Colombia (original) (raw)

Colombia

to 4 Oct 1812, 1816 - 17 Dec 1819	14 Jul 1811 - 4 Oct 1812	4 Oct 1812 - 14 Nov 1815
14 Nov 1815 - 1816	17 Dec 1819 - 9 May 1834 (provisional from 17 Dec 1831)	9 May 1834 - 26 Jul 1861
9 May 1834 - 17 Apr 1854 and 4 Dec 1854 - 26 Jul 1861 State Flag	9 May 1834 - 26 Jul 1861 Civil Ensign	![Republic of Colombia state flag of Jose Maria Melo (Apr - Dec 1854)]](http://www.worldstatesmen.org/co_rng3.gif "[Republic of Colombia state flag of Jose Maria Melo (Apr - Dec 1854)]") 17 Apr - 4 Dec 1854 State Flag
26 Jul 1861 - 26 Nov 1861 State Flag	Adopted 26 Nov 1861	26 Nov 1861 - 28 Apr 1890 Civil Ensign
28 Apr 1890 - 14 Jul 1906 Civil Ensign	Adopted 9 Nov 1949 Naval Ensign

Map of Colombia	Hear National Anthem "Himno Nacional de la Rep�blica de Colombia� (National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia) or "Oh Gloria inmarcesible!" (O Unfading Glory!)	Text of National Anthem Adopted 28 Oct 1920	Constitution (5 Jul 1991) (1821,1853,1886 constitutions)
Capital: Bogot� (Santa F� de Bogot� 1549-1816, 1816-1819; Popay�n 8 May-29 Jun 1816; Tunja 1539-1549)	Currency: Colombian Peso (COP); 1837-1861 Colombian Escudo (COE)	National Holiday: 20 Jul (1810) D�a de la Independencia (Independence Day)	Population: 48,168,996 (2018)
GDP: 711.6billion(2017)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:711.6 billion (2017)	Exports: 711.6billion(2017)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:39.4 billion (2017) Imports: $44.2 billion (2017)	Ethnic groups: mestizo and white 84.2%, Afro-Colombian (includes mulatto, Raizal, and Palenquero) 10.4%, Amerindian 3.4%, Romani 0.01, unspecified 2.1% (2005)
Total Active Armed Forces: 285,220 (2010) Merchant marine: 103 ships (2017)	Religions: Roman Catholic 79%, Protestant 14% (includes Pentecostal 6%, mainline Protestant 2%, other 6%), other 2%, unspecified 5% (2014)
International Organizations/Treaties: ACS, ACTO, ANT, APM, BCIE (nonregional), BIS, BTWC, CAN, Caricom (observer), CCM, CD, CDB, CELAC, CTBT, CWC, EITI, ESCR, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IEA (accession), IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA (observer), ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, LAP, LU, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, NATO (global partner), NPT, NTBT, OAS, OECD, OPANAL, OPCW, OST (signatory), PA, PCA, PROSUR, SEGIB, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCLOS (signatory), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Colombia Index	Chronology 1509 Spanish begin to colonize area of Nueva Reino de Granada or simply Nueva Granada (New Granada). Tierra Firme is divided into two administrative units called gobernaci�nes: Nueva Andaluc�a and Castilla de Oro (subordinated to Santo Domingo). 20 Jan 1510 - Jun 1510 San Sebasti�n de Urab� founded by Alonso de Ojeda (b. c.1466 - d. c.1515), as the the first Spanish settlement in continental South America. 1513 - 1519 Nueva Andaluc�a merged with Castilla de Oro as the_Gobernaci�n de Castilla de Oro_ with Pedro Arias de �vila (b. 1440 - d. 1551) governor (see under Panama). 29 Jul 1525 Santa Marta founded by Rodrigo de Bastidas (d. 1527). 15 Jan 1533 Cartagena de Indias founded by Pedro de Heredia. 6 Aug 1538 Santa F� de Bogot� founded by Gonzalo Jim�nez de Quesada y Rivera. 1542 By 1542 modern Colombian territory was divided into 3 gobernaci�nes that emerged in parallel to the foundation of the respective cities. Those governments were: Santa Marta (1525), Cartagena de Indias (1533), and Popay�n (1536). 17 Jul 1549 Real Audiencia del Nuevo Reino de Granada in Santaf� de Bogot� founded (Royal Court of New Kingdom of Granada)(installed Apr 1550), part of the Viceroyalty of Peru (incl. Cartagena de Indias, Santa Marta, and Popay�n [to 1563]). 27 May 1717 Viceroyalty of the New Kingdom of Granada (Virreinato del Nuevo Reino de Granada, or Virreinato de Nueva Granada) separated from Peru (effective 1718)(composed of Reales Audiencias de Santaf�, Quito [see Ecuador] and the Capitan�a de Venezuela)(by_Real C�dula_ of 27 May 1717). 17 May 1724 - 20 Aug 1739 Re-incorporated into Peru, Viceroyalty suppressed (by Real C�dula of 5 Nov 1723). 20 Aug 1739 Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada (restored)(includes former jurisdictions plus Panama)(by_Real C�dula_ of 20 Aug 1739). 8 Sep 1777 Captaincy-general of Venezuela detached. 4 Apr 1811 Local juntas, acting nominally in favor of deposed King Fernando VII dethroned by Napol�on, depose the viceroy and set up local rule (Panama and Santiago remain loyal to Spain). 27 Nov 1811 - 1816 United Provinces of New Granada (Provincias Unidas de la Nueva Granada); a confederationconstituted by the provinces of Antioquia, Cartagena, Neiva, Pamplona, and Tunja. 1816 Reconquest by Spain, polity extinguished. 7 Aug 1819 - 10 Nov 1820 Simon Bol�var's campaign to liberate New Granada. 11 Sep 1819 Free Provinces of New Granada (Provincias Libres de la Nueva Granada) organized 17 Dec 1819 Republic of Colombia (Rep�blica de Colombia)(called "Gran Colombia"), unification of Venezuela and Nueva Granada (independence from Spain). 12 Feb 1820 - 8 Oct 1821 Forms a part of Gran Colombia as Departamento de Cundinamarca when the Organic Law of Rep�blica de Colombia_is promulgated and takes effect in Provincias libres de la Nueva Granada. 10 Nov 1820 Santa Marta liberated from Spanish rule. 8 Oct 1821 Territory of Departamento de Cundinamarca is reconstituted as departamentos of Boyac�, Cundinamarca, Cauca and Magdalena (in accordance with a law passed by the Congreso of Gran Colombia 2 Oct 1821 and promulgated 8 Oct 1821). 24 Dec 1822 Pasto liberated from Spanish rule. 21 Nov 1831 Dissolution into New Granada, Venezuela, and Ecuador. 21 Nov 1831 State of New Granada (Estado de la Nueva Granada) (provinces of the central part of Gran Colombia are organized as a state under the name of_Nueva Granada). 17 Dec 1831 Use of Rep�blica de Colombia in inscriptions, seals and other items is replaced with Colombia. 1 Mar 1832 Estado de la Nueva Granada and Nueva Granada are used as terms of reference in the Constitution of Nueva Granada passed by Convenci�n 29 Feb 1832. 9 May 1843 Republic of New Granada (Rep�blica de la Nueva Granada)(ese of Estado de la Nueva Granada in official documents, seals and other items is replaced with Rep�blica de la Nueva Granada). 1 Oct 1843 Rep�blica de la Nueva Granada and Nueva Granada are used as terms of reference in the Constitution of Nueva Granada passed by Senado and_C�mara de Representantes_ 20 Apr 1843. 22 May 1858 Granadine Confederation (Confederaci�n Granadina) (in dissidence 30 Jul 1861-13 Jan 1863). 10 Sep 1860 United States of New Granada (Estados Unidos de Nueva Granada)(treaty of union between the states of Cauca and Bol�var signed, state of Magdalena joins the treaty of union 4 Dec 1860). 18 Jul 1861 Government of Confederaci�n Granadina ceased to function de facto upon capturing of head of state by the troops of Estados Unidos de Nueva Granada. 20 Sep 1861 United States of Colombia (Estados Unidos de Colombia)(treaty of union between the states of Bol�var, Boyac�, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Santander and Tolima). 10 Sep 1880 Spain recognizes the independence of Colombia. 1 Dec 1885 Republic of Colombia (Rep�blica de Colombia)(style not formally abolished until the taking effect of the Constitution of 1886 on 7 Sep 1886). 4 Nov 1903 Independence of Panama (formally recognized by Colombia 1 Mar 1922). 8 Sep 1972 Quita Sue�o Bank, Roncador Cay, and Serrana Bank transferred to Colombia by the U.S. (effective 17 Sep 1981); but not the Serranilla Bank.
Colombia (since 1831)
States (1855-1886) and Panama (1821-1903)
Viceroyalty of New Granada (1694-1821)
Cundinamarca (1811-1814)
Cartagena (1810-1812)
Antioquia (1810-1815)
Tunja (1812)
United Provinces (1812-1816)
Gran Colombia (1819-1831)
Santa Catalina (1628-1689)
Historical Maps of Colombia

