Confederate States of America government (original) (raw)
Confederate States of America Government
| Map of the Confederate States of America | Hear National Anthem "God Save the South" (1861 - 10 May 1865) | Popular Patriotic Song "Dixie" | Constitution (22 Feb 1862) ----------------------------------- Provisional Constitution (8 Feb 1861-1862) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Capital: Richmond; (Montgomery 4 Feb 1861 - 21 May 1861; Danville 3-10 Apr 1865) | Currency: Confederate States Dollar (CSAD) (Apr 1861-May 1865) | National Holiday: 4 Jul (1776) Independence Day | Population: 9,103,332 (1860) (of which 3,521,110 were slaves) |
| Armed Forces: 439,675 (1865 est.) | Exports: 17million(1863est.)∗∗Imports∗∗:17 million (1863 est.) Imports: 17million(1863est.)∗∗Imports∗∗:5,332,469 (1863 (est.) | Religions: mostly Protestant (Baptist, Methodist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Congregational, Lutheran), some Roman Catholic, and small Jewish minority | |
| Confederate States Index Chronology 20 Dec 1860 South Carolina declares secession. 9 Jan 1861 Mississippi declares secession. 10 Jan 1861 Florida declares secession. 11 Jan 1861 Alabama declares secession. 19 Jan 1861 Georgia declares secession. 26 Jan 1861 Louisiana declares secession. 4 Feb 1861 Congress of the secessionist states convenes in Montgomery, Alabama. 8 Feb 1861 Confederate States of America founded by Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina. 5 Mar 1861 Accession of Texas. 16 Mar 1861 C.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs established to manage affairs with Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek and Seminole nations ofIndian Territory. 20 May 1861 Accession of Arkansas and North Carolina. 23 May 1861 Accession of Virginia. 22 Jul 1861 Accession of Tennessee. 28 Nov 1861 Accession of Missouri. 10 Dec 1861 Accession of Kentucky. 14 Feb 1862 Arizona territory proclaimed part of Confederate States (occupied by Union forces 7 Jul 1862). 9 Apr 1865 Army of Northern Virginia surrenders at Appomattox, Virginia. 10 May 1865 President Davis captured in Irwinville, Georgia; Confederate government extinguished. 26 May 1865 Surrender of Confederate forces west of the Mississippi River. 2 Jun 1865 Formal surrender what is left of the Army of the Trans-Mississippi by General Edmund Kirby Smith at Galveston, Texas. 23 Jun 1865 General Stand Watie becomes the last Confederate general to surrender at Fort Towson in Choctaw lands, Indian Territory. State Treasury War Justice Post Office Navy Congress |
Note: The states making up the Confederate States of America previously seceded from the United States; the secession of Missouri (31 Oct 1861) and Kentucky (20 Nov 1861) affected only geographic parts of those states.
Executives
Chairman of the Congress
4 Feb 1861 (hours) Robert Woodward Barnwell (b. 1801 - d. 1882) Dem
President of the Congress
4 Feb 1861 - 18 Feb 1861 Howell Cobb (b. 1815 - d. 1868) Dem
President
18 Feb 1861 - 10 May 1865 Jefferson Davis (b. 1808 - d. 1889) Dem
Vice President
Vice President
18 Feb 1861 - 11 May 1865 Alexander Hamilton Stephens (b. 1812 - d. 1883) Dem
Department of State
Secretaries of State
21 Feb 1861 - 24 Jul 1861 Robert Augustus Toombs (b. 1810 - d. 1885)
(provisional)
25 Jul 1861 - 17 Feb 1862 Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter (b. 1809 - d. 1887)
(provisional)
17 Feb 1862 - 18 Mar 1862 William Montague Brown (acting) (b. 1827 - d. 1883)
18 Mar 1862 - 10 May 1865 Judah Philip Benjamin (b. 1811 - d. 1884)
Censu s
1860 - 1865 the CSA did not conduct a census
Department of the Treasury
Secretaries of the Treasury
21 Feb 1861 - 18 Jul 1864 Christopher Gustavus Memminger (b. 1803 - d. 1888)
(provisional to 17 Feb 1862)
18 Jul 1864 - 27 Apr 1865 George Alfred Trenholm (b. 1807 - d. 1876)
(acting to 22 Nov 1864)
