Xavier Sanchez | University of Orleans, France (original) (raw)

Papers by Xavier Sanchez

j.psychsport.2013.10.007. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for... more j.psychsport.2013.10.007. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2017

Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must confo... more Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must conform to the following fair usage guidelines. Any item and its associated metadata held in the University of Cumbria's institutional repository Insight (unless stated otherwise on the metadata record) may be copied, displayed or performed, and stored in line with the JISC fair dealing guidelines (available here) for educational and not-for-profit activities provided that

Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2017

Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must confo... more Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must conform to the following fair usage guidelines. Any item and its associated metadata held in the University of Cumbria's institutional repository Insight (unless stated otherwise on the metadata record) may be copied, displayed or performed, and stored in line with the JISC fair dealing guidelines (available here) for educational and not-for-profit activities provided that

Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2016

Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must confo... more Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must conform to the following fair usage guidelines. Any item and its associated metadata held in the University of Cumbria's institutional repository Insight (unless stated otherwise on the metadata record) may be copied, displayed or performed, and stored in line with the JISC fair dealing guidelines (available here) for educational and not-for-profit activities provided that

El proceso cognitivo conocido como practica mental interesa a la psicologia del deporte hace ya a... more El proceso cognitivo conocido como practica mental interesa a la psicologia del deporte hace ya algunas decadas. Este articulo revisa la literatura existente en este campo: exponemos los conocimientos teoricos de la imagineria mental, revisamos las distintas teorias explicativas de la practica mental, y nos interesarnos en la influencia de sus distintos parametros sobre la actuacion deportiva. La conclusion recomienda la direccion a seguir para aquellos que se interesen en el como actua la practica mental sobre el rendimiento deportivo y no se contenten unicamente en constatar el fenomeno. Hasta la fecha, ha sido ampliamente establecido que la practica mental es un metodo eficaz para la mejora del rendimiento deportivo. Sin embargo, ninguna teoria es lo suficientemente completa para explicar la compleja relacion existente entre practica mental y deporte.

Different forms of information can be used to reinforce the correct execution of a motor skill. P... more Different forms of information can be used to reinforce the correct execution of a motor skill. Past research on the use of augmented feedback has been inconclusive as to which is optimal, although a combination of both knowledge of performance and knowledge of results may elicit the greatest improvement in performance (Hebert and Landin, 1994: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 65, 250–257). The aim of the present study was to examine the effects practice and external feedback had on netball shooting performance in novice players.

Frontiers in Psychology, 2019

In recent years, extreme sport-related pursuits including climbing have emerged not only as recre... more In recent years, extreme sport-related pursuits including climbing have emerged not only as recreational activities but as competitive sports. Today, sport climbing is a rapidly developing, competitive sport included in the 2020 Olympic Games official program. Given recent developments, the understanding of which factors may influence actual climbing performance becomes critical. The present study aimed at identifying key performance parameters as perceived by experts in predicting actual lead sport climbing performance. Ten male (M age = 28, SD = 6.6 years) expert climbers (7a+ to 8b on-sight French Rating Scale of Difficulty), who were also registered as climbing coaches, participated in semi-structured interviews. Participants' responses were subjected to inductive-deductive content analysis. Several performance parameters were identified: passing cruxes, strength and conditioning aspects, interaction with the environment, possessing a good climbing movement repertoire, risk management, route management, mental balance, peer communication, and route preview. Route previewing emerged as critical when it comes to preparing and planning ascents, both cognitively and physically. That is, when optimizing decision making in relation to progressing on the route (ascent strategy forecasting) and when enhancing strategic management in relation to the effort exerted on the route (ascent effort forecasting). Participants described how such planning for the ascent allows them to: select an accurate and comprehensive movement repertoire relative to the specific demands of the route and reject ineffective movements; optimize effective movements; and link different movements upward. As the sport of climbing continues to develop, our findings provide a basis for further research that shall examine further how, each of these performance parameters identified, can most effectively be enhanced and optimized to influence performance positively. In addition, the present study provides a comprehensive view of parameters to consider when planning, designing and delivering holistic and coherent training programs aimed at enhancing climbing performance.