New Granada

Governors
6 Aug 1538 - 12 May 1539 Gonzalo Jim�nez de Quesada y (b. c.1496 - d. 1579)
Rivera
12 May 1539 - Jul 1543 Hern�n P�rez de Quesada (interim) (b. c.1500 - d. 1544)
Jul 1543 - Dec 1544 Alonso Luis Fern�ndez de Lugo (b. c.1506 - d. 1556)
Dec 1544 - 2 May 1545 Lope Montalvo de Lugo (interim) (d. 1556)
2 May 1545 - 17 Jan 1547 Pedro de Urs�a (b. 1526 - d. 1561)
17 Jan 1547 - 2 Jun 1551 Miguel D�ez de Armend�riz (d. 1551)
2 Jun 1551 - 1558 Juan de Monta�o (Lavado) (d. 1558)
Presidents, Governors and Captains-general
1558 - 21 Feb 1564 the Audiencia del Nuevo Reino de Granada
21 Feb 1564 - 1574 Andr�s D�az de Venero y Leyva (b. 1515 - d. 1576)
23 Mar 1575 - 13 Dec 1575 Francisco Brice�o (b. 1500 - d. 1575)
13 Dec 1575 - 29 Aug 1578 the Audiencia del Nuevo Reino de Granada
29 Aug 1578 - Feb 1580 Lope D�ez de Aux y Armend�riz (b. c.1520 - d. 1585)
Castrej�n, se�or de Cadreita
Feb 1580 - Mar 1582 Juan Bautista de Monz�n (interim) (d. 1594)
(visitador)
Mar 1582 - 1585 Juan Prieto de Orellana (interim) (b. 15.. - d. 1625)
(visitador)
1585 - 1590 Francisco Guill�n Chaparro (interim)(b. c.1554 - d. 1600)
30 Mar 1590 - Aug 1597 Antonio Gonz�lez (b. c.1535 - d. 1601)
23 Aug 1597 - 12 Sep 1602 Francisco de Sande Pic�n (b. c.1540 - d. 1602)
12 Sep 1602 - 2 Oct 1605 the Audiencia del Nuevo Reino de Granada
2 Oct 1605 - 12 Feb 1628 Juan Buenaventura de Borja y (b. 1564 - d. 1628)
Armend�a
12 Feb 1628 - 1 Feb 1630 the Audiencia del Nuevo Reino de Granada
1 Feb 1630 - 4 Oct 1637 Sancho Gir�n de Narv�ez, marqu�s (b. c.1596 - d. 1637)
de Sofraga
5 Oct 1637 - Dec 1645 Mart�n de Saavedra Galindo de (b. 1594 - d. 1654)
Guzm�n, bar�n de Prado
23 Dec 1645 - 1654 Juan Fern�ndez de C�rdoba y Coalla, (b. c.1595 - d. 1664)
marqu�s de Miranda de Anta
24 Apr 1654 - 29 Jun 1659 Dionisio P�rez Manrique, (b. 1598? - d. 1678)
marqu�s de Santiago (1st time)
29 Jun 1659 - 16 Jan 1660 Juan Cornejo (interim) (d. c.1667)
16 Jan 1660 - 2 Feb 1662 Dionisio P�rez Manrique, (s.a.)
marqu�s de Santiago (2nd time)
2 Feb 1662 - 25 Dec 1664 Diego de Eg�es i Beaumont (b. c.1612 - d. 1664)
25 Dec 1664 - 12 Jun 1666 Francisco de Leyva (acting)
12 Jun 1666 - 10 Aug 1667 Diego del Corro y Carrascal (b. c.1625 - d. 1673)
10 Aug 1667 - 2 Jun 1671 Diego de Villalba y Toledo, (b. c.1610 - d. c.1680)
marqu�s de Campo, se�or de la
Villa de Santacruz de Pinares
2 Jun 1671 - 18 Jun 1674 Melchor de Li��n y Cisneros (b. 1629 - d. 1708)
(interim)
18 Jun 1674 - 4 Jan 1679 the Audiencia de Santaf� de Bogot�
4 Jan 1679 - 6 Sep 1685 Francisco del Castillo de la Concha (b. 1652 - d. 1685)
28 Nov 1685 - 6 Sep 1686 Sebasti�n Alfonso de Velasco (b. c.1610 - c.1690)
8 Sep 1686 - 10 May 1691 Gil de Cabrera y D�valos (1st time) (b. 1646 - d. 1712)
10 May 1691 - 10 Feb 1694 Francisco Jos� Merlo de la Fuente (b. 1650 - d. 1709)
(acting)
10 Feb 1694 - 21 Jun 1703 Gil de Cabrera y D�valos (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Jun 1703 - 3 Sep 1710 Diego de C�rdoba Lasso de la Vega, (b. 1629 - d. 1720)
marqu�s del Vado (1st time)
3 Sep 1710 - 2 Jun 1711 Francisco Coss�o y Otero, arzobispo (b. 1640 - d. 1715)
de Santa F� (interim)
