Bolivia (original) (raw)

Bolivia

Map of Bolivia Hear National Anthem "Canci�n Patri�tica" (Patriotic Song) Text of National Anthem Adopted 1852 Constitution (7 Feb 2009) ----------------------------------- 1967 Constitution (2 Feb 1967 - 7 Feb 2009)
Capital: Sucre (Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo [Chuquisaca, Charcas] 1538-1839; Peru-Bolivia: Tacna 1836-1839) Administrative capital: La Paz (de facto since 1898) Currency: Boliviano (BOB); 1963-1987 Bolivian Peso (BOP); 1863-1963 Boliviano (BOL); 1825-1863 Bolivian Peso (BOE) National Holiday: 6 Aug (1825) D�a de la Independencia (Independence Day) Population: 11,306,341 (2018)
GDP: 83.72billion(2017)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:83.72 billion (2017) Exports: 83.72billion(2017)Exports:7.46 billion (2017) Imports: $8.60 billion (2017) Ethnic groups: Mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 68%, indigenous 20%, white 5%, cholo/chola 2%, black 1%, other 1%, unspecified 3% ; 44% of respondents indicated feeling part of some indigenous group, predominantly Quechua or Aymara (2009)
Total Armed Forces: 34,100 (2018) Merchant marine: 55 ships (2017) Religions: Roman Catholic 76.8%, Evangelical and Pentecostal 8.1%, Protestant 7.9%, other 1.7%, none 5.5% (2012)
International Organizations/Treaties: ACS (observer), ACTO, AIIB (applicant), ALBA, APM, BRICS (partner), BTWC, CAN, CCM, CD, CELAC, CTBT, CWC, ENMOD (signatory), ESCR, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISA, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, LAP, LU, Mercosur, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OST (signatory), PCA, SEGIB, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Bolivia Index Chronology 1538 - 1545 Spanish colonize area called Charcas, Upper Peru, (Alto Per�) or Chuquisaca. 3 Jan 1548 Part of Viceroyalty of Peru. 18 Sep 1559 Audiencia y Canciller�a Real de La Plata de los Charcas created to administer Upper Peru. 8 Aug 1776 Part of Viceroyalty of R�o de la Plata (see Argentina). 25 May 1809 - 6 Aug 1825 Bolivian war of independence. 16 Jul 1809 - Nov 1809 Independent state proclaimed in Upper Peru (Alto Per�) nominally in the name of Fernando VII the Bourbon king of Spain deposed by Napoleon. 1811 - 1816 Proclaimed a province of R�o de la Plata (see Argentina). 1816 Re-incorporated into Peru. 16 May 1825 - 25 May 1826 Departments of Upper Peru (Alto Per�) are organized as a territory occupied by the army of Peru (Provincias del Alto Per�). 6 Aug 1825 Act of independence of the provinces of Alto Per� is passed by Asamblea General at Chuquisaca (now Sucre, Bolivia)(not recognized by Peru). 11 Aug 1825 Bolivar Republic (Rep�blica Bol�var) is declared the name of the polity by Asamblea General at Chuquisaca (but the decree is not promulgated by the military authorities and Upper Peru [Alto _Per�_]and State of Upper Peru [Estado del Alto _Per�_] were used as alternatives in other documents of Asamblea General issued between 10 Jul 1825 and 6 Oct 1825). 18 May 1826 Independence of Rep�blica Boliviana is recognized by a decree issued by Peru and proclaimed at Chuquisaca 14 Jun 1826. 25 May 1826 Executive functions transferred from the military governor to Constituent Congress (Rep�blica Boliviana; and/or Bolivia). 28 Oct 1836 - 20 Feb 1839 Component of Peru-Bolivian Confederation (Confederaci�n Per�-Boliviana); for North and South Peru components see under Peru). 12 Feb 1861 Spain recognizes the independence of Bolivia. 27 Mar 1867 Acre granted to Bolivia in the Treaty of Ayacucho. 1 Oct 1868 Republic of Bolivia (Rep�blica de Bolivia)(the old style lingers until 1908). 20 Oct 1883 Pacific coastline including Antofagasta is annexed by Chile. 4 Jul 1899 - 25 Apr 1900 Acre independent of Bolivia (see under Brazil). 17 Nov 1903 Acre purchased by Brazil in the Treaty of Petr�polis. 7 Feb 2009 Plurinational State of Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia). 18 Mar 2009 The use of Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia is prescribed in public and private acts by decree.
Departments (from 2006)
Provinces of Upper Peru (1783-1825)
Cochabamba
C�rdoba
La Paz
Potos�

