Venezuela (original) (raw)

Venezuela

to 4 Jul 1811; 25 Jul 1812 - 1 Jun 1816	3 May 1810 - 4 Jul 1811 Flag of the Junta of Defense	4 Jul 1811 - 25 Jun 1812; 8 Aug 1813 - 8 Sep 1814
12 May 1817 - 17 Dec 1819	17 Dec 1819 - 14 Oct 1830	14 Oct 1830 - 20 Apr 1836
20 Apr 1836 - 25 Feb 1859; 15 Jun 1859 - 29 Jul 1863	25 Feb 1859 - 15 Jun 1859	29 Jul 1863 - 28 Mar 1905
28 Mar 1905 - 15 Jul 1930	15 Jul 1930 - 7 Mar 2006	Adopted 7 Mar 2006

Governors
17 Nov 1527 - 24 Feb 1529 Juan Mart�nez de Ampu�s (Amp�es) (d. 1533)
24 Feb 1529 - Aug 1529 Ambrosio de Alfinger (1st time) (b. 1500? - d. 1533)
(= Ambrosius Dalfigner)
Aug 1529 - 18 Apr 1530 Luis Sarmiento (acting)
18 Apr 1530 - 3 May 1530 Juan Alem�n (= Hans Seissenhoffer) (d. 1532)
(acting)
3 May 1530 - 1 Aug 1530 Ambrosio de Alfinger (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Aug 1530 - 12 Sep 1530 Nicol�s Federman (acting) (b. 1506 - d. 1542)
(= Nicolaus Federmann der J�ngere)
27 Jan 1531 - 12 Jun 1531 Ambrosio de Alfinger (3rd time) (s.a.)
12 Jun 1531 - 2 Nov 1533 Bartolom� de Santillana (acting) (d. af.1534)
(= Bartholomeus Sayler)
2 Nov 1533 - 1534 Francisco Gallegos
+ Pedro de San Mart�n
(alcaldes)
1534 - 1 Jan 1535 Rodrigo de Bastidas, obispo (b. c.1480 - d. 1570)
de Venezuela (1st time)(interim)
1 Jan 1535 - 6 Feb 1535 Alonso V�squez de Acu�a (acting) (b. c.1500 - d. 1564)
6 Feb 1535 - 11 Jun 1540 Jorge de Espira (b. 1500? - d. 1540)
(= Georg Hohermut von Speyer)
1535 - 1 Jan 1537 Francisco Venegas (d. 1594)
(acting for Espira)
1 Jan 1537 - 6 Jul 1537 Pedro de Cuevas
(acting for Espira)
6 Jul 1537 - 27 May 1538 Antonio Navarro (acting for Espira)
1539 - 7 Dec 1540 Juan Ruiz de Villegas Maldonado (b. 1509 - d. 1553)
(acting for Espira to 11 Jun 1540)
7 Dec 1540 - 2 Jan 1542 Rodrigo de Bastidas, obispo (s.a.)
de Venezuela (2nd time) (interim)
2 Jan 1542 - 1543? Diego de Boisa (Buiza)(acting) (b c.1500 - d. af1542)
Jan? 1543 - Sep 1544 Enrique Rembolt (Rembold)(acting) (b. c.1500 - d. 1544)
(= Heinrich Remboldt)
Sep 1544 - 1 Jan 1545 Bernardino Manso
+ Juan de Bonilla
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1545 - Jan? 1546 Juan de Carvajal (interim) (b. 1509 - d. 1546)
Jan? 1546 - 9 Jun 1546 Juan de Fr�as (acting) (b. c.1500 - d. 15..)
9 Jun 1546 - Dec 1548 Juan P�rez de Tolosa (b. c.1490 - d. 1549)
Dec 1548 - 14 Jul 1549 Alcaldes
14 Jul 1549 - 12 Jun 1553 Juan Ru�z de Villegas y Maldonado (b. 1509 - d. 1553)
(interim)
12 Jun 1553 - 1557 Alonso Arias de Villasinda (d. 1557)
1557 - 7 Jun 1558 Alcaldes
7 Jun 1558 - 2 Aug 1559 Gutierre de la Pe�a Langayo (d. 1570)
(interim)
2 Aug 1559 - Nov 1561 Pablo Collado (d. af.1567)
Nov 1561 - 3 Sep 1562 Alonso Bern�ldez de Quir�s (b. c.1530 - d. af.1585)
(1st time)
3 Sep 1562 - 23 Jun 1563 Alonso P�rez de Manzanedo (d. 1563)
23 Jun 1563 - 1 Jan 1564 Alcaldes
1 Jan 1564 - 12 May 1566 Alonso Bern�ldez de Quir�s (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
12 May 1566 - 23 May 1569 Pedro Ponce de Le�n y Riquelme (d. 1584)
23 May 1569 - 20 Dec 1569 Alcaldes
20 Dec 1569 - 5 Dec 1570 Francisco Hern�ndez de Ch�ves
(acting)
5 Dec 1570 - Mar/Apr 1576 Diego de Mazariegos (d. 1576)
Mar/Apr 1576 - 8 May 1576 Alcaldes
8 May 1576 - 10 Nov 1583 Juan de Pimentel (d. af.1586)
10 Nov 1583 - Nov 1589 Luis Rojas y Mendoza
Nov 1589 - 13 Jun 1596 Diego de Osorio y Villegas (b. 1540 - d. 1601)
13 Jun 1596 - 7 Apr 1597 Alcaldes
7 Apr 1597 - 15 Apr 1600 Gonzalo de Pi�a y Ludue�a (b. 1545 - d. 1600)
15 Apr 1600 - 18 Sep 1600 Diego V�zquez de Escobedo (b. c.1566 - d. 1609)
+ Juan Mart�nez de Villela (b. 1579 - d. 16..)