21 Jun 1711 - 4 Feb 1712 Diego de C�rdoba Lasso de la Vega, (s.a.)
marqu�s del Vado (2nd time)
4 Feb 1712 - 15 Sep 1715 Francisco Meneses Bravo de Saravia (b. 1669 - d. 1723)
15 Sep 1715 - 23 Apr 1717 the Audiencia de Santaf� de Bogot� 23 Apr 1717 - 13 Jun 1718 Francisco del Rinc�n, arzobispo (b. 1650 - d. 1723)
de Santa F� de Bogot� (interim)
Viceroys
13 Jun 1718 - 17 Dec 1719 Antonio Ignacio de la Pedrosa y (b. 1660 - d. c.1723)
Guerrero, se�or de la villa de
Buxes (interim)
17 Dec 1719 - 17 May 1724 Jorge de Villalonga i Fortuny, (b. 1665 - d. 1735)
conde de La Cueva
Presidents, Governors and Captains-general
17 May 1724 - 19 Feb 1731 Antonio Manso y Maldonado (b. c.1670 - d. 1755?)
19 Feb 1731 - 14 May 1733 Commissioners of the Audiencia
- Jos� Joaqu�n Mart�nez Malo (b. 1683 - d. 1741)
- Jos� de Quintana y Acevedo (b. c.1690 - d. 1765)
- Jorge Miguel Lozano de Peralta (b. 1731 - d. 1793)
- Jos� Ventura de Castilla y (b. c.1691 - d. 1734)
Lisperguer
14 May 1733 - 24 Apr 1737 Rafael de Eslava y Lazaga (b. 1685 - d. 1737)
24 Apr 1737 - 20 Aug 1738 the Audiencia de Santaf� de Bogot�
20 Aug 1738 - 1 Sep 1738 Antonio Gonz�lez Manrique (b. 1695 - d. 1738)
1 Sep 1738 - 25 Mar 1739 the Audiencia de Santaf� de Bogot�
25 Mar 1739 - 24 Apr 1740 Francisco Gonz�lez Manrique (b. c.1698 - d. 1747)
(interim)
Viceroys
24 Apr 1740 - 5 Nov 1749 Sebasti�n de Eslava y Lazaga (b. 1685 - d. 1759)
5 Nov 1749 - 24 Nov 1753 Jos� Alfonso Pizarro, marqu�s (b. 1689 - d. 1762)
del Villar
24 Nov 1753 - 24 Feb 1761 Jos� Manuel Sol�s Folch de Cardona (b. 1716 - d. 1770)
25 Feb 1761 - 31 Nov 1772 Pedro Mess�a de la Cerda, (b. 1700 - d. 1783)
marqu�s de la Vega de Arm�jo
22 Apr 1773 - 10 Feb 1776 Manuel de Guirior y Portal de (b. 1708 - d. 1788)
Huarte y Edozain, marqu�s de
Guirior
10 Feb 1776 - 1 Mar 1782 Manuel Antonio Flores Maldonado (b. 1723 - d. 1799)
Mart�nez y Bodequ�n
31 Mar 1782 - 12 Jun 1782 Juan de Torrezar y D�az Pimienta (b. c.1720 - d. 1782)
(interim)
12 Jun 1782 - 15 Jul 1782 the Audiencia de Santaf� de Bogot�
15 Jul 1782 - 8 Jan 1789 Juan Antonio Caballero y G�ngora (b. 1723 - d. 1796)
8 Jan 1789 - 1 Aug 1789 Francisco Gil de Taboada y Lemos (b. 1736 - d. 1809)
1 Aug 1789 - 2 Jan 1797 Jos� Manuel Ignacio Timoteo de (b. 1741 - d. 1823)
Ezpeleta Galdeano Dicastillo y
del Prado
2 Jan 1797 - 16 Sep 1803 Pedro Mendinueta y M�zquiz (b. 1736 - d. 1825)
16 Sep 1803 - 25 Jul 1810 Antonio Jos� de Amar y Borb�n (b. 1742 - d. 1826)
Arguedas y Vallejo de Santacruz
20 Jul 1810 - 4 Oct 1812 Jos� Miguel Pey y Garc�a de Andrade (b. 1763 - d. 1838)
(president of the Supreme Governing Junta)
21 Mar 1812 - 12 Nov 1812 Benito P�rez Brito de los R�os (b. 1747 - d. 1813)
y Fern�ndez Valdelomar
(in Portobelo, Panama in refuge from Bogot�)
30 May 1813 - 9 Mar 1818 FranciscoJos� Montalvo y Ambulodi, (b. 1754 - d. 1822)
Montalvo y Arriola
(captain-general, jefe pol�tico superior to 30 Apr 1816)
9 Mar 1818 - 3 Aug 1821 Juan Jos� Francisco de S�mano y (b. 1753 - d. 1821)
Uribarri de Rebollar y Mazorra
(in Panama, titular from 9 Aug 1819)
17 Aug 1821 - 3/8 Apr 1822 Juan de la Cruz Mourgeon y Achet (b. 1766 - d. 1822)
(titular, in Quito)

