1766 - 28 Oct 1766 Marcos de Vergara 28 Oct 1766 - 31 Jul 1770 Jos� Tentor (acting) 31 Jul 1770 - 2 Jun 1776 Miguel de Muesas (b. 1715 - d. 1789) 2 Jun 1776 - 6 Apr 1783 Jos� Dufresne 6 Apr 1783 - 27 May 1789 Juan Dab�n (b. 1724 - d. 1793) 27 May 1789 - 8 Jul 1789 Francisco Torralbo (1st time) (acting) 8 Jul 1789 - 27 Mar 1792 Miguel Antonio de Ustariz (b. ... - d. 1792) 27 Mar 1792 - 1794 Francisco Torralbo (2nd time) (acting) 1794 - 21 Mar 1795 Enrique Grimarest 21 Mar 1795 - 12 Nov 1804 Ram�n de Castro y Guti�rrez 12 Nov 1804 - 30 Jun 1809 Toribio de Montes (b. 1749 - d. 1829) 30 Jun 1809 - 24 Mar 1820 Salvador Mel�ndez Bruna (b. 1764 - d. 1840) 24 Mar 1820 - 7 Aug 1820 Juan Vasco y Pascual 7 Aug 1820 - 12 Feb 1822 Gonzalo de Ar�stegui y Herrera (b. 1771 - d. 1828) 12 Feb 1822 - 30 May 1822 Jos� de Navarro (acting) 30 May 1822 - 4 Dec 1823 Francisco Gonz�lez de Linares 4 Dec 1823 - 14 Jan 1837 Miguel de la Torre, (from 1836) conde de Torrepando (b. 1786 - d. 1843) 14 Jan 1837 - 15 Dec 1837 Francisco Javier de Moreda y Prieto 15 Dec 1837 - 2 Oct 1840 Miguel Lop�z de Ba�os 2 Oct 1840 - 24 Apr 1844 Santiago M�ndez de Vigo (b. 1790 - d. 1860) 24 Apr 1844 - 15 Dec 1847 Rafael de Ar�stegui y V�lez, conde de Mirasol (b. 1794 - d. 1863) 15 Dec 1847 - 5 Sep 1848 Juan Prim y Prats, conde de Reus, vizconde del Bruch (b. 1814 - d. 1870) 5 Sep 1848 - 21 Apr 1851 Juan de la Pezuela y Cevallos, marqu�s de la Pezuela (b. 1809 - d. 1906) 21 Apr 1851 - 4 May 1852 Enrique de Espa�a y Taberner, marqu�s de Espa�a, bar�n de Ramefort 4 May 1852 - 31 Jan 1855 Fernando de Norzagaray y Escudero (b. 1808 - d. 1860) 31 Jan 1855 - 23 Aug 1855 Andr�s Garc�a Camba (b. 1793 - d. 1861) 23 Aug 1855 - 28 Jan 1857 Jos� Lemery e Ibarrola Ney y Gonz�les (b. 1811 - d. 1886) 28 Jan 1857 - 13 Jul 1860 Fernando Cotoner y Chac�n (b. 1810 - d. 1888) 13 Jul 1860 - 19 Aug 1860 Sabino Gamir Maladen (acting) 19 Aug 1860 - 12 Mar 1862 Rafael de Echag�e Bermingham (b. 1815 - d. 1887) 12 Mar 1862 - 29 Apr 1862 Rafael Izquierdo Guti�rrez (b. 1820 - d. 1882) (acting) 29 Apr 1862 - 18 Nov 1865 F�lix Mar�a de Messina Iglesias (b. 1798 - d. 1872) 18 Nov 1865 - 17 Dec 1867 Jos� Mar�a Marchesi Oleaga (b. 1801 - d. 1882) 17 Dec 1867 - 30 Dec 1868 Juli�n Juan Pav�a Lacy 30 Dec 1868 - 28 May 1870 Jos� Laureano Sanz y Posse (1st time) (b. 1822 - d. 1898) 28 May 1870 - 13 Sep 1871 Gabriel Baldrich i Palau (b. 1814 - d. 1885) 13 Sep 1871 - 30 Jul 1872 Ram�n G�mez Pulido (b. 1811 - d. 1875) 30 Jul 1872 - 25 Nov 1872 Sim�n de la Torre (b. 1803 - d. 1886) 25 Nov 1872 - 14 Feb 1873 Joaqu�n Enrile Hern�n (acting) 14 Feb 1873 - 14 Apr 1873 Juan Mart�nez Plowes 14 Apr 1873 - 2 Feb 1874 Rafael Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte (b. 1813 - d. 1902) 2 Feb 1874 - 15 Dec 1875 Jos� Laureano Sanz y Posse (2nd time) (s.a.) 15 Dec 1875 - 25 Oct 1877 Segundo de la Portilla Guti�rrez (1st time) 25 Oct 1877 - 26 Apr 1878 Manuel de la Serna y Hern�ndez Pinz�n, marqu�s de Ir�n (b. 1804 - d. 1878) 26 Apr 1878 - 24 Jun 1878 Jos� Gamir Maladen (1st time) (acting) 24 Jun 1878 - 6 Jul 1881 Eulogio Despujol y Dusay, conde de Caspe (b. 1834 - d. 1907) 6 Jul 1881 - 23 Nov 1882 Segundo de la Portilla Guti�rrez (2nd time) 23 Nov 1882 - 31 Jul 1884 Miguel de la Vega Incl�n, marqu�s de la Vega Incl�n (b. 1820 - d. 1884) 31 Jul 1884 - 19 Sep 1884 Carlos Suances Campos (1st time) (acting) 19 Sep 1884 - 1 Nov 1884 Ram�n Fajardo Izquierdo 1 Nov 1884 - 23 Nov 1884 Carlos Suances Campos (2nd time) (acting) 23 Nov 1884 - 10 Jan 1887 Luis Dab�n y Ram�rez de Arellano (b. 1841 - d. 1892) 10 Jan 1887 - 23 Mar 1887 Juan Contreras Mart�nez (1st time) (b. 1834 - d. 1907) 23 Mar 1887 - 11 Nov 1887 Romualdo Palacio Gonz�lez (b. 1827 - d. 1908) 11 Nov 1887 - 23 Feb 1888 Juan Contreras Mart�nez (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 23 Feb 1888 - 18 Apr 1890 Pedro Ruiz Dana 18 Apr 1890 - 21 Apr 1890 Jos� Pascual Bonanza (acting) (b. 1834 - d. 1892) 21 Apr 1890 - 15 Nov 1892 Jos� Lasso y P�rez 15 Nov 1892 - 10 Jan 1893 Manuel Delgado Zuleta (acting) 10 Jan 1893 - 20 Jun 1895 Antonio Dab�n y Ram�rez de Arellano (b. 1844 - d. 1902) 20 Jun 1895 - 17 Jan 1896 Jos� Gamir Maladen (2nd time) 17 Jan 1896 - 15 Feb 1896 Emilio March (acting) Governors-general 15 Feb 1896 - 4 Jan 1898 Sabas Mar�n (b. 1831 - d. 1901) 4 Jan 1898 - 11 Jan 1898 Ricardo de Ortega (1st time) (b. 1838 - d. 1917) (acting) 11 Jan 1898 Andr�s Gonz�lez Mu�oz (b. 1840 - d. 1898) 11 Jan 1898 - 3 Feb 1898 Ricardo de Ortega (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 3 Feb 1898 - 14 Oct 1898 Manuel Mac�as Casado (b. 1845 - d. 1937) 14 Oct 1898 - 18 Oct 1898 Ricardo de Ortega (3rd time) (s.a.) (acting) Governors 25 Jul 1898 - 21 Oct 1898 Nelson A. Miles (b. 1839 - d. 1925) (military commandant) 21 Oct 1898 - 9 Dec 1898 John Ruller Brooke (b. 1838 - d. 1926) 9 Dec 1898 - 9 May 1899 Guy Vernor Henry (b. 1839 - d. 1899) 9 May 1899 - 1 May 1900 George Whitefield Davis (b. 1839 - d. 1918) 1 May 1900 - 15 Sep 1901 Charles Herbert Allen (b. 1848 - d. 1934) 15 Sep 1901 - 4 Jul 1904 William H. Hunt (b. 1857 - d. 1949) 4 