27 Apr 1865 - 10 May 1865 John Henninger Reagan (acting) (s.a.)
Treasurers of the Confederate States
6 Mar 1861 - 1 Oct 1864 Edward Carrington Elmore (b. c.1826 - d. 1926?)
10 Oct 1864 - Apr 1865 John N. Hendren (b. 1822 - d. 1898)
Registers
16 Mar 1861 - 13 Aug 1861 Alexander Baron Clitherall (b. 1820 - d. 1869)
13 Aug 1861 - 1865 Robert Tyler (b. 1816 - d. 1877)
Comptroller of the Treasury
19 Mar 1861 - 1865 Lewis Cruger (b. 1803 - d. 1879)
Chief Clerk of the War Tax Bureau
1 Oct 1861 - 2 Jul 1863 Thompson Allan, Sr. (b. 1819 - d. 1875)
Commissioner of Taxes
2 Jul 1863 - 1865 Thompson Allan, Sr. (s.a.)
Chief Commissioners of the Produce Loan Office
1861 - 3 Jan 1862 James Dunwoody Brownson DeBow (b. 1820 - d. 1867)
Jan 1862 - 1862 Hansford Duncan Norrell (acting) (b. 1834 - d. 1914)
Chief Clerk of the Produce Loan Office
(from 1 May 1863, Produce Loan Bureau)
1862 - 1865 Archibald Roane
Chief Clerks of the Treasury Note Division
1861 - 10 May 1862 Thompson Allan, Sr. (s.a.)
10 May 1862 - 10 Feb 1864 Sanders G. Jamison
Chief of the Treasury Note Bureau
10 Feb 1864 - 1865 Sanders G. Jamison
Superintendent of the Confederate States Mint, New Orleans
18 Apr 1861 - 26 Apr 1862 William Augustus Elmore (b. 1813 - d. 1890)
26 Apr 1862 retaken by Federa l troops
Chiefs of the C.S. Light-House Bureau
4 Apr 1861 - 18 Apr 1861 Raphael Semmes (officer in charge)(b. 1809 - d. 1877)
18 Apr 1861 - 1 May 1861 Edward F. Pedgard (acting)
1 May 1861 - 5 May 1861 Thomas E. Martin (1st time)(acting)
5 May 1861 - 20 Sep 1861 Ebenezer Farrand (b. 1803 - d. 1873)
20 Sep 1861 - Apr 1865 Thomas E. Martin (2nd time)
(interim)
Commissioners of Customs
1861 - 1865 the Secretaries of Treasury
![[Confederate States
Revenue Marine Customs Service Ensign
1861-1865]](http://www.worldstatesmen.org/CSRCS.gif)
C.S. Revenue Marine Ensign
Chiefs of the C.S. Revenue Marine Customs Service
1861 - 1865 the Secretaries of Treasury
War Department
Secretaries of War
21 Feb 1861 - 16 Sep 1861 Leroy Pope Walker (provisional) (b. 1817 - d. 1884)
17 Sep 1861 - 23 Mar 1862 Judah Philip Benjamin (s.a.)
(acting provisional to 21 Nov 1861,
acting from 17 Feb 1862)
24 Mar 1862 - 17 Nov 1862 George Wythe Randolph (b. 1818 - d. 1867)
17 Nov 1862 - 21 Nov 1862 Gustavus Woodson Smith (acting) (b. 1822 - d. 1896)
21 Nov 1862 - 6 Feb 1865 James Alexander Seddon (b. 1815 - d. 1880)
6 Feb 1865 - 10 May 1865 John Cabell Breckenridge (b. 1821 - d. 1875)
Generals-in-chief (commander-in-chief, operations officer, adviser to the President)