Independent provinces

Note: This record is in four parts: (1) some provinces that became independent of Spain and later joined the United Provinces; (2) the United Provinces of New Granada, from independence to reconquest by Spain, after which they became part of Great Colombia; (3) Great Colombia (a historians' term, never official), encompassed New Granada (later Colombia), Venezuela, and Ecuador; and (4) New Granada/Colombia from the breakup of Great Colombia.

Cundinamarca
6 Aug 1538 Santa F� de Bogot� founded by Spain.
4 Apr 1811 Independence (State of Cundinamarca [_Estado de Cundinamarca_]).
4 Apr 1811 - 19 Jul 1813 Government is carried out in the name of Fernando VII (who
did not accept the office)�.
19 Jul 1813 Monarchy abolished.
12 Dec 1814 Incorporation into United Provinces of New Granada.

Presidents of the State and Vicegerents of the King's Person
(Presidente constitucional del Estado de Cundinamarca y Vicegerente de la persona del Rey)
4 Apr 1811 - 21 Sep 1811 Jos� Tadeo Lozano de Peralta y
Gonz�lez Manrique, vizconde de (b. 1771 - d. 1816)
Pastrana
21 Sep 1811 - 19 Aug 1812 Antonio Amador Jos� Nari�o y (b. 1765 - d. 1823)
�lvarez del Casal (1st time)
(interim to 24 Dec 1811)
19 Aug 1812 - 12 Sep 1812 Manuel Benito de Castro y (b. 1751 - d. 1826)
D�az de Arcaya (acting)
12 Sep 1812 - 19 Jul 1813 Antonio Amador Jos� Nari�o y (s.a.)
�lvarez del Casal (2nd time)
Presidents of the State
19 Jul 1813 - 14 May 1814 Antonio Amador Jos� Nari�o y (s.a.)
�lvarez del Casal
14 May 1814 - 20 Dec 1814 Manuel de Bernardo �lvarez del (b. 1743 - d. 1816)
Casal

�Full style: Por la gracia de Dios y por la voluntad y consentimiento del pueblo, leg�tima y constitucionalmente representado, Rey de los cundinamarqueses, etc. ("By the grace of God and the will and consent of the town, legitimate and constitutionally represented, King of the Cundinamarqueses, etc.")

Cartagena 1 Jun 1533 Cartagena de Indias founded by Spain.
11 Nov 1811 Independence (Province of Cartagena de Indias [Provincia
_de Cartagena de Indias_]).
20 Jan 1812 State of Cartagena de Indias (Estado de Cartagena de I ndias).
4 Oct 1812 Incorporation into United Provinces of New Granada.

Presidents of the Supreme Government Junta
13 Aug 1810 - 1 Jan 1811 Jos� Mar�a Garc�a de Toledo y (b. 1769 - d. 1816)
Madariaga (1st time)
1 Jan 1811 - 1 May 1811 Jos� Mar�a del Real e Hidalgo (b. 1767 - d. 1835)
1 May 1811 - 1 Sep 1811 Jos� Mar�a Garc�a de Toledo y (s.a.)
Madariaga (2nd time)
1 Sep 1811 - 20 Jan 1812 Ignacio Cavero y C�rdenas (b. 1757 - d. 1834)
Governor President
21 Jan 1812 - 1 Apr 1812 Jos� Mar�a del Real e Hidalgo (s.a.)
Dictator Vice President
1 Apr 1812 - 15 Jun 1812 Manuel Juan Robustiano de los
Dolores Rodr�guez Torices y (b. 1788 - d. 1816)
Quiroz
Governor President
15 Jun 1812 - 4 Oct 1812 Manuel Juan Robustiano de los
Dolores Rodr�guez Torices y (s.a.)
Quiroz

Antioquia

[State of Antioquia,
1811-1813 (Colombia)]

2 Nov 1675 Medell�n founded by Spain.
29 Dec 1811 State of Antioquia (Estado de Antioquia), independence from
United Provinces.
10 Nov 1812 Antioquia recognizes the Congress of the United Provinces of
New Granada.
7 Feb 1813 Incorporation into New Granada.
Jul 1815 Constitution adopts the "pact" of the United Provinces of New
Granada fully incorporating Antioquia.