Presidents of the Audiencia de La Plata de los Charcas
1559 - 1572 Pedro Ram�rez de Qui�ones (d. 1582)
1573 - 1577 Lope D�ez de Aux y Armend�riz (b. c.1520 - d. 1585)
Castrej�n
1578 - 1579 Juan de Matienzo (acting) (b. 1520 - d. 1579)
1579 - 1582 Manuel Barros de San Mill�n (b. 1523 - d. 1599)
(acting)
1582 - 1600 Juan L�pez de Cepeda (d. c.1601)
1600 - 1609 Alonso Maldonado y Torres (d. 1628)
1609 - 1610 Pedro Ruiz Bejarano
1610 - 1626 Diego de Portugal
1626 - 1627 Alonso P�rez de Salazar y Rosales (b. 1561 - d. 1646)
(acting)
1627 - 1629 Diego Mu�oz de Cu�llar (1st time)
(acting)
1629 - 1630 Diego de Eg�es y Beaumont (b. c.1612 - d. 1664)
1630 - 1632 Diego Mu�oz de Cu�llar (2nd time)
1632 Francisco de Alfaro (b. 1551 - d. 1644)
(disputed in some sources)
May 1632 - 1635 Juan de Carvajal y Sande (b. c.1590 - d. 1667)
Mar 1635 - 1642 Juan de Liz�razu y Recain
1642 - 1644 Dionisio P�rez Manrique de Lara, (b. 1599 - d. 1678)
marqu�s de Santiago
1644 - 1647 Francisco de Sossa
1647 - 1660 Francisco de Nestares Mar�n (b. 1605 - d. 1660)
1660 Andr�s Garavito de L�on e Illescas (b. 1600 - d. 1675)
(acting)
1660 - 1663 Bartolom� de Salazar y Poz (b. 1595 - d. 1670)
1663 - 12 Dec 1670 Pedro V�zquez de Velasco (b. 1603 - d. 1670)
1670 - 1671 Luis Jos� Merlo de la Fuente (d. 1690)
1671 - 1674 Jos� del Corral Calvo de la Banda (b. 1625 - d. 1686)
(acting)
1674 - 1687 Bartolom� Gonz�lez y P�veda (b. 1634 - d. 1692)
1687 - 1694 Diego de Mesia (or Mexia)
1694 - 1699 Antonio Mart�nez Luj�n de Vargas (b. 1648 - d. ....)
1699 - 1700 Francisco Dom�nguez
1700 - 1708 Miguel Antonio de Ormaza y Ponce (d. 1723)
de L�on (acting)
1708 - 1717 Francisco Pimentel y Sotomayor
1717 - 1725 Gabriel Antonio de Matienzo
1725 - 1733 Francisco de Herboso y Luza (b. 1679 - d. 1733)
1733 - 1735 Jos� Cipriano de Herrera y Loizaga (b. 1695 - d. 1736)
1736 - 1737 Ign�cio del Castillo (acting)
1737 - 1746 Antonio Hermenegildo de Querejazu (b. 1711 - d. 1792)
y Mollinedo
1746 - 1754 Domingo de J�uregui
1754 - 1757 Nicol�s Jim�nez de Lobat�n y Aza�a,(b. 1693 - d. 1757)
marqu�s de Rochafuerte
1757 - 1766 Juan Francisco Pesta�a y Chamucero (b. 1710 - d. 1766)
1766 - 1769 Juan Mart�nez de Tineo (b. 1720 - d. 1785)
(interim to 1767)
1769 - 1777Ambrosio de Benavides Medina Li��n (b. 1718 - d. 1787)
y Torres
1778 Jer�nimo Manuel de Ruedas Morales (b. 1736 - d. c.1785)
(1st time)
1778 - 2 Jul 1780 Agust�n Fernando de Pinedo y (b. 1720? - d. 1780)
Fern�ndez de Valdivieso
1780 - 1782 Jer�nimo Manuel de Ruedas Morales (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1782 - 1785 Jos� Ignacio Flores de Vergara y (b. 1733 - d. 1786)
Xim�nez de C�rdenas
1785 - 1790 Vicente de G�lvez y Valenzuela
1790 - 1797 Joaqu�n del Pino S�nchez de Rosas (b. 1729 - d. 1804)
Romero y Negrete
1797 - 1805 Ram�n Garc�a de Le�n y Pizarro (b. 1770 - d. 1835)
1805 - 12 Jul 1809 Jos� Ram�rez de Laredo y Encalada
(acting)
President of Junta of Defense of the Rights of the King and the Town
12 Jul 1809 - 30 Sep 1809 Pedro Domingo Murillo (b. 1756 - d. 1809)
Presidents of the Audiencia
30 Sep 1809 - 13 Nov 1810 Vicente Nieto de las Vi�as y (b. 1769 - d. 1810)
Garc�a S�nchez de Valencia y
Gonz�lez
13 Nov 1810 - 1811Juan Jos� Castelli (b. 1764 - d. 1812) (revolutionary government)
1811 - 1813 Domingo Trist�n y Moscoso (b. 1768 - d. 1847)
1813 Francisco Antonio Ortiz de Ocampo (b. 1771 - d. 1840)
(revolutionary government)
1813 - 1814 Gregorio Hoyos Fern�ndez de Miranda(b. 17.. - d. 1814)
Garc�a del Llano, marqu�s de
Valdehoyos
1815 Mart�n Rodr�guez (b. 1771 - d. 1845)
1815 Juan Antonio Fern�n�dez
(revolutionary government)
1816 - 1818 Jos� Pascual de Vivero y (b. 1762 - d. 1834)
Salavarria (interim)
22 Feb 1818 - 1824 Rafael Maroto Yserns (b. 1783 - d. 1853)