Frontiers in Psychology, 2019

Recently, novel lines of research have developed to study the influence of identity processes in ... more Recently, novel lines of research have developed to study the influence of identity processes in sport-related behaviors. Yet, whereas emotions in sport are the result of a complex psychosocial process, little attention has been paid to examining the mechanisms that underlie how group membership influences athletes' emotional experiences. The present narrative review aims at complementing the comprehensive review produced by Rees et al. (2015) on social identity in sport by reporting specific work on identity-based emotions in sport. To that end, we firstly overview the different terminology currently used in the field of emotions in groups to clarify the distinct nature of emotions that result from an individual's social identity. Secondly, we discuss key concepts of social identity to better understand the mechanisms underlying identitybased emotions. Thirdly, we address existing knowledge on identity-based emotions in sport. We close the present narrative review by suggesting future research perspectives based on existing meta-theories of social identity. Evidence from the social psychology literature is discussed alongside existing works from the sport literature to propose a crucial theoretical approach to better understand emotions in sport.

Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2017

Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must confo... more Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must conform to the following fair usage guidelines. Any item and its associated metadata held in the University of Cumbria's institutional repository Insight (unless stated otherwise on the metadata record) may be copied, displayed or performed, and stored in line with the JISC fair dealing guidelines (available here) for educational and notforprofit activities provided that • the authors, title and full bibliographic details of the item are cited clearly when any part of the work is referred to verbally or in the written form • a hyperlink/URL to the original Insight record of that item is included in any citations of the work • the content is not changed in any way • all files required for usage of the item are kept together with the main item file. You may not • sell any part of an item • refer to any part of an item without citation • amend any item or contextualise it in a way that will impugn the creator's reputation • remove or alter the copyright statement on an item. The full policy can be found here.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016

The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of a traditional yoga practice appr... more The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of a traditional yoga practice approach (morning daily practice, TY) compared to that of a Western yoga practice approach (once-twice weekly, evening practice, WY) on determinants of emotional well-being. To that end, in a pre/posttest between-subject design, measures of positive (PA) and negative affect (NA), mindfulness, perceived stress, and arousal states were taken in 24 healthy participants (20 women; mean age: 30.5, SD = 8.1 years) with an already existing WY practice, who either maintained WY or underwent a 2-week, five-times-per-week morning practice (TY). While WY participants maintained baseline values for all measures taken, TY participants showed significant beneficial changes for PA, NA, and mindfulness and a trend for improved ability to cope with stress at the completion of the intervention. Furthermore, TY participants displayed decreased subjective energy and energetic arousal. Altogether, findings indic...

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2016

Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must confo... more Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must conform to the following fair usage guidelines. Any item and its associated metadata held in the University of Cumbria's institutional repository Insight (unless stated otherwise on the metadata record) may be copied, displayed or performed, and stored in line with the JISC fair dealing guidelines (available here) for educational and notforprofit activities provided that • the authors, title and full bibliographic details of the item are cited clearly when any part of the work is referred to verbally or in the written form • a hyperlink/URL to the original Insight record of that item is included in any citations of the work • the content is not changed in any way • all files required for usage of the item are kept together with the main item file. You may not • sell any part of an item • refer to any part of an item without citation • amend any item or contextualise it in a way that will impugn the creator's reputation • remove or alter the copyright statement on an item. The full policy can be found here.

Sport and Exercise Psychology Research, 2016

In the era of globalization, multicultural societies are common in most developed countries. As a... more In the era of globalization, multicultural societies are common in most developed countries. As a consequence, new challenges at both national and international levels have become apparent, and successful adaptation to this new phenomenon of migration appears as a fundamental issue. Sport has traditionally been considered to be a vehicle for bringing people together (Eitzen, D. S., & Sage, G. H. (2003). Sociology of North American sport (7th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill), and recently there has been an increasing policy interest to use sport as a tool to promote integration in multicultural societies. Regardless of its political significance, research on the integrative role sport plays in our society is limited and findings are equivocal (Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Morela, E., Elbe, A. -M., & Sanchez, X. (2013). The integrative role of sport in multicultural societies. European Psychologist, 18, 191–202). In this chapter, we address these findings within the ethnic-cultural identity approach (Berry, J. W. (1980). Acculturation as varieties of adaptation. In: A. Padilla (Ed.), Acculturation: Theory, models and some new findings (pp. 9–25). Boulder: Westview; Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46, 5–34). In particular, we discuss a number of studies that (1) have used a sound ethnic-cultural identity framework and (2) have attempted to identify variables that may influence the effectiveness of sport participation toward the goal of social integration. Lastly, we address future research venues and provide practical implications that can contribute to the further understanding of the potential role of sport in the promotion of social integration in today’s multicultural societies.