13 Mar 1862 - 31 May 1862 Robert E. Lee (1st time)(de facto)(b. 1807 - d. 1870)
24 Feb 1864 - 31 Jan 1865 Braxton Bragg (b. 1817 - d. 1876)
31 Jan 1865 - 9 Apr 1865 Robert E. Lee (2nd time) (s.a.)
Chiefs of the Bureau of War
7 Jun 1861 - 7 Apr 1862 Albert Taylor Bledsoe (b. 1809 - d. 1877)
7 Apr 1862 - 26 Apr 1865 Robert Garlick Hill Keane (b. 1828 - d. 1898)
Chiefs of the Army Engineers Bureau
8 Apr 1861 - 3 Aug 1861 Josiah Gorgas (acting) (b. 1818 - d. 1883)
3 Aug 1861 - 11 Nov 1861 Danville Leadbetter (acting) (b. 1811 - d. 1886)
11 Nov 1861 - 24 Sep 1862 Alfred Landon Rives (1st time) (b. 1830 - d. 1903)
(acting)
25 Sep 1862 - 17 Aug 1863 Jeremy Francis Gilmer (1st time) (b. 1818 - d. 1883)
18 Aug 1863 - 9 Mar 1864 Alfred Landon Rives (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
9 Mar 1864 - 2 Apr 1864 Martin Luther Smith (b. 1819 - d. 1866)
2 Apr 1864 - 18 Jul 1864 Alfred Landon Rives (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
18 Jul 1864 - Apr 1865 Jeremy Francis Gilmer (2nd time) (s.a.)
Chief of Ordinance
8 Apr 1861 - 26 Apr 1865 Josiah Gorgas (b. 1818 - d. 1883)
Chiefs of the Niter and Mining Bureau
28 May 1863 - 16 Feb 1865 Isaac Munroe St. John (b. 1827 - d. 1880)
22 Feb 1865 - Apr 1865 Richard Morton
Commissioners-general of the Bureau of Prisons
21 Nov 1864 - 7 Feb 1865 John H. Winder (b. 1800 - d. 1865)
14 Feb 1865 - 20 Mar 1865 Gideon J. Pillow (b. 1806 - d. 1878)
20 Mar 1865 - 24 Mar 1865 William M. Gardner (b. 1824 - d. 1901)
24 Mar 1865 - Apr 1865 Daniel Ruggels (b. 1810 - d. 1897)
Chief of the Bureau of Exchange
22 Jul 1862 - 9 Apr 1865 Robert Ould (b. 1820 - d. 1881)
Chief of the Signal Bureau
31 Jul 1862 - 25 Apr 1865 William Norris (b. 1820 - d. 1896)
8 Aug 1864 - Apr 1865 William N. Barker
(acting for Norris)
Surgeon-general
16 Mar 1861 - Apr 1865 Samuel Preston Moore (b. 1813 - d. 1889)
Commissioners of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
15 Mar 1861 - 7 Apr 1862 David Hubbard (1st time) (b. 1792 - d. 1874)
8 Apr 1862 - 1863 Sutton S. Scott (b. 1829 - d. 1907)
1863 - 1865 David Hubbard (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Feb 1865 - Apr 1865 Douglas Hancock Cooper (b. 1815 - d. 1879)
Commanders of the Confederate Department of Indian Territory and
Commissioners (from Dec 1863 Commanders and Superintendents of Indian Affairs)
16 Mar 1861 - 1862 Albert Pike (1st time) (b. 1809 - d. 1891)
(commissioner of Indian Territory)
1862 - 7 Mar 1862 Benjamin J. McCullough (b. 1811 - d. 1862)
1862 - 5 Nov 1862 Albert Pike (2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Nov 1862 - 8 Jan 1863 Douglas Hancock Cooper (1st time) (b. 1815 - d. 1879)