1824 - 1825 Pedro Antonio de Ola�ete (b. 1770 - d. 1825)

1825 Jos� Antonio Vigil Manrique de (b. 1782 - d. 1872)

Lara

Military governor

16 May 1825 - 18 Aug 1825 Antonio Jos� Francisco de Sucre (b. 1795 - d. 1830) Mil

y Alcal�

(commander-in-chief of the Army of Liberation)

Liberator, invested with the Supreme Executive Power

18 Aug 1825 - 29 Dec 1825 Sim�n Jos� de la Sant�sima (b. 1783 - d. 1830) Mil

Trinidad Bol�var y Palacios

Military governor

29 Dec 1825 - 25 May 1826 Antonio Jos� Francisco de Sucre (s.a.) Mil

y Alcal�

(commander-in-chief of Army of Liberation,

in charge of the departments)

President of the General Constituent Congress

25 May 1826 - 28 May 1826 Jos� Joaqu�n Casimiro Ola�eta y (b. 1796 - d. 1860)

G�emes

Presidents

28 May 1826 - 12 Aug 1828 Antonio Jos� Francisco de Sucre (s.a.) Mil

y Alcal�

(Commander-in-chief of the Liberation

Army, in charge of the Supreme Command

of Bolivia to 19 Jun 1826)

18 Apr 1828 - 12 Aug 1828 Jos� Mar�a P�rez de Urdininea y (b. 1784 - d. 1865) Mil

Gurruchaga (acting for Sucre)

12 Aug 1828 - 18 Dec 1828 Jos� Miguel de Velasco Franco (b. 1795 - d. 1859) Mil

(1st time)(acting for Jos� Andr�s

de Santa Cruz who did not take office)

18 Dec 1828 - 31 Dec 1828 Pedro Blanco Soto (provisional) (b. 1795 - d. 1829) Mil

18 Dec 1828 - 26 Dec 1828 Jos� Ram�n de Loayza Pacheco (b. 1751 - d. 1839)

Salgado (acting for Blanco)

1 Jan 1829 - 24 May 1829 Jos� Miguel de Velasco Franco (s.a.) Mil

(2nd time)(acting; from 31 Jan

1829 for Jos� Andr�s de Santa Cruz)

31 Jan 1829 - 20 Feb 1839 Jos� Andr�s de Santa Cruz (b. 1792 - d. 1865) Mil

y Villavicencio y Calahumana

(provisional to 15 Aug 1831; and Supreme Protector of

Peru-Bolivian Confederation 28 Oct 1836 - 20 Feb 1839)

18 Jul 1838 - 22 Feb 1839 Mariano Enrique Calvo Cu�llar (b. 1782 - d. 1842)

(1st time)(acting [for absent Santa Cruz to 20 Feb 1839])

22 Feb 1839 - 10 Jun 1841 Jos� Miguel de Velasco Franco (s.a.) Mil

(3rd time)

(Provisional Supreme Chief to 16 Jun 1839;

provisional president to 15 Aug 1840)

10 Jun 1841 - 9 Jul 1841 Sebasti�n de �greda (b. 1795 - d. 1875) Mil

(Provisional Chief [from 1 Jul 1841 acting

for Jos� Andr�s Santa Cruz who did not take office])

9 Jul 1841 - 22 Sep 1841 Mariano Enrique Calvo Cu�llar (s.a.)

(2nd time)(acting [for Jos� Andr�s

Santa Cruz who did not take office])

22 Sep 1841 - 27 Sep 1841 Vacant

27 Sep 1841 - 23 Dec 1847 Jos� Mar�a de Ballivi�n y Segurola (b. 1805 - d. 1852) Mil

(provisional to 15 Aug 1844)

23 Dec 1847 - 2 Jan 1848 Eusebio Guilarte Mole (acting) (b. 1799 - d. 1849) Mil

2 Jan 1848 - 6 Jan 1848 Jos� Miguel de Velasco Franco (s.a.) Mil
(4th time)(provisional)(re-assumed

office in accordance with a decree dated

2 Nov 1847 at Mojo, intermittently absent

from the country until 18 Jan 1848)

6 Jan 1848 - 18 Jan 1848 Manuel Isidoro Belzu Hum�rez (b. 1808 - d. 1865) PP

(1st time)(interim)

18 Jan 1848 - 6 Dec 1848 Jos� Miguel de Velasco Franco (s.a.) Mil

(5th time)(provisional to 12 Sep 1848)