(alcaldes)
18 Sep 1600 - Jul? 1602 Alonso Arias Vaca (interim) (b. c.1546 - d. c.1612)
Jul? 1602 - 6? Jul 1603 Alonso Su�rez del Castillo (b. 15.. - d. 1603)
6 Jul 1603 - 27 Oct 1603 Tom�s de Aguirre y Guezala (b. 1565 - d. 16..)
(Gresala) y Plasencia
+ Rodrigo de Le�n Salazar
(alcaldes)
27 Oct 1603 - 7 Feb 1606 Francisco Mej�a de Godoy (b. 15.. - d. af.1606)
7 Feb 1606 - 1 Jun 1611 Sancho de Alquiza (b. 1565? - d. 1619)
1 Jun 1611 - 15 Jun 1616 Garc�a Gir�n (d. af.1617)
15 Jun 1616 - 14 Jul 1621 Francisco de la Hoz Berrio y Oru�a (b. 1579 - d. 1622)
14 Jul 1621 - 10 Apr 1623 Juan Tribi�o Guillamas (d. 1623)
10 Apr 1623 - 12 Sep 1623 Alonso F�lix de Aguilar (1st time) (b. c.1580 - d. 1639)
+ Alonso Rodr�guez Santos (d. 1624)
(1st time)
(alcaldes)
12 Sep 1623 - 31 Dec 1623 Diego Gil de la Sierpa (interim)
31 Dec 1623 - 30 May 1624 Alonso F�lix de Aguilar (2nd time) (s.a.)
+ Alonso Rodr�guez Santos (s.a.)
(2nd time)(to 1 Jan 1624)
+ Nicol�s de Pe�alosa
(from 1 Jan 1624)
(alcaldes)
30 May 1624 - 19 Jun 1630 Juan Manuel de Meneses y Padilla, (b. c.1595 - d. 1645)
marqu�s de Marianela
19 Jun 1630 - 28 Oct 1637 Francisco N��ez Meli�n(b. 15.. - d. 1644)
28 Oct 1637 - 29 Feb 1644 Ruy Fern�ndez de Fuenmayor (b. 1603 - d. 1651)
29 Feb 1644 - 24 Apr 1649 Marcos Gedler Calatayud y Toledo (d. c.1650)
24 Apr 1649 - 14 Jul 1651 Pedro de Le�n Villarroel (b. c.1600 - d. 1651)
Alcaldes
14 Jul 1651 - 1 Jan 1652 Bernab� Loreto de Silva y (b. 1585 - d. 16..)
Vasconcelos
+ Juan del Corro
1 Jan 1652 - 13 May 1652 Agust�n Guti�rrez de Lugo
+ Tom�s de Aguirre y Guezala (s.a.)
(Gresala) y Plasencia
13 May 1652 - 29? Dec 1653 Diego Francisco de Quero y Figueroa(b. 1614 - d. 16..)
(acting)
29? Dec 1653 - 1 Jan 1654 Gonzalo de los R�os Almend�riz de
Rebolledo
+ Melchor de la Riva Herrera y (b. 1604 - d. 1677)
Gamez
1 Jan 1654 - 14 Jun 1654 Luis Arias de Altamirano y Arag�n (b. 1624 - d. ....)
+ Pedro Alonso Hurtado de (b. 1619 - d. 1679)
Monasterios y Mendoza
Governors
14 Jun 1654 - 20 Oct 1655 Mart�n de Robles y Villafa�e (b. 16.. - d. 1663)
20 Oct 1655 - 1 Jan 1656 Lorenzo de Ponte y Villela(b. 1605 - d. 1675)
+ Juan S�enz de la Varguilla y (d. 1662)
Heredia
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1656 - 15 May 1656 L�zaro V�squez de Rojas y Alfaro (b. 1616 - d. 1663)
+ Ortu�o de Tovar y Ba�es de
Mendieta
(alcaldes)
15 May 1656 - 22 Jul 1656 Rodrigo de Bastidas y Pe�alosa (b. 1614 - d. 1683)
22 Jul 1656 - 25 Jul 1658 Andr�s de Vera y Moscoso (interim)
25 Jul 1658 - 20 Dec 1664 Pedro de Porres Toledo y (b. 1616 - d. 1665?)
Vosmediano, conde de Dabois,
vizconde de Booyo
20 Dec 1664 - 9 Oct 1669 F�lix Garci-Gonz�lez de Le�n (d. af.1675)
9 Oct 1669 - 11 Sep 1673 Fernando de Villegas (d. af.1673)
11 Sep 1673 - 13 Sep 1674 Francisco D�vila Orej�n y Gast�n (b. 1617 - d. 1674)
13 Sep 1674 - 1 Jan 1675 Pedro Jaspe de Montenegro (b. c.1625 - d. 1691)
+ Diego Fern�ndez de Araujo (d. 1681)
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1675 - 1 Jan 1677 Manuel Felipe de Tovar y Ba�es (b. c.1618 - d. 1677)
de Mendieta
+ Domingo Galindo y Sayas (Zayas) (d. c.1641 - d. ....)