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2016

The interpersonal dimension of emotion regulation in the field of sport has lately received a bur... more The interpersonal dimension of emotion regulation in the field of sport has lately received a burgeoning interest. Nevertheless, how and why athletes regulate their teammates' 19 emotions in competitive setting remains unclear. Across two studies within a team sport 20 context, we uncovered athletes' mechanisms for, and reasons to regulate teammates' 21 emotions during competition. In Study 1, we investigated how rugby (n = 22 males) 22 players' emotions were self-and interpersonally regulated during games. Findings 23 revealed the emergence of a continuum of self-involvement in the regulatory processes, 24 wherein two forms of emotion regulation co-existed: self-regulation (total self-25 involvement) and interpersonal regulation, which included co-regulation (partial self-26 involvement; regulation with others) and extrinsic regulation (no self-involvement; 27 regulation by/of others). In Study 2, we examined the motives that lead rugby (n = 30 28 males) players to use interpersonal extrinsic regulation strategies during games. Interview 29 data indicated that players regulated teammates' emotions for altruistic reasons (to help a 30 teammate), egoistic reasons (for one's own benefits), or both. Overall, our findings 31 further knowledge to better understand interpersonal emotion regulation within 32 competitive team sport contexts. From an applied perspective, findings highlight the role 33 that both individual goals and ego involvement may play in optimising efficient 34 interpersonal regulation during competition at team level.

Psychotherapy, 2015

Laypeople and psychotherapists alike tend to assume that psychotherapists are more effective than... more Laypeople and psychotherapists alike tend to assume that psychotherapists are more effective than the average population in regulating negative emotions. Being receptive to patients' distress and being able to downregulate negative emotions are important skills for psychotherapists to provide effective help and sustain their own well-being. We investigated whether psychotherapists react to negative material differently and downregulate emotions more effectively than individuals working in other, nontherapeutic, professions. Practicing psychotherapists (n ϭ 21) and a control group of nontherapists (n ϭ 18) were exposed to pictures designed to elicit negative emotions in varying intensities and were asked to rate their emotional response, first after viewing them naturally and then after choosing and applying one of two given regulation strategies (i.e., distraction and reappraisal). Both groups responded similarly in terms of emotional reactivity and strategy choices, but psychotherapists were more effective than nontherapists in reducing their emotional response after applying emotion regulation strategies. We suggest that psychotherapists' comparable emotional reactivity and more effective emotion regulation make them well prepared to provide effective help to patients and safeguard their own well-being.

Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2014

Objectives. To examine the role of lyrics on a range of psychological, psychophysical, and physio... more Objectives. To examine the role of lyrics on a range of psychological, psychophysical, and physiological variables during submaximal cycling ergometry. Design. Within-subject counterbalanced design. Method. Twenty five participants performed three 6-min cycling trials at a power output corresponding to 75% of their maximum heart rate under conditions of music with lyrics, same music without lyrics, and a no-music control. Cycling cadence, heart rate, and perceived exertion were recorded at 2-min intervals during each trial. Positive and negative affect was assessed before and after each trial. Results. Participants cycled at a higher cadence towards the end of the cycling trials under music with lyrics. Main effects were found for perceived exertion and heart rate, both of which increased from min 2 through to min 6, and for affect: positive affect increased and negative affect decreased from pre-to post-trials. Conclusions. Participants pedalled faster in both music conditions (with and without lyrics) while perceived exertion and heart rate did not differ. The inclusion of lyrics influenced cycling cadence only at min 6 and had no effect on the remaining dependent variables throughout the duration of the cycling trials. The impact of lyrical content in the musicexercise performance relationship warrants further attention in order for us to better understand its role.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2009

The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between pre-performance psycholog... more The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between pre-performance psychological states and expert performance in non-traditional sport competition. Nineteen elite male sport climbers (M=24.6, SD=4.0 years of age) completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule before an international rock climbing competition. Climbing performances were video-recorded to calculate movement fluency (entropy) and obtain ascent times. Official route scores were also obtained. Successful climbers reported higher pre-performance levels of somatic anxiety and climbed the most difficult part of the route more slowly than their unsuccessful counterparts. The psychological states preceding elite climbing competition appeared to be an important factor in determining success, even when differences in baseline ability were taken into account.