6 Dec 1848 - 15 Aug 1855 Manuel Isidoro Belzu Hum�rez (s.a.) Mil/Rojo

(2nd time)(provisional [in

rebellion from 12 Oct 1848] to 15 Aug 1850)

15 Aug 1855 - 21 Oct 1857 Jorge C�rdova (b. 1822 - d. 1861) Rojo

21 Oct 1857 - 14 Jan 1861 Jos� Mar�a de Linares y de Lizarazu(b. 1810 - d. 1861) Rojo

Beaumont y Navarra

(provisional [in rebellion from 9 Sep 1857])

14 Jan 1861 - 4 May 1861 Government Junta

- Ruperto Fern�ndez (d. 1877) Mil

- Jos� Mar�a de Ach� Valiente (b. 1810 - d. 1868) Mil

- Manuel Antonio S�nchez (b. 1810 - d. 1861) Mil

(to 9 Apr 1861)

4 May 1861 - 28 Dec 1864 Jos� Mar�a de Ach� Valiente (s.a.) Mil

(provisional to 15 Aug 1862)

19 Aug 1862 - 10 Oct 1862 Gregorio P�rez (b. 1811 - d. 1890) Mil

(in dissidence, in La Paz)

28 Dec 1864 - 15 Jan 1871 Manuel Mariano Melgarejo (b. 1818 - d. 1871) Mil

(provisional to 15 Aug 1870)

15 Jan 1871 - 27 Nov 1872 Pedro Agust�n Morales Hern�ndez (b. 1808 - d. 1872) PL

(Supreme Chief of the Revolution [in rebellion from

26 Nov 1870] to 21 Jan 1871; provisional to 25 Aug 1872)

27 Nov 1872 - 28 Nov 1872 Juan de Dios Bosque y Ventura (b. 1829 - d. 1890) Non-party

Farf�n (acting)

28 Nov 1872 - 9 May 1873 Tom�s Francisco Fr�as Ametller (b. 1804 - d. 1884) PL

(1st time)

9 May 1873 - 14 Feb 1874 Adolfo Ballivi�n Coll (b. 1831 - d. 1874) Mil

14 Feb 1874 - 4 May 1876 Tom�s Francisco Fr�as Ametller (s.a.) PL

(2nd time)

8 Jan 1875 - 18 Jan 1875 Supreme National Directory

(in dissidence, in La Paz)

- Quint�n Quevedo Ferrari (b. 1825 - d. 1876) Mil

- Casimiro Corral (b. 1830 - d. 1895)

4 May 1876 - 28 Dec 1879 Hilari�n Daza (provisional) (b. 1840 - d. 1893) Mil

28 Dec 1879 - 17 Jan 1880 Uladislao Silva Arancibia (b. 1840 - d. 1898) Mil

(president of the Governing Board of La Paz)

19 Jan 1880 - 31 May 1880 Jos� Narciso Campero Leyes (b. 1813 - d. 1896) PC

(1st time) (provisional)

1 Jun 1880 - 19 Jun 1880 Aniceto Arce y Ruiz de Mendoza (b. 1824 - d. 1906) PC

(1st time) (acting)

19 Jun 1880 - 4 Sep 1884 Jos� Narciso Campero Leyes (s.a.) PC

(2nd time)

4 Sep 1884 - 15 Aug 1888 Jos� Gregorio Pacheco Leyes (b. 1823 - d. 1899) PC

15 Aug 1888 - 11 Aug 1892 Aniceto Arce y Ruiz de Mendoza (s.a.) PC

(2nd time)

11 Aug 1892 - 19 Aug 1896 Jos� Mariano Baptista Caserta (b. 1832 - d. 1907) PC

19 Aug 1896 - 12 Apr 1899 Severo Fern�ndez Alonso Caballero (b. 1848 - d. 1925) PC

12 Dec 1898 - 25 Oct 1899 Government Junta (in rebellion)

- Serapio Reyes Ortiz Aguilar (b. 1822 - d. 1900) PL

- Macario Pinilla Vargas (b. 1855 - d. 1927)

- Juan Jos� Manuel Inocencio Pando (b. 1849 - d. 1917) PL

Solares (from 16 Dec 1898)

25 Oct 1899 - 14 Aug 1904 Jaun Jos� Manuel Inocencio Pando (s.a.) PL

Solares

14 Aug 1904 - 12 Aug 1909 Ismael Montes Gamboa (1st time) (b. 1861 - d. 1933) PL

12 Aug 1909 - 14 Aug 1913 Eliodoro Villaz�n Monta�o (b. 1848 - d. 1939) PL

14 Aug 1913 - 15 Aug 1917 Ismael Montes Gamboa (2nd time) (s.a.) PL

15 Aug 1917 - 12 Jul 1920 Jos� Manuel Justiniano Guti�rrez (b. 1869 - d. 1920) PL

Guerra

12 Jul 1920 - 13 Jul 1920 Rosa Bautista Saavedra Mallea (b. 1870 - d. 1939) PR

("Superior Political Chief of the Revolution")