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1677 - 13 Jul 1677 Pedro Ruiz de Arguinzonis y Laris (b. c.1646 - d. c.1699)
(from 10 Jan 1677)
+ Juan Nu�o Rodr�guez de Freitas (d. af.1722)
(alcaldes)
13 Jul 1677 - 22 Dec 1682 Francisco de Alberr� (d. af.1682)
22 Dec 1682 - 19 Mar 1688 Diego de Melo Maldonado (d. af.1688)
19 Mar 1688 - 19 May 1692 Diego Jim�nez de Enciso, marqu�s (b. 1658 - d. 1704)
del Casal de los Griegos
19 May 1692 - 23 Dec 1693 Diego Bartolom� Bravo de Anaya (b. 1657 - d. c.1703)
23 Dec 1693 - 9 Apr 1699 Francisco de Berrotar�n y Gainza (b. c.1661 - d. 1713)
(1st time)
9 Apr 1699 - 17 Nov 1704 Nicol�s Eugenio de Ponte y Hoyo (b. 1667 - d. 1705)
17 Nov 1704 - 21 Nov 1704 Felipe Rodr�guez de la Madr�z
+ Francisco Alonso Gil y Lovera de (d. 1779)
Ot��ez
(alcaldes)
21 Nov 1705 - 8 May 1706 Francisco de Berrotar�n y Gainza, (s.a.)
marqu�s del Valle de Santiago
(2nd time)(interim)
8 May 1706 - 6 Jul 1711 Fernando de Rojas y Mendoza (d. 1711)
6 Jul 1711 - 22 Sep 1714 Jos� Francisco de Ca�as y Merino (b. 1671 - d. 17..)
22 Sep 1714 - 1 Jan 1715 Antonio Marcelino Ascanio y Tovar (b. 1681 - d. 1742)
+ Juan Luis Arias Altamirano y (b. 1660 - d. 1722)
Quijano
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1715 - 13 Jan 1715 Francisco Felipe Mijares de (b. 1674 - d. 1739)
Sol�rzano y Tovar, marqu�s de
Mijares
+ Juan Juli�n de Ibarra y Herrera (b. 1674 - d. 1721)
(alcaldes)
13 Jan 1715 - 4 Jul 1716 Alberto de Bertodano y Navarra (b. 1660 - d. 1722)
(interim)
4 Jul 1716 - 7 Nov 1720 Marcos Francisco de Betancourt y (b. 1663 - d. 1725)
Castro
7 Nov 1720 - 1 Jan 1721 Antonio Blanco Infante (1st time)
+ Mateo Ignacio Gedler y Aguirre (b. 1686 - d. 1737)
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1721 - 4 May 1721 Alejandro Blanco de Villegas (b. 1663 - d. 1724)
+ Juan de Bol�var y Mart�nez de (b. 1665 - d. 1731)
Villegas
(alcaldes)
4 May 1721 - 11 Dec 1721 Antonio Jos� �lvarez de Abr�u, (b. 1683 - d. 1756)
marqu�s de la Regal�a (acting)
11 Dec 1721 - 21 Mar 1723 Diego de Portales y Meneses (b. 1689 - d. 17..)
(1st time)
21 Mar 1723 - Nov 1723 Miguel Andr�s de Ascanio y Tovar (b. 1685 - d. 1768)
+ Juan Blanco Infante (2nd time)
Nov 1723 - 24 Feb 1724 Diego de Portales y Meneses (s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Feb 1724 - 1 Jan 1725 Francisco Carlos de Herrera y (b. 1671 - d. 1730)
Ascanio
+ Ruy Fern�ndez de Fuenmayor
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1725 - 25 Jun 1726 Ger�nimo de Rada Sifuentes y (b. 1663 - d. 1749)
Escobar
+ Miguel Rengifo Pimentel (d. af.1735)
(alcaldes)
25 Jun 1726 - 15 Jul 1726 Domingo Antonio de Tovar
+ Antonio de Liendo y Blanco (b. 1704 - d. 1761)
(alcaldes)
15 Jul 1726 - 29 Jun 1728 Diego de Portales y Meneses (s.a.)
(3rd time)