8 Jan 1863 - 11 Dec 1863 William Steele (b. 1819 - d. 1885)
11 Dec 1863 - 21 Feb 1865 Samuel Ball Maxey (b. 1825 - d. 1895)
21 Feb 1865 - Apr 1865 Douglas Hancock Cooper (2nd time) (s.a.)
Department of Justice
Attorneys General
25 Feb 1861 - 17 Sep 1861 Judah Philip Benjamin (s.a.)
(provisional)
17 Sep 1861 - 21 Nov 1861 Wade Rutledge Keyes (1st time) (b. 1821 - d. 1879)
(acting)
21 Nov 1861 - 17 Mar 1862 Thomas Bragg, Jr. (b. 1810 - d. 1872)
(provisional to 17 Feb 1862)
18 Mar 1862 - 1 Oct 1863 Thomas Hill Watts (b. 1819 - d. 1892)
1 Oct 1863 - 2 Jan 1864 Wade Rutledge Keyes (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
2 Jan 1864 - 26 Apr 1865 George Davis (b. 1820 - d. 1896)
26 Apr 1865 - 10 May 1865 John Henninger Reagan (acting) (b. 1818 - d. 1905)
Commissioner of Patents
22 May 1861 - 3 Apr 1865 Rufus Randolph Rhodes (b. 1818 - d. 1870)
Superintendent of Public Printing
1861 - 1865 George E.W. Nelson
Post Office Department
Postmaster General
25 Feb 1861 - 5 Mar 1861 Henry T. Ellet (b. 1812 - d. 1887)
(nominated and confirmed,
but declined appointment)
6 Mar 1861 - 10 May 1865 John Henninger Reagan (s.a.)
(provisional to 17 Feb 1862)
Navy Department
Secretaries of the C.S. Navy
4 Mar 1861 - 2 May 1865 Stephan Russell Mallory (b. 1811 - d. 1873)
(provisional to 17 Feb 1862)
2 May 1865 - 10 May 1865 John Henninger Reagan (acting) (s.a.)
Ranking Officer of the Confederate States Navy
21 Aug 1861 - 17 May 1865 Franklin Buchanan (b. 1800 - d. 1874)
(U.S. prisoner 5 Aug 1864 - Feb 1865)
Engineer-in-chief, Confederate States Navy
21 Apr 1862 - Apr 1865 William P. Williamson (b. 1810 - d. 1870)
Chiefs of the Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography
10 Jun 1861 - 16 Nov 1861 Duncan N. Ingraham (b. 1802 - d. 1891)
Dec 1861 - Mar 1863 George Buckner Minor (b. 1808 - d. 1879)
Mar 1863 - Apr 1865 John M. Brooke (b. 1826 - d. 1906)
Chief Surgeon of the Confederate States Navy and
Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
10 Apr 1861 - Apr 1865 William A.W. Spotswood (b. 1806 - d. 1891)
Superintendent of the Confederate States Naval School
23 Jul 1863 - 2 Apr 1865 William H. Parker (b. 1826 - d. 1896)
Commandant of the Confederate States Marine Corps
23 May 1861 - 10 May 1865 Lloyd J. Beall (b. 1808 - d. 1887)
Senate
President of the Senate
18 Feb 1862 - 18 Mar 1865 the Vice President
President Pro Tempore of the Senate
18 Feb 1862 - 18 Mar 1865 Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter (s.a.) Dem
House of Representatives
Chairman of the Congress
4 Feb 1861 (hours) Robert Woodward Barnwell (b. 1801 - d. 1882) Dem
President of the Congress
4 Feb 1861 - 17 Feb 1862 Howell Cobb (b. 1815 - d. 1868) Dem
Presidents Pro Tempore of the Provisional Congress
10 Dec 1861 - 21 Dec 1861 Thomas Stanhope Bobcock (1st time)(b. 1815 - d. 1891) Dem
23 Dec 1861 - 24 Dec 1861 Josiah Abigail Patterson Campbell (b. 1830 - d. 1917) Dem
(1st time)
6 Jan 1862 Josiah Abigail Patterson Campbell (s.a.) Dem
(2nd time)
7 Jan 1862 - 8 Jan 1862 Thomas Stanhope Bobcock (2nd time)(s.a.) Dem
Speaker of the House of Representatives
18 Feb 1862 - 18 Mar 1865 Thomas Stanhope Bobcock (s.a.) Dem
Supreme Court
The Confederate Constitution of 1861 provided for a Supreme Court, but one was never organized.
The formerly U.S. Federal district courts were re-organized as Confederate district courts on 16 Mar 1861 by act of the provisional Congress.
Party abbreviation: Dem = Democratic Party (southern democrat, pro-states rights, pro-slavery)
� Ben Cahoon