Current Research Topics in Exercise and Sport Psychology in Europe, 2006

ABSTRACT: The first aim of this initiative at European level was to develop an in-depth understan... more ABSTRACT: The first aim of this initiative at European level was to develop an in-depth understanding of exercise and sport psychology, and to create a common language and methodologies between European sport scientists and psychologists in exercise and health-related areas, sport performance, and youth sports. The second aim was not only to develop a better understanding of what sport psychologists have in common in Europe, but also to develop more insight, respect and esteem for differences, cultural particularities, norms ...

j.psychsport.2013.10.007. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for... more j.psychsport.2013.10.007. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2017

Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must confo... more Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must conform to the following fair usage guidelines. Any item and its associated metadata held in the University of Cumbria's institutional repository Insight (unless stated otherwise on the metadata record) may be copied, displayed or performed, and stored in line with the JISC fair dealing guidelines (available here) for educational and not-for-profit activities provided that

Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2017

Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must confo... more Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must conform to the following fair usage guidelines. Any item and its associated metadata held in the University of Cumbria's institutional repository Insight (unless stated otherwise on the metadata record) may be copied, displayed or performed, and stored in line with the JISC fair dealing guidelines (available here) for educational and not-for-profit activities provided that

Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2016

Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must confo... more Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must conform to the following fair usage guidelines. Any item and its associated metadata held in the University of Cumbria's institutional repository Insight (unless stated otherwise on the metadata record) may be copied, displayed or performed, and stored in line with the JISC fair dealing guidelines (available here) for educational and not-for-profit activities provided that

El proceso cognitivo conocido como practica mental interesa a la psicologia del deporte hace ya a... more El proceso cognitivo conocido como practica mental interesa a la psicologia del deporte hace ya algunas decadas. Este articulo revisa la literatura existente en este campo: exponemos los conocimientos teoricos de la imagineria mental, revisamos las distintas teorias explicativas de la practica mental, y nos interesarnos en la influencia de sus distintos parametros sobre la actuacion deportiva. La conclusion recomienda la direccion a seguir para aquellos que se interesen en el como actua la practica mental sobre el rendimiento deportivo y no se contenten unicamente en constatar el fenomeno. Hasta la fecha, ha sido ampliamente establecido que la practica mental es un metodo eficaz para la mejora del rendimiento deportivo. Sin embargo, ninguna teoria es lo suficientemente completa para explicar la compleja relacion existente entre practica mental y deporte.

Different forms of information can be used to reinforce the correct execution of a motor skill. P... more Different forms of information can be used to reinforce the correct execution of a motor skill. Past research on the use of augmented feedback has been inconclusive as to which is optimal, although a combination of both knowledge of performance and knowledge of results may elicit the greatest improvement in performance (Hebert and Landin, 1994: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 65, 250–257). The aim of the present study was to examine the effects practice and external feedback had on netball shooting performance in novice players.

Frontiers in Psychology, 2019

In recent years, extreme sport-related pursuits including climbing have emerged not only as recre... more In recent years, extreme sport-related pursuits including climbing have emerged not only as recreational activities but as competitive sports. Today, sport climbing is a rapidly developing, competitive sport included in the 2020 Olympic Games official program. Given recent developments, the understanding of which factors may influence actual climbing performance becomes critical. The present study aimed at identifying key performance parameters as perceived by experts in predicting actual lead sport climbing performance. Ten male (M age = 28, SD = 6.6 years) expert climbers (7a+ to 8b on-sight French Rating Scale of Difficulty), who were also registered as climbing coaches, participated in semi-structured interviews. Participants' responses were subjected to inductive-deductive content analysis. Several performance parameters were identified: passing cruxes, strength and conditioning aspects, interaction with the environment, possessing a good climbing movement repertoire, risk management, route management, mental balance, peer communication, and route preview. Route previewing emerged as critical when it comes to preparing and planning ascents, both cognitively and physically. That is, when optimizing decision making in relation to progressing on the route (ascent strategy forecasting) and when enhancing strategic management in relation to the effort exerted on the route (ascent effort forecasting). Participants described how such planning for the ascent allows them to: select an accurate and comprehensive movement repertoire relative to the specific demands of the route and reject ineffective movements; optimize effective movements; and link different movements upward. As the sport of climbing continues to develop, our findings provide a basis for further research that shall examine further how, each of these performance parameters identified, can most effectively be enhanced and optimized to influence performance positively. In addition, the present study provides a comprehensive view of parameters to consider when planning, designing and delivering holistic and coherent training programs aimed at enhancing climbing performance.