29 Jun 1728 - 31 Aug 1730 Lope Carrillo de Andrade Sotomayor (d. 1730)
y Pimentel
31 Aug 1730 - 15 Dec 1732 Sebasti�n Garc�a de la Torre
15 Dec 1732 - 6 Oct 1737 Mart�n de Lardiz�bal y Elorza (d. 1740)
6 Oct 1737 - 12 Jun 1747 Gabriel Jos� de Zuloaga y Moy�a, (b. 1684 - d. 1764)
conde de al Torre Alta
12 Jun 1747 - 1 Dec 1749 Luis Francisco de Castellanos
1 Dec 1749 - 22 Jun 1751 Fray Juli�n de Arriaga y Rivera (b. 1700 - d. 1776)
22 Jun 1751 - 9 Sep 1757 Felipe Nicol�s Ricardos (b. 1689 - d. c.1761)
9 Sep 1757 - 12 Nov 1763 Felipe Ram�rez de Estenoz (b. 1728 - d. 1764)
12 Nov 1763 - 4 Apr 1771 Jos� Solano y Bote, marqu�s (b. 1726 - d. 1806)
del Socorro
4 Apr 1771 - 21 Oct 1771 Felipe de Font de Viela y Ondiano, (b. 1725 - d. 1784)
marqu�s de la Torre
21 Oct 1771 - 25 Feb 1772 Francisco de Arce (b. 1724 - d. 1786)
25 Feb 1772 - 17 Jun 1777 Jos� Carlos de Ag�ero Gonz�lez (b. 1712 � d. c.1780)
17 Jun 1777 - 8 Sep 1777 Luis de Unzaga y Am�zaga (b. 1721 - d. 1790)
Governors and Captains-general
8 Sep 1777 - 10 Dec 1782 Luis de Unzaga y Am�zaga (s.a.)
10 Dec 1782 - 24 Dec 1782 Pedro de Nava (acting)
24 Dec 1782 - 14 Feb 1786 Manuel Gonz�lez Aguilar Torres de (d. 1788)
Navarra y Montoya
14 Feb 1786 - 1 Oct 1792 Juan Jos� de Guillelmi y Andrada- (b. 1744 - d. 1792)
Vanderwilde
1 Oct 1792 - 10 Jan 1799 Pedro Carbonell Pinto Vigo y (b. 1720 - d. 1805)
Correa
10 Jan 1799 - 6 Apr 1799 Joaqu�n de Zubillaga (acting) (d. af.1799)
(Subillaga)
6 Apr 1799 - 9 Oct 1807 Manuel de Guevara y Vasconcelos (b. 1740 - d. 1807)
9 Oct 1807 - 19 May 1809 Juan de Casas y Barrera (acting) (b. 1740 - d. c.1810)
19 May 1809 - 19 Apr 1810 Vicente de Emparan y Orbe (b. 1747 - d. 1820)
19 Apr 1810 - 22 Jun 1812 Fernando Miyares y Gonz�les (b. 1749 - d. 1818)
3 Sep 1812 - 28 Dec 1813 Juan Domingo de Monteverde (b. 1772 - d. 1832)
28 Dec 1813 - 14 Aug 1814 Juan Manuel Cagigal y Ni�o (b. 1754 - d. 1823)
14 Aug 1814 - 1 Dec 1814 Jos� Tom�s Boves Rodr�guez (b. 1782 - d. 1814)
1 Dec 1815 - 1 Dec 1820 Pablo Morillo y Morillo (b. 1775 - d. 1837)
1 Dec 1820 - 24 Jun 1821 Miguel de La Torre y Pando (b. 1786 - d. 1843)
24 Jun 1821 - 3 Aug 1823 Francisco Tom�s Morales (nominal) (b. 1791 - d. 1844)
Presidents of Junta in Defense of the Rule of Fernando VII (later, Revolutionary Junta)
19 Apr 1810 - Aug 1810 Jos� de las Llamosas
Aug 1810 - 2 Mar 1811 Mart�n Tovar Ponte (b. 1772 - d. 1843)
President of the General Congress of the United Provinces of Venezuela
2 Mar 1811 - 28 Mar 1811 Felipe Ferm�n Pa�l (b. 1777 - d. 1843)
Supreme Executive Power (president rotating weekly)
28 Mar 1811 - 3 Apr 1812 First Triumvirate�
- Jos� Crist�bal Hurtado de (b. 1772 - d. 1829)
Mendoza y Montilla
- Juan de Escalona y Ruiz de (b. 1768 - d. 1833)
Arguinzones
- Baltasar Padr�n (b. 17.. - d. 1817)
Provisional Supreme Executive Power (president rotating weekly)3 Apr 1812 - 19 May 1812 Second Triumvirate
(continuing nominally to 25 Jul 1812)
- Francisco Javier Mayz y M�rquez (b. 1766 - d. 1833)
de Valenzuela (to Apr 1812)
- Fernando Rodr�guez del Toro e (b. 1772 - d. 1822)
Ibarra (from Apr 1812)
- Juan Germ�n Roscio Nieves (b. 1763 - d. 1821)
(from Apr 1812)
- Francisco Javier de Ust�riz y (b. 1772 - d. 1814)
Mijares de Sol�rzano
- Francisco Silvestre Espejo (b. 1758 - d. 1814)
Caama�o
General-in-Chief of the Land and Sea Forces
(also styled, Generalissimo of the Armed Forces)
19 May 1812 - 25 Jul 1812 Sebasti�n Francisco de Miranda y (b. 1750 - d. 1816)
Rodr�guez
General-in-Chief of the Liberation Army 8 Aug 1813 - 14 Oct 1813 Sim�n Jos� Antonio de la Sant�sima (b. 1783 - d. 1830)
Trinidad Bol�var y Palacios
Liberato r and Commander-in-Chief of the Army
14 Oct 1813 - 8 Sep 1814 Sim�n Jos� Antonio de la Sant�sima (s.a.)
Trinidad Bol�var y Palacios
Supreme Chief
6 May 1816 - 15 Feb 1819 Sim�n Jos� Antonio de la Sant�sima (s.a.)
Trinidad Bol�var y Palacios
9 May 1817 - 31 May 1817 Abortive attempt at restoring the
United States of Venezuela and its
Provisional Supreme Executive Power
(in dissidence)
- Francisco Javier Mayz y (s.a.)
M�rquez de Valenzuela
- Juan Francisco Antonio (b. 1766 - d. 1822)
Hilari�n Zea y D�az
(alternate to Bol�var [s.a.], who did not accept office)
- Jos� Joaqu�n Cort�s de (b. 1766 - d. 1826)
Madariaga y Lecuna
(alternate to del Toro [s.a.], who did not take office)