Presidents of the Superior Government Junta
10 Sep 1810 - 17 Feb 1811 Francisco de Ayala Gudi�o Medina (b. 1751 - d. 1816)
y Calder�n
17 Feb 1811 - 27 Jul 1811 Juan El�as L�pez Tagle y (b. 1777 - d. 1819)
Madariaga (acting)
Presidents of the State
27 Jul 1811 - 29 Jul 1811 Juan El�as L�pez Tagle y (s.a.)
Madariaga (provisional)
29 Jul 1811-11/29 Oct 1811 Jos� Mar�a Montoya Duque (b. 1757 - d. 1834)
11/29 Oct 1811-10 Oct 1812 Jos� Antonio Aurelio G�mez Londo�o (b. 1754 - d. 1812)
14 Oct 1812 - 30 Jul 1813 Jos� Miguel de Restrepo y Puerta (b. 1755 - d. 1829)
30 Jul 1813 - 7 Apr 1814 Juan Bautista Antonio Mar�a del (b. 1778 - d. 1814)
Corral y Alonso Carriazo
(Dictator President to 1/5 Mar 1814)
15 Apr 1814-8/16 May 1814 Jos� Miguel de la Calle V�lez (b. 1755 - d. 1839)
(interim)
8/16 May 1814 - Jul 1815 Dionisio S�nchez de Tejada y (b. 1769 - d. 1816)
Nieto de Paz

Tunja

6 Aug 1539 Tunja founded by Spain.
1812 State of Tunja (Estado de Tunja)(also in constitutional use:
Republic of Tunja [_Rep�blica de Tunja_]), independence from
the United Provinces.
4 Oct 1812 Re-incorporation into United Provinces of New Granada.

Governor President
1812 - 4 Oct 1812 Juan Nepomuceno Ni�o y Muelle (b. 1769 - d. 1816)

United Provinces of New Granada

26 Apr 1814 - 14 Nov 1815	14 Nov 1815 - 1816

4 Oct 1812 United Provinces of New Granada (Provincias Unidas de la Nueva Granada); a confederation constituted
by the provinces of Antioquia, Cartagena, Neiva,
Pamplona, and Tunja.
1816 Reconquest by Spain, polity extinguished (Bogot� retaken 6 May
1816 and Popay�n on 29 Jun 1816).

President of the Congress, in-charge of the Federal Executive Power
4 Oct 1812 - 5/6 Oct 1814 Jos� Camilo Clemente Torres (b. 1766 - d. 1816)
Tenorio
Presidents of the United Provinces of New Granada
5/6 Oct 1814 - 28 Nov 1814 Jos� Mar�a Eusebio Carlos del (b. 1776 - d. 1835)
Rosario del Castillo y Rada
(acting)
28 Nov 1814 - 28 Mar 1815 Jos� Custodio Cayetano Garc�a (b. 1786 - d. 1816)
Rovira (1st time)
28 Mar 1815 - 28 Jul 1815 Jos� Miguel Pey y Garc�a de (b. 1775 - d. 1838)
Andrade
28 Jul 1815 - 15 Nov 1815 Manuel Juan Robustiano de los (s.a.)
Dolores Rodr�guez Torices y
Quiroz
15 Nov 1815 - 14 Mar 1816 Jos� Camilo Clemente Torres (s.a.)
Tenorio
14 Mar 1816 - 22 Jun 1816 Jos� Luis �lvaro Alvino Fern�ndez (b. 1789 - d. 1830)
Madrid y Fern�ndez de Castro
22 Jun 1816 - 30 Jun 1816 Liborio Jos� Apolinar Mej�a y (b. 1792 - d. 1816) Mil
Gut�errez de Lara (acting)
30 Jun 1816 - 10 Jul 1816 Jos� Custodio Cayetano Garc�a (s.a.)
Rovira (2nd time)
16 Jul 1816 - 1816 Manuel Fernando Serrano y Uribe (b. 1789 - d. 1819) Mil

Gran Colombia (Great Colombia)

Note: Gran Colombia (or Great Colombia) is a historical term, never official,
encompassing New Granada (later Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito (later Ecuador).

17 Dec 1819 Republic of Colombia (Rep�blica de Colombia); independence
from Spain, again.
21 Nov 1831 Dissolution into New Granada, Venezuela, and Ecuador.

Presidents
17 Dec 1819 - 4 May 1830 Sim�n Jos� Antonio de la (b. 1783 - d. 1830) Mil
Sant�sima Trinidad Bol�var y
Palacios
(President-Liberator from 14 Jan 1820)
4 May 1830 - 13 Jun 1830 Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de (b. 1783 - d. 1843) Con
Santamar�a (1st time) (acting)
13 Jun 1830 - 4 Sep 1830 Joaqu�n Mariano Mosquera Figueroa (b. 1787 - d. 1877) Non-party
y Arboleda Salazar
5 Sep 1830 - 30 Apr 1831 Rafael Jos� Urdaneta Far�a (acting)(b. 1789 - d. 1845) Mil
14 Apr 1831 - 21 Nov 1831 Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de (s.a.) Con
Santamar�a (2nd time)(acting)
(in opposition to 30 Apr 1831, enters Bogot� 2 May 1831)

Free Provinces of New Granada

11 Sep 1819 Free Provinces of New Granada (Provincias Libres de la Nueva Granada).
17 Dec 1819 Part of Gran Colombia.
12 Feb 1820 Cundinamarca Department (Departamento de Cundinamarca), within
Gran Colombia.
8 Oct 1821 Territory of Departamento de Cundinamarca is reconstituted as the
departments of Boyac�, Cundinamarca, Cauca, and Magdalena.