Jul 1904 - 18 Apr 1907 Beekman Winthrop (b. 1874 - d. 1940) 18 Apr 1907 - 6 Nov 1909 Regis Henry Prost (b. 1870 - d. 1944) 6 Nov 1909 - 15 Nov 1913 George Radcliffe Colton (b. 1866 - d. 1916) 15 Nov 1913 - 15 May 1921 Arthur Yager (b. 1857 - d. 1941) 15 May 1921 - 30 Jul 1921 Jos� E. Benedicto (acting) (b. 1880 - d. 1924) 30 Jul 1921 - Mar 1923 Emmet Montgomery Reily (b. 1866 - d. 1954) Mar 1923 - 6 Apr 1923 Juan Bernardo Huyke (acting) (b. 1880 - d. 1961) 6 Apr 1923 - 29 Sep 1929 Horace Mann Towner (b. 1855 - d. 1937) 29 Sep 1929 - 7 Oct 1929 James R. Beverley (1st time) (b. 1894 - d. 1967) (acting) 7 Oct 1929 - 30 Jan 1932 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (b. 1887 - d. 1944) 30 Jan 1932 - 1 Jul 1933 James R. Beverley (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jul 1933 - 12 Jan 1934 Robert Hayes Gore (b. 1886 - d. 1972) 12 Jan 1934 - 5 Feb 1934 Benjamin Jason Horton (acting) (b. 1873 - d. 1963) 5 Feb 1934 - 25 Jun 1939 Blanton C. Winship (b. 1869 - d. 1947) 25 Jun 1939 - 11 Sep 1939 Jos� E. Colom (acting) (b. 1889 - d. 1973) 11 Sep 1939 - 28 Nov 1940 William D. Leahy (b. 1875 - d. 1959) 28 Nov 1940 - 3 Feb 1941 Jos� Miguel Gallardo (1st time) (b. 1897 - d. 1976) (acting) 3 Feb 1941 - 24 Jul 1941 Guy J. Swope (b. 1892 - d. 1969) 24 Jul 1941 - 19 Sep 1941 Jos� Miguel Gallardo (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 19 Sep 1941 - 3 Sep 1946 Rexford G. Tugwell (b. 1891 - d. 1979) 3 Sep 1946 - 2 Jan 1949 Jes�s Toribio Pi�ero (b. 1897 - d. 1952) 2 Jan 1949 - 2 Jan 1965 Luis Mu�oz Mar�n (b. 1898 - d. 1980) 2 Jan 1965 - 2 Jan 1969 Roberto S�nchez Vilella (b. 1913 - d. 1997) 2 Jan 1969 - 2 Jan 1973 Luis Alberto Ferr� (b. 1904 - d. 2003) 2 Jan 1973 - 2 Jan 1977 Rafael Hern�ndez Col�n (1st time) (b. 1936 - d. 2019) 2 Jan 1977 - 2 Jan 1985 Carlos Romero Barcel� (b. 1932 - d. 2021) 2 Jan 1985 - 2 Jan 1993 Rafael Hern�ndez Col�n (2nd time) (s.a.) 2 Jan 1993 - 2 Jan 2001 Pedro Rossell� (b. 1944) 2 Jan 2001 - 2 Jan 2005 Sila Mar�a Calder�n (f) (b. 1942) 2 Jan 2005 - 2 Jan 2009 An�bal Acevedo Vil� (b. 1962) 2 Jan 2009 - 2 Jan 2013 Luis Fortu�o (b. 1960) 2 Jan 2013 - 2 Jan 2017 Alejandro Garc�a Padilla (b. 1971) 2 Jan 2017 - 2 Aug 2019 Ricardo Rossell� (b. 1979) 2 Aug 2019 - 7 Aug 2019 Pedro Pierluisi (1st time) (b. 1959) 7 Aug 2019 - 2 Jan 2021 Wanda V�zquez (f) (b. 1960) 2 Jan 2021 - Pedro Pierluisi (2nd time) (s.a.)
Presidents of the Cabinet 11 Feb 1898 - 21 Jul 1898 Francisco Mariano Qui�ones (b. 1830 - d. 1908) 21 Jul 1898 - 6 Feb 1899 Luis Mu�oz Rivera (b. 1859 - d. 1916)