Presidents
15 Feb 1819 Francisco Antonio Hilari�n Zea y (s.a.)
D�az (acting)
(president of the Sovereign Congress)
15 Feb 1819 - 17 Dec 1819 Sim�n Jos� Antonio de la Sant�sima (s.a.) Mil
Trinidad Bol�var y Palacios
(acting to 17 Feb 1819)
13 Jan 1830 - 20 Jan 1835 Jos� Antonio P�ez Herrera (b. 1790 - d. 1873) PC
(1st time)(Chief of State to 27 May 1830,
President of the State to 11 Apr 1831)
20 Jan 1835 - 9 Feb 1835 Andr�s Narvarte Pimentel (1st time)(b. 1781 - d. 1853) PC
(acting)
9 Feb 1835 - 8 Jul 1835 Jos� Mar�a de los Dolores Vargas (b. 1786 - d. 1854) PC
Ponce (1st time)
8 Jul 1835 - 13 Jul 1835 Pedro Brice�o M�ndez (provisional) (b. 1792 - d. 1835) PC
13 Jul 1835 - 28 Jul 1835 Santiago Mari�o Carige (b. 1788 - d. 1854) PC
(Superior Chief of State)
28 Jul 1835 - 20 Aug 1835 Jos� Mar�a Carre�o Blanco (b. 1792 - d. 1849) PC
(1st time) (acting)
20 Aug 1835 - 24 Apr 1836 Jos� Mar�a de los Dolores Vargas (s.a.) PC
Ponce (2nd time)
24 Apr 1836 - 20 Jan 1837 Andr�s Narvarte Pimentel (s.a.) PC
(2nd time) (acting)
20 Jan 1837 - 11 Mar 1837 Jos� Mar�a Carre�o Blanco (s.a.) PC
(2nd time) (acting)
11 Mar 1837 - 1 Feb 1839 Carlos Valent�n Jos� de la Soledad (b. 1789 - d. 1870) PC
Antonio del Sacramento Soublette
y Jerez de Aristeguieta
(1st time) (acting)
1 Feb 1839 - 20 Jan 1843 Jos� Antonio P�ez Herrera (s.a.) PC
(2nd time)
20 Jan 1843 - 28 Jan 1843 Santos Michelena y Rojas Queipo (b. 1797 - d. 1848) PC
(acting)
28 Jan 1843 - 20 Jan 1847 Carlos Valent�n Jos� de la Soledad (s.a.) PC
Antonio del Sacramento Soublette
y Jerez de Aristeguieta
(acting) (2nd time)
20 Jan 1847 - 1 Mar 1847 Diego Bautista Garc�a de Urbaneja (b. 1782 - d. 1856) PL
y Sturdy (acting)
1 Mar 1847 - 20 Jan 1851 Jos� Tadeo Monagas Burgos (b. 1784 - d. 1868) PC
(1st time)
20 Jan 1851 - 5 Feb 1851 Antonio Leocadio Guzm�n Garc�a (b. 1801 - d. 1884) PL
(acting)
5 Feb 1851 - 20 Jan 1855 Jos� Gregorio Monagas Burgos (b. 1795 - d. 1858) PL
20 Jan 1855 - 31 Jan 1855 Joaqu�n Herrera y Vald�s (acting) (b. 1813 - d. 1884) PL
31 Jan 1855 - 15 Mar 1858 Jos� Tadeo Monagas Burgos (s.a.) PL
(2nd time)
15 Mar 1858 - 18 Mar 1858 Pedro Jos� Ram�n Gual Escand�n (b. 1783 - d. 1862) Non-party
(1st time)(President of Provisional Government)
18 Mar 1858 - 2 Aug 1859 Juli�n Castro Contreras (b. 1805 - d. 1875) PL
(Supreme Chief of Liberating Army to 26 Jul 1858,
Provisional Chief of State 26 Jul 1858 - 5 Jan 1859,
then interim president)
1 Aug 1859 - 1859 Juan Cris�stomo Falc�n y Zavarce (b. 1820 - d. 1870) PL
(1st time)(Supreme Chief, in rebellion)
2 Aug 1859 - 29 Sep 1859 Pedro Jos� Ram�n Gual Escand�n (s.a.) Non-party
(2nd time) (acting)
29 Sep 1859 - 20 May 1861 Manuel Felipe de Tovar y de Tovar (b. 1803 - d. 1866) PC
(acting; interim to 12 Apr 1860)
21 May 1861 - 10 Sep 1861 Pedro Jos� Gual Escand�n (3rd time)(s.a.) Non-party
(acting)
10 Sep 1861 - 17 Jun 1863 Jos� Antonio P�ez Herrera (s.a.) PC
(Supreme Chief) (3rd time)
17 Jun 1863 - 24 Jul 1863 Antonio Leocadio Guzm�n Blanco (b. 1829 - d. 1899) PL
(1st time) (acting)
24 Jul 1863 - 18 Mar 1865 Juan Cris�stomo Falc�n y Zavarce (s.a.) PC
(2nd time)(provisional [in rebellion from 22 May 1863])
18 Mar 1865 - 7 Jun 1865 Antonio Leocadio Guzm�n Blanco (s.a.) PL
(2nd time) (acting)
7 Jun 1865 - 27 Jun 1868 Juan Cris�stomo Falc�n y Zavarce (s.a.) PL
(3rd time)
27 Jun 1868 - 28 Jun 1868 Jos� Tadeo Monagas Burgos (s.a.) PL
(3rd time)(General-in-Chief of Armies of the Revolution)
28 Jun 1868 - 8 Mar 1869 Guillermo Tell Villegas (1st time) (b. 1823 - d. 1907) PL
(president of the National Executive;
acting president from 22 Feb 1869)
8 Mar 1869 - 20 Mar 1870 Jos� Ruperto Saturnino Monagas (b. 1831 - d. 1880) Mil
Oriach (acting)
20 Mar 1870 - 11 Apr 1870 Juan Vicente Gonz�lez Delgado (b. 1825 - d. 1902) Non-party
(acting)
11 Apr 1870 - 27 Apr 1870 Esteban de Palacios y Vegas (b. 1835 - d. 1876) Non-party
(acting)
27 Apr 1870 - 20 Feb 1877 Antonio Leocadio Guzm�n Blanco (s.a.) PL
(3rd time)(General-in-Chief to 22 Jul 1870,
provisional to 27 Apr 1873)