(1st time)

13 Jul 1920 - 28 Jan 1921 Provisional Government Junta

- Jos� Mar�a Escalier Villegas (b. 1863 - d. 1934) PR

- Rosa Bautista Saavedra Mallea (s.a.) PR

- Jos� Manuel Ram�rez Mart�nez (b. 1868 - d. 1934) PR

- Juan Jos� Fern�ndez (b. 1882 - d. 1927) Mil

28 Jan 1921 - 3 Sep 1925 Rosa Bautista Saavedra Mallea (s.a.) PRS

(2nd time)

3 Sep 1925 - 10 Jan 1926 Felipe Segundo Guzm�n (provisional)(b. 1879 - d. 1932) PRS

10 Jan 1926 - 28 May 1930 Mariano Hernando Siles Reyes (b. 1882 - d. 1942) PRS

28 May 1930 - 25 Jun 1930 Council of Ministers (acting)

- Alberto Diez de Medina L�rtora (b. 1877 - d. 1932)

- Germ�n Antelo Ara�z

(to 17 Jun 1930)

- Franklin Francisco Emilio (b. 1891 - d. 1971)

Mercado de Loayza

- Jos� David Toro Ruilova (b. 1898 - d. 1977) Mil

- Jos� Mar�a Aguirre Ach� (b. 1877 - d. 1941)

- Fidel Vega (d. 1939)

- Carlos Banzer Aliaga (b. 1888 - d. 1968)

- Ezequiel Romec�n Calder�n (b. 1878 - d. 19..)

(from 17 Jun 1930)

28 Jun 1930 - 5 Mar 1931 Carlos Blanco Galindo (b. 1882 - d. 1943) Mil

(president of the council of ministers

of the Military Government Junta)

5 Mar 1931 - 27 Nov 1934 Daniel Domingo Salamanca Urey (b. 1869 - d. 1935) PRG

28 Nov 1934 - 17 May 1936 Jos� Luis Tejada y Ruiz de Sorzano (b. 1882 - d. 1938) PL

17 May 1936 - 20 May 1936 Germ�n Busch Becerra (1st time) (b. 1903 - d. 1939) Mil

(president of provisional Government Junta)

20 May 1936 - 13 Jul 1937 Jos� David Toro Ruilova (s.a.) Mil

(president of Government Junta, from

21 Jun 1936 Military Government Junta)

13 Jul 1937 - 23 Aug 1939 Germ�n Busch Becerra (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil

(president of Military Government Junta to 28 May 1938)

23 Aug 1939 - 15 Apr 1940 Carlos Quintanilla Quiroga (b. 1888 - d. 1964) Mil

(provisional)

15 Apr 1940 - 20 Dec 1943 Enrique Pe�aranda del Castillo (b. 1892 - d. 1969) Mil+Conc

20 Dec 1943 - 21 Jul 1946 Gualberto Villarroel L�pez (b. 1908 - d. 1946) Mil; 1944

(president Government Junta to 5 Apr 1944; Radepa+MNR

provisional president 5 Apr - 6 Aug 1944)

21 Jul 1946 D�maso Arenas Sanchez (b. 1900 - d. 19..) Mil

(general-in-chief of the Army)

(did not take office)

21 Jul 1946 - 15 Aug 1946 N�stor Guill�n Olmos (b. 1890 - d. 1966) Non-party

(Superior Court of Justice of the

District of La Paz to 22 Jul 1946, then

president Government Junta 22-24 Jul 1946; then

president provisional Government Junta from 24 Jul 1946)

15 Aug 1946 - 10 Mar 1947 Tom�s Monje Guti�rrez (b. 1884 - d. 1954) Non-party

(president Provisional Government Junta)

10 Mar 1947 - 22 Oct 1949 Jos� Enrique Hertzog Garaiz�bal (b. 1897 - d. 1980) PURS

22 Oct 1949 - 16 May 1951 Mamerto Urriolagoitia Harriague� (b. 1895 - d. 1974) PURS

(acting [for Hertzog from 7 May 1949] to 24 Oct 1949)

16 May 1951 - 11 Apr 1952 Hugo Ballivi�n Rojas (b. 1901 - d. 1993) Mil

(chairman military government junta)

11 Apr 1952 - 16 Apr 1952 Hern�n Siles Zuazo (1st time) (b. 1914 - d. 1996) MNR

(provisional to 12 Apr 1952, then acting)

16 Apr 1952 - 6 Aug 1956 �ngel V�ctor Paz Estenssoro (b. 1907 - d. 2001) MNR

(1st time)

6 Aug 1956 - 6 Aug 1960 Hern�n Siles Zuazo (2nd time) (s.a.) MNR

6 Aug 1960 - 4 Nov 1964 �ngel V�ctor Paz Estenssoro (s.a.) MNR

(2nd time)