Vice President of Free Provinces of New Granada (from 12 Feb 1820, Department of Cundinamarca) 20 Sep 1819 - 8 Oct 1821 Francisco Jos� de Paula Santander (b. 1792 - d. 1840) Mil

y Oma�a

Colombia

21 Nov 1831 State of New Granada
9 May 1834 Republic of New Granada
22 May 1858 - 18 Jul 1861 Granadine Confederation (in dissidence 30 Jul 1861-13 Jan 1863).
10 Sep 1860 United States of New Granada
20 Sep 1861 United States of Colombia
1 Dec 1885 Republic of Colombia

Presidents

21 Nov 1831 - 23 Nov 1831 Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de (s.a.) Con

Santamar�a (1st time) (acting)

23 Nov 1831 - 10 Mar 1832 Jos� Mar�a Ram�n Obando y del (b. 1797 - d. 1861) Mil

Campo (1st time) (acting)

10 Mar 1832 - 7 Oct 1832 Jos� Ignacio de M�rquez Barreto (b. 1793 - d. 1880) Con

(1st time) (acting)

7 Oct 1832 - 1 Apr 1837 Francisco Jos� de Paula Santander (s.a.) Fed

y Oma�a

1 Apr 1837 - 1 Apr 1841 Jos� Ignacio de M�rquez Barreto (s.a.) Lib

(2nd time)

1 Apr 1841 - 2 May 1841 Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de (s.a.) Mil

Santamar�a (2nd time)(acting)

2 May 1841 - 1 Apr 1845 Pedro Alc�ntara Herr�n Zald�a (b. 1800 - d. 1872) Con

1 Apr 1845 - 1 Apr 1849 Tom�s Cipriano Ignacio Mar�a de (b. 1798 - d. 1878) Non-party

Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda

Salazar (1st time)

1 Apr 1849 - 1 Apr 1853 Jos� Hilario L�pez Vald�s (b. 1798 - d. 1869) PL

1 Apr 1853 - 17 Apr 1854 Jos� Mar�a Ram�n Obando y del (s.a.) PL

Campo (2nd time)

17 Apr 1854 - 4 Dec 1854 Jos� Mar�a Dionisio Melo y Ortiz (b. 1800 - d. 1860) PL

(Supreme Chief of the Provisional Government)

21 Apr 1854 - 5 Aug 1854 Tom�s Jos� Ram�n del Carmen de (b. 1804 - d. 1854) PL

Herrera y P�rez D�vila

(acting; in rebellion, in Chocont�)

4 Dec 1854 - 1 Apr 1855 Jos� Arsenio Vicente del Carmen (b. 1806 - d. 1889) PL

de Obald�a y Orejuela

(acting [in rebellion from 5 Aug 1854])

1 Apr 1855 - 1 Apr 1857 Manuel Mar�a Mallarino Ibarg�en (b. 1808 - d. 1872) PC

(acting)

1 Apr 1857 - 1 Apr 1861 Mariano Ospina Rodr�guez (b. 1805 - d. 1885) PC

25 Jan 1861 - 31 Mar 1861 Juan Jos� Nieto Gil (in dissidence)(b. 1805 - d. 1861) PL

1 Apr 1861 - 18 Jul 1861 Bartolom� Calvo y D�az de Lamadrid (b. 1815 - d. 1889) PC

(acting)

18 Jul 1861 - 4 Feb 1863 Tom�s Cipriano Ignacio Mar�a de (s.a.) PLR

Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda

Salazar (2nd time)(provisional)

30 Jul 1861 - 25 Jan 1862 Ignacio Guti�rrez Vergara (b. 1806 - d. 1877) PC

(acting, in rebellion)

18 Jul 1862 - 13 Jan 1863 Leonardo Canal Gonz�lez (b. 1822 - d. 1894) Mil

(in rebellion)

4 Feb 1863 - 10 Feb 1863 Francisco Javier Mart�nez de (b. 1811 - d. 1882) PLR

Zald�a y de Racines

(president of the National Convention)

10 Feb 1863 - 14 May 1863 Eustorgio Salgar Moreno (1st time) (b. 1831 - d. 1885) PLR

(president of Executive Ministry)

14 May 1863 - 10 Apr 1864 Tom�s Cipriano Ignacio Mar�a de (s.a.) PLR

Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda

Salazar (3rd time)

(acting from 1 Apr 1864)

10 Apr 1864 - 1 Apr 1866 Manuel Murillo Toro (1st time) (b. 1816 - d. 1880) PLR

1 Apr 1866 - 20 May 1866 Jos� Mar�a Rojas Garrido (acting) (b. 1824 - d. 1883) PLM

20 May 1866 - 1 Nov 1867 Tom�s Cipriano Ignacio Mar�a de (s.a.) PLR

Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda

Salazar (4th time)

(imprisoned from 23 May 1867, suspended 9 Jul 1867)

12 May 1867 - 28 Jun 1867 Manuel Joaqu�n de Santa Isabel (b. 1833 - d. 1875) PLR

Riascos Garc�a (acting; in dissidence)

23 May 1867 - 1 Apr 1868 Manuel Mar�a de los Santos Acosta (b. 1828 - d. 1901) PLR

y Castillo

(nominally acting for Mosquera to 1 Nov 1867)

1 Apr 1868 - 1 Apr 1870 Jos� de los Santos Guti�rrez (b. 1820 - d. 1872) PLR

Prieto

1 Apr 1870 - 1 Apr 1872 Eustorgio Salgar Moreno (2nd time) (s.a.) PLR

1 Apr 1872 - 1 Apr 1874 Manuel Murillo Toro (2nd time) (s.a.) PLR

1 Apr 1874 - 1 Apr 1876 Santiago P�rez y Manosalbas del (b. 1830 - d. 1900) PLR

Castillo

1 Apr 1876 - 1 Apr 1878 Jos� Bonifacio Aquileo El�as (b. 1825 - d. 1900) PLR

Parra G�mez

1 Apr 1878 - 8 Apr 1880 Juli�n Trujillo Largacha (b. 1828 - d. 1883) LI

(acting from 1 Apr 1880)