21 Feb 1877 - 2 Mar 1877 Jacinto Guti�rrez y Mart�nez de (b. 1808 - d. 1884) PL
Alem�n (1st time) (acting)
2 Mar 1877 - 30 Nov 1878 Francisco de Paula Linares (b. 1825 - d. 1878) PL
Alc�ntara
30 Nov 1878 - 1 Jan 1879 Jacinto Guti�rrez y Mart�nez de (s.a.) PL
Alem�n (2nd time) (acting)
1 Jan 1879 - 13 Feb 1879 Jos� Gregorio Valera Linares PL
(acting)
13 Feb 1879 - 26 Feb 1879 Jos� Gregorio Cede�o (b. 1830 - d. 1891) PL
(Supreme Chief [in rebellion from 29 Dec 1878])
26 Feb 1879 - 8 May 1879 Antonio Leocadio Guzm�n Blanco (s.a.) PL
(4th time)(Supreme Director)
8 May 1879 - 12 May 1879 Jos� Rafael Pacheco Rodr�guez (b. 1829 - d. 1884) PL
(acting)
12 May 1879 - 27 Apr 1884 Antonio Leocadio Guzm�n Blanco (s.a.) PL
(5th time)(provisional to 17 Mar 1880)
27 Apr 1884 - 27 Apr 1886 Joaqu�n Sinforiano de Jes�s Crespo (b. 1841 - d. 1898) PL
Torres (1st time)
27 Apr 1886 - 15 Sep 1886 Manuel Antonio D�ez y L�pez de (b. 1838 - d. 1916) PL
Um�rez (acting)
15 Sep 1886 - 5 Jul 1888 Antonio Leocadio Guzm�n Blanco (s.a.) PL
(6th time)
5 Jul 1888 - 19 Mar 1890 Juan Pablo Rojas Pa�l (b. 1826 - d. 1905) PL
19 Mar 1890 - 17 Jun 1892 Raimundo Ignacio Andueza Palacio (b. 1846 - d. 1900) PC
17 Jun 1892 - 2 Sep 1892 Guillermo Tell Villegas (2nd time) (s.a.) PL
(acting)
2 Sep 1892 - 6 Oct 1892 Guillermo Tell Villegas Pulido (b. 1854 - d. 1949) PL
(acting)
7 Oct 1892 - 28 Feb 1894 Joaqu�n Sinforiano de Jes�s Crespo (s.a.) PL
Torres (2nd time)
(acting Chief to 15 Jun 1893, then provisional)
28 Feb 1894 - 14 Mar 1894 Manuel Guzm�n �lvarez (1st time) (b. 1830 - d. 1912) PL
(acting)
14 Mar 1894 - 20 Feb 1898 Joaqu�n Sinforiano de Jes�s Crespo (s.a.) PL
Torres (3rd time)
20 Feb 1898 - 28 Feb 1898 Manuel Guzm�n �lvarez (2nd time) (s.a.) PL
(acting)
28 Feb 1898 - 20 Oct 1899 Ignacio Andrade Troconis (b. 1839 - d. 1925) PL
20 Oct 1899 - 23 Oct 1899 V�ctor Rodr�guez P�rraga (acting) (b. 1836 - d. 1918) Mil
23 Oct 1899 - 13 Aug 1909 Jos� Cipriano Castro Ruiz (b. 1858 - d. 1924) Mil
(Supreme Chief of Restorative Liberal Revolution
to 3 Nov 1899; then president of the National
Executive Power 9 Mar - 1 Apr 1901;
provisional president 1 Apr 1901 - 1 Mar 1902
and 5 May 1904 - 10 Jun 1905)
17 Feb 1909 - 19 Apr 1910 Juan Vicente G�mez Chac�n (b. 1857 - d. 1935) Mil
(1st time)(provisional; acting
for suspended Castro to 11 Aug 1909)
19 Apr 1910 - 29 Apr 1910 Emilio Constantino Guerrero (b. 1866 - d. 1920) Non-party
Guerrero (acting)
29 Apr 1910 - 3 Jun 1910 Jes�s Ram�n Ayala Anzola (acting) (b. c.1832 - d. 1920)Mil
3 Jun 1910 - 19 Apr 1914 Juan Vicente G�mez Chac�n (s.a.) Mil
(2nd time)
19 Apr 1914 - 24 Jun 1922 Victorino M�rquez Bustillos (b. 1858 - d. 1941) Non-party
(provisional)
24 Jun 1922 - 19 Apr 1929 Juan Vicente G�mez Chac�n (s.a.) Mil
(3rd time)
19 Apr 1929 - 13 Jun 1931 Juan Bautista P�rez de Velasco (b. 1869 - d. 1952) Non-party
P�rez (acting to 31 May 1929)
13 Jun 1931 - 13 Jul 1931 Pedro Itriago Chac�n (acting) (b. 1875 - d. 1936) Non-party
13 Jul 1931 - 17 Dec 1935 Juan Vicente G�mez Chac�n (s.a.) Mil
(4th time)
17 Dec 1935 - 18 Dec 1935 Cabinet ministers
- Pedro Rafael Tinoco Smith (b. 1887 - d. 1966)
- Pedro Itriago Chac�n (s.a.) Mil
- Jos� Eleazar L�pez Contreras (b. 1883 - d. 1973) Mil
- Efra�n Gonz�lez C�rdenas (b. 1880 - d. 1969)
- Rafael Cayama Mart�nez (b. 1868 - d. 1944) Mil
- Antonio Arecio D�az Gonz�lez (b. 1892 - d. 1977)
- Rafael Gonz�lez Rincones (b. 1885 - d. 1958) Non-party
- Henrique Toledo Trujillo (b. 1885 - d. 1986)
18 Dec 1935 - 19 Apr 1936 Jos� Eleazar L�pez Contreras (s.a.) Mil
(1st time)(acting to 31 Dec 1935)
19 Apr 1936 - 29 Apr 1936 Arminio Borjas P�rez (acting) (b. 1868 - d. 1942) Non-party
29 Apr 1936 - 5 May 1941 Jos� Eleazar L�pez Contreras (s.a.) Mil
(2nd time)(acting from 19 Apr 1941)
5 May 1941 - 19 Oct 1945 Isa�as Medina Angarita (b. 1897 - d. 1953) PDV
19 Oct 1945 - 15 Feb 1948 R�mulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello (b. 1908 - d. 1981) AD
(1st time)(chairman Revolutionary Government Junta)
15 Feb 1948 - 24 Nov 1948 R�mulo �ngel del Monte Carmelo (b. 1884 - d. 1969) AD