Frontiers in Psychology, 2019

Recently, novel lines of research have developed to study the influence of identity processes in ... more Recently, novel lines of research have developed to study the influence of identity processes in sport-related behaviors. Yet, whereas emotions in sport are the result of a complex psychosocial process, little attention has been paid to examining the mechanisms that underlie how group membership influences athletes' emotional experiences. The present narrative review aims at complementing the comprehensive review produced by Rees et al. (2015) on social identity in sport by reporting specific work on identity-based emotions in sport. To that end, we firstly overview the different terminology currently used in the field of emotions in groups to clarify the distinct nature of emotions that result from an individual's social identity. Secondly, we discuss key concepts of social identity to better understand the mechanisms underlying identitybased emotions. Thirdly, we address existing knowledge on identity-based emotions in sport. We close the present narrative review by suggesting future research perspectives based on existing meta-theories of social identity. Evidence from the social psychology literature is discussed alongside existing works from the sport literature to propose a crucial theoretical approach to better understand emotions in sport.

Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2017

Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must confo... more Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must conform to the following fair usage guidelines. Any item and its associated metadata held in the University of Cumbria's institutional repository Insight (unless stated otherwise on the metadata record) may be copied, displayed or performed, and stored in line with the JISC fair dealing guidelines (available here) for educational and notforprofit activities provided that • the authors, title and full bibliographic details of the item are cited clearly when any part of the work is referred to verbally or in the written form • a hyperlink/URL to the original Insight record of that item is included in any citations of the work • the content is not changed in any way • all files required for usage of the item are kept together with the main item file. You may not • sell any part of an item • refer to any part of an item without citation • amend any item or contextualise it in a way that will impugn the creator's reputation • remove or alter the copyright statement on an item. The full policy can be found here.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016

The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of a traditional yoga practice appr... more The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of a traditional yoga practice approach (morning daily practice, TY) compared to that of a Western yoga practice approach (once-twice weekly, evening practice, WY) on determinants of emotional well-being. To that end, in a pre/posttest between-subject design, measures of positive (PA) and negative affect (NA), mindfulness, perceived stress, and arousal states were taken in 24 healthy participants (20 women; mean age: 30.5, SD = 8.1 years) with an already existing WY practice, who either maintained WY or underwent a 2-week, five-times-per-week morning practice (TY). While WY participants maintained baseline values for all measures taken, TY participants showed significant beneficial changes for PA, NA, and mindfulness and a trend for improved ability to cope with stress at the completion of the intervention. Furthermore, TY participants displayed decreased subjective energy and energetic arousal. Altogether, findings indic...

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2016

Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must confo... more Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must conform to the following fair usage guidelines. Any item and its associated metadata held in the University of Cumbria's institutional repository Insight (unless stated otherwise on the metadata record) may be copied, displayed or performed, and stored in line with the JISC fair dealing guidelines (available here) for educational and notforprofit activities provided that • the authors, title and full bibliographic details of the item are cited clearly when any part of the work is referred to verbally or in the written form • a hyperlink/URL to the original Insight record of that item is included in any citations of the work • the content is not changed in any way • all files required for usage of the item are kept together with the main item file. You may not • sell any part of an item • refer to any part of an item without citation • amend any item or contextualise it in a way that will impugn the creator's reputation • remove or alter the copyright statement on an item. The full policy can be found here.

