Medieval and Middle Ages History Timelines (original) (raw)

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  3. Years 1351 .. 1375

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Historical events occurring between 1351 and 1375

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1351

Because so many people died from the plague, labour was a scarce resource. To prevent workers demanding their own prices, the costs were fixed for labourer's wages at the pre-plague levels. Labourers had to stay in their own villages, and had to appear before a steward or constable each year to swear to abide by the rules of the statute. Stocks were built in each village to punish and deter any that did not abide by the rules. ¹

This was a statute that allowed the King to overrule Church appointments proposed by the Pope.

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##### Henry of Gosmont becomes Duke of Lancaster

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##### Eastminster Abbey founded

King Edward III founded a new Cistercian abbey near the Tower of London. Monks from Beaulieu Abbey populated the new abbey. ¹

1352

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##### Corpus Christi College founded

Corpus Christi College was founded in Cambridge.

Dec 30

##### Innocent VI becomes Pope

Dec 30

After an initial selection that seemed favourable was quashed by one of the Cardinals, Stephen Aubert, the Bishop of Ostia was chosen and crowned on the 30th of December taking the name Innocent.

1354

The Statute of Staples. A law that fixed 15 towns as staple towns. A staple town was a town that was restricted in what it could sell to foreign merchants. The towns were Bristol, Canterbury, Carmarthen, Chichester, Cork, Drogheda, Dublin, Exeter, Lincoln, London, Newcastle, Norwich, Waterford, Winchester and York.

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##### The Black Prince at Restormel Castle

Restormal Castle hosted Edward, the Black Prince and his court.

1355

1356

Construction of new walls around Paris started in this year and building work would take several years.

Jan

##### Edward Balliol gives up Scottish throne

Jan

After the defeat of David II of Scotland at Neville's Cross Edward Balliol had attempted to claim the Scottish throne but eventually decided to surrender his title as King of the Scots to Edward III and accept a pension in return.

Sep 17

##### English and French armies meet

Sep 17

On Saturday 17th of September while the Black Prince was moving his army to English owned city of Bordeaux the English and French armies finally came across each other near Poitiers. Edward moved his army into a defensive position protected by hedges on three sides and a narrow lane on the fourth.

Sep 18

##### Papal mission

Sep 18

On the Sunday a Cardinal attempted to get the English prince and French king to agree a truce, but the two leaders used the Sunday to rest their troops and prepare for the battle ahead.

Sep 19

##### Battle of Poitiers

Sep 19

On Monday the 19th of September the battle of Poitiers took place. Even though the English army was outnumbered the Black Prince used superior tactics in the battle and defeated the French without suffering many losses. John, the French King, was captured along with many other French nobles and taken to Bordeaux.

Oct

##### King John at St. Albans

Oct

King John of France was held prisoner at St. Alban's monastery after being captured at Poitiers. ¹

1357

1358

Apr 23

##### A Splendid Tournament at Windsor

Apr 23

To celebrate St. George's day King Edward III held a large tournament at Windsor Castle. Edward, the Black Prince, oversaw the proceedings in which kings and nobles from all over Europe were given safe passage to take part in.

May

##### The First Treaty of London

May

This treaty attempted to agree peace between England and France and the release of the French King, John, from captivity. The terms the King Edward III wanted, were a large ransom and the surrender of several French states. The French did not raise the money required so the treaty was not concluded.

Known as the Jacquerie, the French peasants revolt started in the area of Beauvais. It was led by Guillaume Calle.The cause is unknown but this was a terrible time for the poor of the country. With no King, demands for taxes to pay for ransoms and groups of outlaws pillaging the villages it is not surprising that a revolt started. Charles the Bad of Navarre, an enemy of the Dauphin, took it upon himself to deal with the uprising. At Mello, just to the north of Paris, Charles defeated the rebels and set about massacring hundreds of peasants in the area in revenge. An army of several hundred peasants from Paris, under the leadership of Etienne Marcel, advanced on Meaux. The gates of Meaux were opened for them but were attacked by knights from the local fort who killed many and set fire to the town. ¹

Aug 23

##### Death of Queen Isabella

Aug 23

Queen Isabella, the wife of Edward II and the mother of King Edward III died on the 22nd or 23rd of August.

1359

Mar

##### The Second Treaty of London

Mar

This treaty signed by King Edward and King John of France who was still a captive was agreed but later rejected by those back in France. In the treaty Edward agreed to drop his claim to the French thone in return for large amounts of French land. The French rejected the treaty because of the amount of land that would have been lost. King Edward's anger led to his invasion of France later in the year.

Oct 28

##### Edward III lands in Calais

Oct 28

Edward and his eldest sons departed from England and arrived in Calais the same day. They met no resistance as they marched to Rhiems. But the town was too well fortified to be captured so the English troops spent their time attacking the local towns and villages and taking supplies.

1360

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1361

1362

1363

1364

Apr

##### Charles V becomes King of France

Apr

King John of France was still in captivity after his capture at the Battle of Poitiers and livng in a certain amount of luxury at the Savoy in London. But a mysterious illness became serious and his died. His body was transported to France for burial. His son Charles became king of France and was crowned at Rheims Cathedral. ¹

1365

1366

Oct

##### Wykeham becomes Bishop

Oct

William of Wykeham became the Bishop of Winchester. Although not approved of by Pope Urban V, Wykeham was consecrated in October 1367.