Gallegos Freire
24 Nov 1948 - 2 Dec 1952 Military Government Junta
- Carlos Rom�n Delgado Chalbaud (b. 1909 - d. 1950) Mil
G�mez (to 13 Nov 1950)(chairman)
- Marcos Evangelista P�rez Jim�nez (b. 1914 - d. 2001) Mil
- Luis Felipe Llovera P�ez Secoc�n (b. 1913 - d. 1977) Mil
- Germ�n Su�rez Flamerich (b. 1907 - d. 1990) Non-party
(from 27 Nov 1950)(chairman)
2 Dec 1952 - 23 Jan 1958 Marcos Evangelista P�rez Jim�nez (s.a.) Mil
(provisional to 19 Apr 1953)
23 Jan 1958 - 14 Nov 1958 Wolfgang Enrique Larraz�bal Ugueto (b. 1911 - d. 2003) Mil
(chairman Government Junta)
14 Nov 1958 - 13 Feb 1959 �dgar Sanabria Arcia (b. 1911 - d. 1989) Non-party
(chairman Government Junta)
13 Feb 1959 - 11 Mar 1964 R�mulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello (s.a.) AD
(2nd time)
11 Mar 1964 - 11 Mar 1969 Ra�l Leoni Otero (b. 1905 - d. 1972) AD
11 Mar 1969 - 12 Mar 1974 Rafael Caldera Rodr�guez (1st time)(b. 1916 - d. 2009) COPEI
12 Mar 1974 - 12 Mar 1979 Carlos Andr�s P�rez Rodr�guez (b. 1922 - d. 2010) AD
(1st time)
12 Mar 1979 - 2 Feb 1984 Luis Antonio Herrera Campins (b. 1925 - d. 2007) COPEI
2 Feb 1984 - 2 Feb 1989 Jaime Ram�n Lusinchi (b. 1924 - d. 2014) AD
2 Feb 1989 - 31 Aug 1993 Carlos Andr�s P�rez Rodr�guez (s.a.) AD
(2nd time)(suspended from 21 May 1993)
21 May 1993 - 5 Jun 1993 Octavio Lepage Barreto (b. 1923 - d. 2017) AD
(acting for suspended P�rez)
5 Jun 1993 - 2 Feb 1994 Ram�n Jos� Vel�squez Mujica (b. 1916 - d. 2014) Non-party
(interim; acting for suspended P�rez to 31 Aug 1993)
2 Feb 1994 - 2 Feb 1999 Rafael Caldera Rodr�guez (2nd time)(s.a.) CN
2 Feb 1999 - 12 Apr 2002 Hugo Rafael Ch�vez Fr�as (1st time)(b. 1954 - d. 2013) MVR
11 Apr 2002 - 12 Apr 2002 Efra�n V�squez Velasco (b. 1950) Mil
(chairman of military commission, in rebellion)
12 Apr 2002 - 13 Apr 2002 Pedro Francisco Carmona Estanga (b. 1941) Non-party
(president of transitional government on 12 Apr 2002)
13 Apr 2002 - 14 Apr 2002 Diosdado Cabello Rond�n (acting) (b. 1963) MVR
14 Apr 2002 - 5 Mar 2013 Hugo Rafael Ch�vez Fr�as (2nd time)(s.a.) MVR:2007 PSUV
10 Jun 2011 - 4 Jul 2011 Elias Jos� Jaua Milano (1st time) (b. 1969) PSUV
(acting for absent Ch�vez)
17 Jul 2011 - 23 Jul 2011 Elias Jos� Jaua Milano (2nd time) (s.a.) PSUV
(acting for absent Ch�vez)
24 Feb 2012 - 17 Mar 2012 Elias Jos� Jaua Milano (3rd time) (s.a.) PSUV
(acting for absent Ch�vez)
10 Dec 2012 - 5 Mar 2013 Nicol�s Maduro Moros (b. 1962) PSUV
(acting for incapacitated Ch�vez)
5 Mar 2013 - Nicol�s Maduro Moros (s.a.) PSUV
(acting2 to 19 Apr 2013)
23 Jan 2019 - 4 Jan 2023 Juan Gerardo Antonio Guaid� M�rquez(b. 1983) VP
(acting; in opposition, recognized by U.S. and others)
5 Jan 2023 - Dinorah Figuera (f) (b. 1961) PJ
(acting; in opposition, recognized by U.S. and others)

Executive Vice-Presidents
24 Jan 2000 - 28 Dec 2000 Jul�an Isa�as Rodr�guez Da�z (b. 1942) MVR
28 Dec 2000 - 13 Jan 2002 Adina Mercedes Bastidas Castillo(f)(b. 1943) MVR
13 Jan 2002 - 12 Apr 2002 Diosdado Cabello Rond�n (1st time) (s.a.) MVR
14 Apr 2002 - 5 May 2002 Diosdado Cabello Rond�n (2nd time) (s.a.) MVR
5 May 2002 - 8 Jan 2007 Jos� Vicente Rangel Vale (b. 1929 - d. 2020) MVR
8 Jan 2007 - 6 Jan 2008 Jorge Rodr�guez G�mez (b. 1965) MVR;2007 PSUV
6 Jan 2008 - 25 Jan 2010 Ram�n Alonso Carrizales Rengifo (b. 1952) PSUV
26 Jan 2010 - 13 Oct 2012 Elias Jos� Jaua Milano (s.a.) PSUV
13 Oct 2012 - 5 Mar 2013 Nicol�s Maduro Moros (s.a.) PSUV
5 Mar 2013 - 8 Mar 2013 Vacant 2
8 Mar 2013 - 6 Jan 2016 Jorge Alberto Arreaza Monserrat (b. 1973) PSUV
6 Jan 2016 - 4 Jan 2017 Arist�bulo Ist�riz Almeida (b. 1946 - d. 2021) PSUV
4 Jan 2017 - 14 Jun 2018 Tareck Zaidan El Aissami Maddah (b. 1974) PSUV
14 Jun 2018 - Delcy Elo�na Rodr�guez G�mez (f) (b. 1969) PSUV

�The weekly rotating chairmanship was occasionally held by alternate members: Manuel Moreno de Mendoza y Salas (b. 1755 - d. 1841)(alternate to Mendoza), Mauricio Ayala Soriano (b. 1774 - d. 1813)(alternate to Escalona), and perhaps also Andr�s de Narvarte y Pimentel (b. 1781 - d. 1853)(alternate to Padr�n).