Chairmen of the Military Junta

4 Nov 1964 - 5 Nov 1964 Alfredo Ovando Cand�a (1st time) (b. 1918 - d. 1982) Mil

5 Nov 1964 (hours) Alfredo Ovando Cand�a (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil

+ Ren� Barrientos Ortu�o (1st time)(b. 1919 - d. 1969) Mil

(co-chairmen)

5 Nov 1964 - 26 May 1965 Ren� Barrientos Ortu�o (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil

26 May 1965 - 3 Jan 1966 Ren� Barrientos Ortu�o (3rd time) (s.a.) Mil/MPC

+ Alfredo Ovando Cand�a (3rd time) (s.a.) Mil

(presidents of the government military junta)

3 Jan 1966 - 6 Aug 1966 Alfredo Ovando Cand�a (4th time) (s.a.) Mil

Presidents

6 Aug 1966 - 27 Apr 1969 Ren� Barrientos Ortu�o (s.a.) FRB

27 Apr 1969 - 26 Sep 1969 Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas (b. 1925 - d. 2005) PSD+FRB

26 Sep 1969 - 6 Oct 1970 Alfredo Ovando Cand�a (s.a.) Mil

6 Oct 1970 - 7 Oct 1970 Government Military Junta

- Efra�n Guachalla Ib��ez Mil

- Fernando Sattori Ribera (b. 1927 - d. 2005) Mil

- Alberto Albarrac�n Crespo (b. 1922 - d. 2006) Mil

7 Oct 1970 - 21 Aug 1971 Juan Jos� Torres Gonz�lez (b. 1921 - d. 1976) Mil

21 Aug 1971 - 22 Aug 1971 Jaime Florentino Mendieta Vargas (b.1922/26 - d. 2000)Mil

+ Hugo Banzer Su�rez (b. 1926 - d. 2002) Mil

+ Andr�s Selich Chop (b. 1927? - d. 1973) Mil

(presidents of the government junta)

22 Aug 1971 - 21 Jul 1978 Hugo Banzer Su�rez (1st time) (s.a.) Mil

21 Jul 1978 (hours) V�ctor Gonz�lez Fuentes (d. bf.2022) Mil

(chief of the general staff)

21 Jul 1978 - 24 Nov 1978 Juan Pereda Asb�n (b. 1931 - d. 2012) Mil

24 Nov 1978 - 8 Aug 1979 Jos� David Padilla Arancibia (b. 1927 - d. 2016) Mil

8 Aug 1979 - 1 Nov 1979 W�lter Guevara Arze (interim) (b. 1912 - d. 1996) MNRA

(continues in dissidence to 17 Nov 1979)

1 Nov 1979 - 16 Nov 1979 Alberto Natusch Busch (b. 1933 - d. 1994) Mil

17 Nov 1979 - 18 Jul 1980 Lydia (Lidia) Gueiler Tejada (f) (b. 1921 - d. 2011) PRIN

(interim)

18 Jul 1980 (hours) Junta of Commanders of the Armed

Forces of the Nation

- Luis Garc�a Meza Tejada (b. 1929 - d. 2018) Mil

(1st time)

- Waldo Bernal Pereira (1st time) (b. 1934) Mil

- Ramiro Terrazas Rodr�guez (d. 1991) Mil

18 Jul 1980 - 4 Aug 1981 Luis Garc�a Meza Tejada (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil

4 Aug 1981 - 4 Sep 1981 Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces of the Nation

- Waldo Bernal Pereira (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil

- Celsto Torrelio Villa (b. 1933 - d. 1999) Mil

- �scar Jaime Pammo Rodr�guez (b. 1934) Mil

(1st time)

4 Sep 1981 - 19 Jul 1982 Celso Torrelio Villa (s.a.) Mil

19 Jul 1982 - 21 Jul 1982 Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces of the Nation

- Natalio Morales Mosquera (b. 1936 - d. 1993) Mil

- �scar Jaime Pammo Rodr�guez (s.a.) Mil

(2nd time)

- �ngel Mariscal G�mez (b. 1935? - d. 2013) Mil

21 Jul 1982 - 10 Oct 1982 Guido Vildoso Calder�n (b. 1937) Mil

10 Oct 1982 - 6 Aug 1985 Hern�n Siles Zuazo (3rd time) (s.a.) MNRI

6 Aug 1985 - 6 Aug 1989 �ngel V�ctor Paz Estenssoro (s.a.) MNR

(3rd time)

6 Aug 1989 - 6 Aug 1993 Jaime Paz Zamora (b. 1939) MIR

6 Aug 1993 - 6 Aug 1997 Gonzalo S�nchez de Lozada (b. 1930) MNR

S�nchez Bustamante (1st time)

6 Aug 1997 - 7 Aug 2001 Hugo Banzer Su�rez (2nd time) (s.a.) ADN

7 Aug 2001 - 6 Aug 2002 Jorge Fernando Arturo Quiroga (b. 1960) ADN

Ram�rez

(acting for Banzer 1 Jul - 7 Aug 2001)