8 Apr 1880 - 1 Apr 1882 Rafael Wenceslao N��ez Moledo (b. 1825 - d. 1894) LI

(1st time)

1 Apr 1882 - 21 Dec 1882 Francisco Javier Mart�nez de (s.a.) LI

Zald�a y de Racines

21 Dec 1882 - 22 Dec 1882 Cl�maco Calder�n Reyes (acting) (b. 1852 - d. 1913) LI

22 Dec 1882 - 1 Apr 1884 Jos� Eusebio Ot�lora Mart�nez (b. 1828 - d. 1884) LI

1 Apr 1884 - 11 Aug 1884 Ezequiel Hurtado y Hurtado (acting)(b. 1825 - d. 1890) PLR

11 Aug 1884 - 1 Apr 1886 Rafael Wenceslao N��ez Moledo (s.a.) PN

(2nd time)

1 Apr 1886 - 6 Jan 1887 Jos� Mar�a del Campo Serrano (b. 1832 - d. 1915) LI/PN

(acting)

6 Jan 1887 - 4 Jun 1887 Jos� Eliseo Pay�n Hurtado (acting) (b. 1825 - d. 1895) LI

4 Jun 1887 - 18 Sep 1894 Rafael Wenceslao N��ez Moledo (s.a.) PN

(3rd time)

13 Dec 1887 - 8 Feb 1888 Jos� Eliseo Pay�n Hurtado (s.a.) LI

(acting for N��ez)

7 Aug 1888 - 7 Aug 1892 Carlos Holgu�n Mallarino (b. 1832 - d. 1894) PN

(acting for N��ez)

7 Aug 1892 - 7 Aug 1898 Miguel Antonio Jos� Zoylo Cayetano (b. 1843 - d. 1909) PN

Andr�s Avelino de las Mercedes

Caro Tobar

(acting [for N��ez to 18 Sep 1894])

7 Aug 1898 - 3 Nov 1898 Jos� Manuel Cayetano Marroqu�n (b. 1827 - d. 1908) PN

Ricaurte (1st time)(acting)

3 Nov 1898 - 19 Mar 1902 Manuel Antonio Sanclemente (b. 1814 - d. 1902) PN

Sanclemente (prevented from exercising office from

31 Jul 1900, under arrest from 3 Aug 1900)

1900 - Jul 1900 Gabriel Vargas Santos (b. 1829 - d. 1914) PL

(provisional, in dissidence)

31 Jul 1900 - 7 Aug 1904 Jos� Manuel Cayetano Marroqu�n (s.a.) PN

Ricaurte (2nd time)

(acting [nominally for Sanclemente to 19 Mar 1902])

7 Aug 1904 - 27 Jul 1909 Jos� Gregorio Ambrosio Rafael (b. 1850 - d. 1921) PC

Reyes Prieto

9 Jun 1909 - 4 Aug 1909 Jorge Marcelo Holgu�n Mallarino (b. 1848 - d. 1928) PC

(1st time)(acting [for Reyes to 27 Jul 1909])

4 Aug 1909 - 7 Aug 1910 Jos� Rafael Ram�n Eufrasio de (b. 1854 - d. 1928) PC

Jes�s Gonz�lez Valencia

7 Aug 1910 - 7 Aug 1914 Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo (b. 1867 - d. 1937) PC/UR

7 Aug 1914 - 7 Aug 1918 Jos� Vicente Concha Ferreira (b. 1867 - d. 1929) PC

7 Aug 1918 - 7 Aug 1922 Marco Fidel Su�rez (b. 1855 - d. 1927) PC

11 Nov 1921 - 7 Aug 1922 Jorge Marcelo Holgu�n Mallarino (s.a.) PC

(2nd time)(acting for Su�rez)

7 Aug 1922 - 7 Aug 1926 Pedro Nel Ignacio Tom�s de (b. 1858 - d. 1927) PC

Villanueva Ospina V�squez

7 Aug 1926 - 7 Aug 1930 Miguel Abad�a M�ndez (b. 1867 - d. 1947) PC

7 Aug 1930 - 7 Aug 1934 Enrique Alfredo Olaya Herrera (b. 1881 - d. 1937) PL

7 Aug 1934 - 7 Aug 1938 Alfonso L�pez Pumarejo (1st time) (b. 1886 - d. 1959) PL

7 Aug 1938 - 7 Aug 1942 Eduardo Santos Montejo (b. 1888 - d. 1974) PL

7 Aug 1942 - 7 Aug 1945 Alfonso L�pez Pumarejo (2nd time) (s.a.) PL

19 Nov 1943 - 16 May 1944 Dar�o Echand�a Olaya (b. 1897 - d. 1989) PL
(acting for L�pez)

7 Aug 1945 - 7 Aug 1946 Alberto Lleras Camargo (1st time) (b. 1906 - d. 1990) PL

(acting)

7 Aug 1946 - 7 Aug 1950 Luis Mariano Ospina P�rez (b. 1891 - d. 1976) PC

7 Aug 1950 - 13 Jun 1953 Laureano Eleuterio G�mez Castro (b. 1889 - d. 1965) PC

5 Nov 1951 - 13 Jun 1953 Roberto Urdaneta Arbel�ez (b. 1890 - d. 1972) PC

(acting for G�mez Castro)

13 Jun 1953 - 10 May 1957 Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (b. 1900 - d. 1975) Mil

10 May 1957 - 7 Aug 1958 Gabriel Par�s Gordillo (b. 1910 - d. 2008) Mil

(president of Military Junta of Government)