2Due to the ambiguous situation caused by the fact that Hugo Ch�vez (s.a.) was prevented by illness from taking the oath for his next presidential term, which he nevertheless was deemed to have begun on 10 Jan 2013, it is initially unclear whether the vice president, Nicol�s Maduro Moros (s.a.) (as provided in the constitution for the regular case of the death of a sitting president), or the president of the National Assembly, Diosdado Cabello Rond�n (s.a.) (as provided for in the case of an elected president dying before being sworn in), becomes acting president. The government adopts the first interpretation, and it is confirmed by the Supreme Court on 8 Mar 2013, which rules that Maduro became acting president immediately on the death of Ch�vez and then ceased to be vice president; later on 8 Mar he is sworn in as acting president.

Territorial Disputes: Claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River in Guyana (as Guayana Esequiba or Zona en Reclamaci�n), preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; in 2018, Guyana initiated proceedings against Venezuela with the International Court of Justice (ICJ); Venezuela requested a direct dialogue to settle the dispute; the ICJ ruled that it had jurisdiction to hear the case in Dec 2020; in Dec 2023, the Venezuelan Government held a referendum on the disputed Essequibo region and announced measures to exert administrative control over the area; dispute with Colombia over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Venezuela's shared border region; U.S., France, and The Netherlands recognize Venezuela's granting full effect to Aves Island, thereby claiming a Venezuelan EEZ/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines protest Venezuela's full effect claim, Dominica's claim dormant since 2006/2008.

Party abbreviations: AD = Acci�n Democr�tica (Democratic Action, social-democratic, center-left, est.1941); CD = Convergencia Nacional (National Convergence,christian democratic, center-right, split from COPEI, est.1993); COPEI = Comit� de Organizaci�n Pol�tica Electoral Independiente/Partido Social Cristiano de Venezuela (Political Electoral Independent Organization Committee/Social Christian Party of Venezuela, christian-democratic, est.1946); **PJ = Primero Justicia (Justice First Movement, progressive, social liberal, est.2000); PSUV = Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela (United Socialist Party of Venezuela, authoritarian, socialist, Hugo Ch�vez personalist, Bolivarianismo, est.Oct 2007); VP = Voluntad Popular (Popular Will, center-left, social democratic, progressive, est.5 Dec 2009); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: MVR = Movimiento Quinta Rep�blica (Fifth Republic Movement, authoritarian, socialist, Hugo Ch�vez personalist, Bolivarianismo, 1997-18 Dec 2006, merged into PSUV); PC = Partido Conservador (Conservative Party, conservative, centralist, 1830-1908); PDV = Partido Democr�tico Venezolano (Venezuelan Democratic Party, progressive, I.M. Angarita personalist, to 1943 named Partidarios de las Pol�ticas del Gobierno, 1941-1945); PL = Partido Liberal (Liberal Party, liberal, federalist, 1840-1908)

Aves Island

1584 Claimed for Spain by Avaro Sanzze (Isla de Aves),
not settled; but island is later occupied by the English,
Dutch and Portuguese.
13 Jun 1786 Spanish royal decree creating the Audiencia of Caracas attaches
the Windward Islands, Aves included, to it.
15 Jul 1854 U.S. Capt. Nathaniel P. Gibbs on brig J.W. Dow takes possession
of the island for the U.S. Claim is disputed by Netherlands,
U.K., and Venezuela.
13 Dec 1854 Venezuela evicts Dutch and American traders from the island.
Apr/May 1856 Three Boston men, "Mesers. Shelton, Samson and Tappan" in a
dispute with the Venezuelan government, after they claim to
annex the island under the U.S. Guano Islands Act.
14 Jan 1859 By Convention the U.S. settles its claims in favor of Venezuela
in exchange for an indemnity.
30 Jun 1865 Arbitration by Queen Isabella II of Spain awards sovereignty
over Isla de Aves to Venezuela.
1878 - 1912 Island is again occupied by American guano miners until supplies
are exhausted.
4 Jul 1895 Isla de Aves is included by decree in Venezuela's territorial
re-organization by President Joaqu�n Crespo.
1905 Isla de Aves included in a municipality called "Municipio
Oriental" as part of Col�n Federal Territory.
23 Aug 1972 Made a nature preserve by Venezuela (Refugio de Fauna Silvestre
- Isla de Aves).
28 Mar 1978 Venezuela agrees on its maritime borders with the U.S. between
Aves and U.S. Virgin Islands (ratified 24 Nov 1980).
30 Mar 1978 Netherlands - Venezuela agreement gives full effect to Aves
which creates a Venezuelan EEZ/continental shelf extending
over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea.
2 Jun 1978 Venezuelan Navy establishes Sim�n Bol�var Scientific Naval
Base on the island.
17 Jun 1980 Venezuela agrees with France on the maritime border between
Isla de Aves and Guadeloupe and Martinique.
4 Aug 1980 Hurricane Allen splits the island in two, but subsequent coral
reef growth eventually reunites the two halves.

� Ben Cahoon