6 Aug 2002 - 17 Oct 2003 Gonzalo S�nchez de Lozada (s.a.) MNR

S�nchez Bustamante (2nd time)

17 Oct 2003 - 9 Jun 2005 Carlos Diego Luis Rafael Mesa (b. 1953) Non-party

Gisbert

9 Jun 2005 - 22 Jan 2006 Enrique Eduardo Rodr�guez Veltz� (b. 1956) Non-party

22 Jan 2006 - 12 Nov 2019 Juan Evo Morales Ayama (b. 1959) MAS

12 Nov 2019 - 8 Nov 2020 Jeanine ��ez Ch�vez (f) (interim) (b. 1967) MDS

8 Nov 2020 - Luis Alberto "Lucho" Arce Catacora (b. 1963) MAS;10-2023 Ind

**Territorial Dispute:**Chile and Peru rebuff Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, but Chile offers instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile for Bolivian products; contraband smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of its border regions with all of its neighbors (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru).

Party abbreviations: MAS = Movimiento al Socialismo-Instrumento Pol�tico por la Soberan�a de los Pueblos (Movement for Socialism-Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples, socialist, left-wing nationalist, indigenism, est.1995);MDS = Movimiento Dem�crata Social (Democrat Social Movement, center-right, conservative liberal, federalist, est.15 Dec 2013); MIR = Movimiento Izquierda Revolucionaria (Movement of Revolutionary Left, social-democratic, est.1971); MNR = Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (RevolutionaryNationalist Movement, nationalist, populist, centrist, est.1942); PODEMOS = Poder Democr�tico y Social (Social and Democratic Power, 'We Can', conservative, former ADN, est.2005); Mil = Military;

- Former parties: ADN = Alianza Democr�tica Nacionalista (Nationalist Democratic Alliance, authoritarian populist, 1979-2005, renamed PODEMOS); Conc = Concordancia (The Concordance, rightist alliance of PL, PRG & PRS, 1939-1943); F RB = Frente de la Revoluci�n Boliviana (Bolivian Revolutionary Front, coalition of MPC, PSD, Partido de la Izquierda Revolucionaria and Partido Revolucionario Aut�ntico, 1966-1970's); MNRA = Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario Aut�ntico (Authentic Nationalist Revolutionary Movement, reformist, nationalist, split from MNR, 1960-1964); MNRI = Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario de Izquierda (Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the Left, leftist, split from MNR, 1971-1985); MPC = Movimiento Popular Cristiano (Popular Christian Movement, pro-R.B. Barrientos, 1966-1969); PC = Partido Conservador (Conservative Party, conservative, 1880-c.1899); PL = Partido Liberal (Liberal Party, liberal, 1883-1978); PRIN = Partido Revolucionario de la Izquierda Nacionalista (Revolutionary Party of the National Left, left-wing nationalist, split from MNR, 1963-1980's); PR = Partido Republicano (Republican Party, conservative, split from PL, 1914-1921); PRG = Partido Republicano Genuino (Genuine Republican Party, split from PR, 1921-1946); PRS = Partido Republicano Socialista (Socialist Republican Party, "Saavedristas", reformist, populist, split from PR, 1921-1946); PSD = Partido Social Democr�tica (Social Democratic Party, conservative, elitist, 1944-c.1970); PURS = Partido de la Uni�n Republicana Socialista (Republican Socialist Unity Party, right of center, merger of PRS, PRG, Partido Socialista Independiente and Partido Socialista Unificado, 1946-1978);Radepa = Raz�n de Patria (Reason for the Fatherland [Fatherland's Cause], military group, nationalist, allied to MNR, 1934-1946); Rojo = Partido Rojo (Red Party, populist, c.1848-c.1861)


Provinces of Upper Peru

Cochabamba

[Cochabamba, Bolivia flag
                                          from 1809]
1810 - 1825

28 Jan 1782_Intendencia_ of Cochabamba (part of R�o de la Plata).
1810 End of Spanish rule.
11 Aug 1825 Part of Bolivia.

Governors
1776 - 1780 Francisco de Viedma y Narv�ez (b. 1737 - d. 1809)
1780 - 1783 F�lix Jos� Villalobos
Governor-Intendants
1783 - 1784 F�lix Jos� Villalobos
1784 - .... Mart�n de Mendoza
.... - 1809 Francisco de Viedma y Narv�ez (b. 1737 - d. 1809)
1809 - 1810 Jos� Gonz�lez de Amada
1810 - 1811 Francisco del Rivero
1811 Antonio Allende
1811 - 1812 Joaqu�n Mariano de Antezana (b. 1771 - d. 1812)
1812 - 1813 Jer�nimo Marr�n de Lombera (b. c.1760 - d. 1814)
1813 Miguel Jos� de Cabrera
1813 Juan Antonio �lvarez de Arenales (b. 1770 - d. 1831)
(1st time)
1813 - 1814 Mart�n de J�uregui
1814 - 1815 Antonio de Goyburu
1815 - 1816 Juan Antonio �lvarez de Arenales (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1816 - 1817 Military Tribunal of Purification
1817 - 1823 Jos� de Mendiz�bal e Imas
1823 - 1824 Jos� Miguel de Velasco Franco (b. 1795 - d. 1859)
1824 - 1825 Mart�n Ru�z de Somocurcio y de Abril (b. 1789 - d. 1825)
1825 Pedro Antonio de Ass�a