7 Aug 1958 - 7 Aug 1962 Alberto Lleras Camargo (2nd time) (s.a.) PL/FN

7 Aug 1962 - 7 Aug 1966 Guillermo Le�n Valencia Mu�oz (b. 1909 - d. 1971) PC/FN

7 Aug 1966 - 7 Aug 1970 Carlos Alberto Lleras Restrepo (b. 1908 - d. 1994) PL/FN

7 Aug 1970 - 7 Aug 1974 Misael Eduardo Pastrana Borrero (b. 1923 - d. 1997) PC/FN

7 Aug 1974 - 7 Aug 1978 Alfonso Antonio L�zaro L�pez (b. 1913 - d. 2007) PL

Michelsen

7 Aug 1978 - 7 Aug 1982 Julio C�sar Turbay Ayala (b. 1916 - d. 2005) PL

7 Aug 1982 - 7 Aug 1986 Belisario Antonio Betancur Cuartas (b. 1923 - d. 2018) PC

7 Aug 1986 - 7 Aug 1990 Virgilio Barco Vargas (b. 1921 - d. 1997) PL

7 Aug 1990 - 7 Aug 1994 C�sar Augusto Gaviria Trujillo (b. 1947) PL

7 Aug 1994 - 7 Aug 1998 Ernesto Samper Pizano (b. 1950) PL

7 Aug 1998 - 7 Aug 2002 Andr�s Pastrana Arango (b. 1954) PC

7 Aug 2002 - 7 Aug 2010 �lvaro Uribe V�lez (b. 1952) CPPC

7 Aug 2010 - 7 Aug 2018 Juan Manuel Santos Calder�n (b. 1951) PSUN

7 Aug 2018 - 7 Aug 2022 Iv�n Duque M�rquez (b. 1976) CD

7 Aug 2022 - Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego (b. 1960) CH

Territorial Disputes: In Dec 2007, ICJ allocates San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina islands to Colombia under 1928 Treaty but did not rule on 82 degrees West meridian as maritime boundary boundary with Nicaragua; managed dispute with Venezuela over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics, guerrilla, and paramilitary activities penetrate all neighboring borders and have caused Colombian citizens to flee mostly into neighboring countries; Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the U.S. assert various claims to Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank;
on 19 Nov 2012 in regards to Nicaraguan claims over both Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Banks the International Court of Justice (ICJ) upheld Colombia's sovereignty overboth banks.

Party abbreviations: CD = Centro Democr�tico � Mano firme, Coraz�n grande (Democratic Center � "Strong Hand, Big Heart", christian democratic, anti-communist, Uribismo, split from PSUN, est.15 Jul 2014); **CH = Colombia Humana (Humane Colombia, progressive, democratic socialist, anti-neoliberal, left-wing populist, split from Polo Democr�tico Alternativo [Alternative Democratic Pole], est.16 Sep 2021); PC = Partido Conservador Colombiano (Colombian Conservative Party, center-right, 1990-92 named Partido Conservador Social [Social Conservative Party], est.1848); PL = Partido Liberal (Liberal Party, center-left, 1863-86as PLR, est.1848); PSUN = Partido Social de Unidad Nacional (Social Party of National Unity, center-right, social democratic, Uribismo to 2013, est.2005); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: Con = Conservador (Conservative, 1819-1848); CPPC = Primero Colombia (Colombia First, conservative,reformist, �lvaro Uribe personalist, 2002-2010);FN = Frente Nacional (electoral coalition of liberals and conservatives, 1958-1974); LI = Liberales Independientes (Independent Liberals, centralist, split from PLR, 1880-1887); Lib = Liberal (centralist, 1830-1848); LM = Liberal Moderado (Moderate Liberal); PLR = Partido Liberal Radical (Radical Liberal Party, federalist, name of PL 1863-1886); PN = Partido Nacional (National Party, nationalist, coalition of liberals and conservatives, 1886-1902); UR = Uni�n Republicana (Republican Union, coalition of liberals and conservatives, 1909-1921)

Santa Catalina (Isla Providencia)

1628 - May 1641 English colony ([Old] Providence Island) under Providence Company,
settled from Bermuda.
24 May 1641 Seized by Spain, renamed Isla de Santa Catalina; subordinated
to Audiencia of Panama.
26 May 1666 - Aug 1666 English occupation.
15 Dec 1670 - Jan 1671 Occupied by English pirates.
1671 - 1689 Unoccupied.
1689 Spanish rule restored.
Nov 1803 Separated from Captaincy of Guatemala and placed under the
Viceroyalty of New Granada.
4 Jul 1818 - 30 Aug 1821 (Old) Providence and St. Catherine Islands captured by French
corsair Louis-Michel Aury (b. c.1788 - d. 1821).
23 Jun 1822 Inhabitants of San Andr�s, Providence, and St. Catherine Islands
voluntarily adhere to the Republic of Gran Colombia.

Governors
1628 - 1630 Sussex (Camock) Chaddock (b. 1600 � d. 1659)
1630 - 1636 Philip Bell (b. 1590 - d. 1678)
May 1636 - Jul 1638 Robert Hunt
Jul 1638 - 28 Feb 1640 Nathaniel Butler (b. c.1577 - d. 1650)
Feb 1640 - 24 May 1641 Andrew Carter (acting)
1641 John Humphreys (b. c.1597 - d. 1661)
(commissioned, unable to take up post)
1641 - 1662? Jer�nimo de Ojeda
166. - 26 May 1666 Juan de Ocampo
26 May 1666 - Aug 1666 Samuel Smith (acting)
10 Nov 1666 - 1666 Sir James Modyford (d. 1673)
(commissioned, unable to take up post)
1666 - 1670 Jos� S�nchez Jim�nez
15 Dec 1670 - Jan 1671 Henry Morgan (b. c.1635 - d. 1688)
Office rs for Aury
1818 - 18.. Juan Bautista Faiquere
18.. - 1821 Severo (S�v�re) Courtois

� Ben Cahoon