1367

Jan 6

##### Birth of Richard (II) the future King of England

Jan 6

Richard of Bordeaux was born at the abbey of St. Andre in Bordeaux in France. His father was Edward, the Black Prince and his mother was Joan, the Fair Maid' of Kent. He was their second son after Edward of Angouleme. Edward died at an early age and so Richard became second in line to the English throne after his father.

Apr

##### Wykeham becomes Chancellor

Apr

William of Wykeham became Chancellor of England.

Apr

##### Henry (IV) the future king of England is born

Apr

Henry was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire. He would become King Henry IV of England.

Apr 3

##### Battle of Nájera in Spain

Apr 3

Edward the Black Prince went to assist Peter the Cruel, King of Castile, who had been driven from his throne by Henry Trastamara. With a combined army of English, Gascons, Navarrese and Castilians the Black Prince won a battle to put Peter back on the thrown. The victory at Nájera also brought the Castilian fleet under control which had been fighting on the side of the French when Trastamara was in power. Peter was later overthrown and the fleet again started fighting on the French side.

1368

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##### Start of the Ming Dynasty

In China the Mongol dynasty was overthrown and was followed by the Ming dynasty which would last until 1644. ¹

1369

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##### Again England is hit by the plague

Another outbreak of the plague affects England.

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##### Beaudesert Castle passes to Warwick

When Peter de Montfort died, the castle's ownership passed to Thomas, Earl of Warwick. ¹

Jun 3

##### Edward III restates claim for French throne

Jun 3

The English Parliament freed King Edward III from the Treaty of Bretigny that was signed in 1360. When Edward signed the treaty he had agreed to give up the claim for the French throne. Now that Edward was free from the treaty he was able to restate and pursue his claim to be the French King. ¹

Jul (to Nov)

##### John of Gaunt in northern France

Jul (to Nov)

John of Gaunt, the Duke of Lancaster, left Calais with 2,000 soldiers and marched across northern France destroying towns along the way. ¹

Aug

##### Queen Philippa dies

Aug

Queen Philippa, Edward's wife, died. Edward's affections turned to Alice Perrers who became his mistress and had several illegitimate children. ¹

1370

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##### Gregory XI becomes Pope

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##### Gregory XI becomes Pope

Aug

##### The French reclaim Limoges

Aug

French forces led by the Duke of Berry retook the town of Limoges. ¹

Sep 18

##### Limoges falls to the Black Prince

Sep 18

Edward, the Black Prince, used miners to undermine the section of the town that did not surrender to the English. The walls were brought down and those who had not surrendered were executed. This included women and children. ¹

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1371

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##### Wykeham asks for war supplies

William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester and chancellor, asked for supplies for war. Parliament petitioned the king to stop the practice of ecclesiastics having positions of power and not being liable to account for their actions, and that non-clerical laymen should replaced them. An important supporter of this action was John of Gaunt.

Jan

##### The Black Prince returns to England

Jan

Edward, the Black Prince, arrived back in England. He had run out of money and was unable to pay his men. He was suffering with a sickness that may have started with dysentery as a result of living conditions on his campaigns. He was physically exhausted.

Feb

##### David II dies and is succeeded by Robert II

Feb

In Scotland, the Stewart dynasty was begun when Robert II took the Scottish throne after the death of David II. ¹

Qtr 1

##### Death of Edward of Angouleme

Qtr 1

Edward was the first son of the Black Prince, and Joan of Kent. Edward died at an early age of around seven years old. He was second in line to the English throne at the time, The date of his death may have been late in 1370.

Mar 27

##### Robert II is crowned at Scone

Mar 27

Robert II is crowned King of Scotland at Scone Abbey.

1372

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##### Canterbury Crypt Lady Chapel building work

Canterbury Crypt Lady Chapel building work by John Box. ¹

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##### Knaresborough Castle granted to John of Gaunt

Jun 22

##### Battle of La Rochelle

Jun 22

The Battle of La Rochelle was a Castilian-English naval battle fought at the entrance of the harbour of La Rochelle on the French coast in the Bay of Biscay. Commanded by John Hastings, the English fleet had been sent to rescue the town that was being besieged by the French. Both fleets sides were equally matched but after two days of fighting the English fleet was totally destroyed and many of the English sailors and knights had been killed or captured.

1373

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##### Nunney Castle construction begins

Work on the Somerset castle by Sir John de la Mare began. ¹

1374

1375

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##### Simon Sudbury becomes Archbishop of Canterbury

Simon Sudbury becomes the Archbishop of Canterbury.

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##### Worcester Cathedral major building work

At Worcester Cathedral work progressed on the vaults of the nave and crossing, the west front, north porch and east cloister until 1395. The work was desiged by the master mason John Clyve. ¹

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##### Galilee porch as Peterborough

Construction of the Galilee porch on the West front of Peterborough Cathedral was started in 1375. ¹

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##### Construction of Bolton Castle

Work on Bolton Castle was begun by Lord Scrope, the Chancellor to Richard II. ¹