C�rdoba

28 Jan 1782 - 1810_Intendencia_ of C�rdoba (part of R�o de la Plata).

Governor-Intendants
1784 - 1797 Rafael de Sobremonte N��ez Castillo (b. 1745 - d. 1827)
Angulo y Bull�n Ram�rez de
Arellano, marqu�s de Sobremonte
1797 - 1803 Nicol�s P�rez del Viso
1803 - 1805 Jos� Gonz�lez
1805 - 1807 V�ctoriano Rodr�guez
1807 - 1810 Juan Guti�rrez de la Concha (b. 1760 - d. 1810)


La Paz

28 Jan 1782_Intendencia_ of La Paz (part of R�o de la Plata).
1811 Annexed to Peru.
16 Jul 1809 - 1809 Under the Revolutionary Junta.
Jan 1811 - Jul 1811 Argentine occupation.
11 Aug 1825 Part of Bolivia.

Governor-Intendants
1 Jan 1784 - 1789 Jos� Sebasti�n de Segurota y (b. 1740 - d. 1789)
Machain
1789 - 1790 Jos� Pablo Conti
1790 - Jul 1791 August�n de Goyoneta (acting)
Jul 1791 - 1793 Juan Manuel �lvarez
1793 Pedro Nolasco Crespo (interim)
Jul 1793 - 1795 Francisco Antonio Dionisio de
Cu�llar Artacho Carrillo de los
R�os Ronso y Vald�s
Sep 1795 - Sep 1796 Fernando de la Sota Ag�ero (b. 1759 - d ....)
(interim)
Sep 1796 - 28 Oct 1807 Antonio de Burguny� y Juan (d. 1807)
1807 - 16 Jul 1809 Tadeo Fern�ndez D�vila y Eyzaguirre(d. 1814)
16 Jul 1809 - 1809 Pedro Domingo Murillo (b. 1756 - d. 1809)
(President of Junta of Defense of
the Rights of the King and the Town)
23 Nov 1809 - Jan 1810 Juan Ram�erz Orosco (b. 1764 - d. 1852)
Jul 1810 Juan Jos� Castelli (b. 1764 - d. 1812)
(revolutionary government)
Jul 1810 - Jul 1813 Domingo Trist�n y Moscoso (b. 1768 - d. 1847)
Jul 1813 - 24 Sep 1814 Gregorio de Hoyos de Miranda Garc�a(d. 1814)
de Llano, marqu�s de Valde Hoyos
24 Sep 1814 - 4 Nov 1814 Jos� Santos Astete
(revolutionary government)
5 Nov 1814 - 26 Oct 1816 Jos� Mar�a Landaberi (interim)
26 Oct 1816 - 1 Feb 1817 Mariano Ricafort Palaz�n y Abarca (b. 1776 - d. 1846)
1 Feb 1817 - 1822 Juan S�nchez Lima
1822 - 1823 Francisco Huarte y J�uregui (b. c.1745 - d. 18..)
1823 Jos� Ram�n de Loaiza Pacheco (b. 1751 - d. 1839)
(revolutionary government)
1823 - 29 Jan 1825 Jos� de Mendiz�bal e Imas


Potos�

28 Jan 1782_Intendencia_ of Potos� (part of R�o de la Plata).
1811 Annexed to Peru.
25 Nov 1811 - 20 Sep 1811 Argentine occupation.
May 1813 - Dec 1813 Argentine occupation.
May 1815 - Dec 1815 Argentine occupation.
11 Aug 1825 Part of Bolivia.

Governor-Intendants
1783 - 1789 Juan del Pino Manrique de Lara (b. 17.. - d. 1814)
1789 - 1810 Francisco de Paula Sanz (b. 1745 - d. 1810)
25 Nov 1810 - 1811 Juan Jos� Castelli (b. 1764 - d. 1812)
1811 - 20 Sep 1811 Juan Mart�n de Pueyrred�n (b. 1777 - d. 1850)
20 Sep 1811 - May 1813 Jos� Manuel de Goyeneche y Barreda (b. 1776 - d. 1846)
May 1813 - Dec 1813 Manual Belgrano (b. 1770 - d. 1820)
Dec 1813 - Apr 1815 Joaqu�n de la Pezuela, (b. 1761 - d. 1830)
marqu�s de Viluma
Apr 1815 - Jul 1815 Juan Rondeau (b. 1775 - d. 1844)


� Ben Cahoon