Sport and Exercise Psychology Research, 2016

In the era of globalization, multicultural societies are common in most developed countries. As a... more In the era of globalization, multicultural societies are common in most developed countries. As a consequence, new challenges at both national and international levels have become apparent, and successful adaptation to this new phenomenon of migration appears as a fundamental issue. Sport has traditionally been considered to be a vehicle for bringing people together (Eitzen, D. S., & Sage, G. H. (2003). Sociology of North American sport (7th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill), and recently there has been an increasing policy interest to use sport as a tool to promote integration in multicultural societies. Regardless of its political significance, research on the integrative role sport plays in our society is limited and findings are equivocal (Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Morela, E., Elbe, A. -M., & Sanchez, X. (2013). The integrative role of sport in multicultural societies. European Psychologist, 18, 191–202). In this chapter, we address these findings within the ethnic-cultural identity approach (Berry, J. W. (1980). Acculturation as varieties of adaptation. In: A. Padilla (Ed.), Acculturation: Theory, models and some new findings (pp. 9–25). Boulder: Westview; Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46, 5–34). In particular, we discuss a number of studies that (1) have used a sound ethnic-cultural identity framework and (2) have attempted to identify variables that may influence the effectiveness of sport participation toward the goal of social integration. Lastly, we address future research venues and provide practical implications that can contribute to the further understanding of the potential role of sport in the promotion of social integration in today’s multicultural societies.

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2016

The interpersonal dimension of emotion regulation in the field of sport has lately received a bur... more The interpersonal dimension of emotion regulation in the field of sport has lately received a burgeoning interest. Nevertheless, how and why athletes regulate their teammates' 19 emotions in competitive setting remains unclear. Across two studies within a team sport 20 context, we uncovered athletes' mechanisms for, and reasons to regulate teammates' 21 emotions during competition. In Study 1, we investigated how rugby (n = 22 males) 22 players' emotions were self-and interpersonally regulated during games. Findings 23 revealed the emergence of a continuum of self-involvement in the regulatory processes, 24 wherein two forms of emotion regulation co-existed: self-regulation (total self-25 involvement) and interpersonal regulation, which included co-regulation (partial self-26 involvement; regulation with others) and extrinsic regulation (no self-involvement; 27 regulation by/of others). In Study 2, we examined the motives that lead rugby (n = 30 28 males) players to use interpersonal extrinsic regulation strategies during games. Interview 29 data indicated that players regulated teammates' emotions for altruistic reasons (to help a 30 teammate), egoistic reasons (for one's own benefits), or both. Overall, our findings 31 further knowledge to better understand interpersonal emotion regulation within 32 competitive team sport contexts. From an applied perspective, findings highlight the role 33 that both individual goals and ego involvement may play in optimising efficient 34 interpersonal regulation during competition at team level.

Psychotherapy, 2015

Laypeople and psychotherapists alike tend to assume that psychotherapists are more effective than... more Laypeople and psychotherapists alike tend to assume that psychotherapists are more effective than the average population in regulating negative emotions. Being receptive to patients' distress and being able to downregulate negative emotions are important skills for psychotherapists to provide effective help and sustain their own well-being. We investigated whether psychotherapists react to negative material differently and downregulate emotions more effectively than individuals working in other, nontherapeutic, professions. Practicing psychotherapists (n ϭ 21) and a control group of nontherapists (n ϭ 18) were exposed to pictures designed to elicit negative emotions in varying intensities and were asked to rate their emotional response, first after viewing them naturally and then after choosing and applying one of two given regulation strategies (i.e., distraction and reappraisal). Both groups responded similarly in terms of emotional reactivity and strategy choices, but psychotherapists were more effective than nontherapists in reducing their emotional response after applying emotion regulation strategies. We suggest that psychotherapists' comparable emotional reactivity and more effective emotion regulation make them well prepared to provide effective help to patients and safeguard their own well-being.

Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2014

Objectives. To examine the role of lyrics on a range of psychological, psychophysical, and physio... more Objectives. To examine the role of lyrics on a range of psychological, psychophysical, and physiological variables during submaximal cycling ergometry. Design. Within-subject counterbalanced design. Method. Twenty five participants performed three 6-min cycling trials at a power output corresponding to 75% of their maximum heart rate under conditions of music with lyrics, same music without lyrics, and a no-music control. Cycling cadence, heart rate, and perceived exertion were recorded at 2-min intervals during each trial. Positive and negative affect was assessed before and after each trial. Results. Participants cycled at a higher cadence towards the end of the cycling trials under music with lyrics. Main effects were found for perceived exertion and heart rate, both of which increased from min 2 through to min 6, and for affect: positive affect increased and negative affect decreased from pre-to post-trials. Conclusions. Participants pedalled faster in both music conditions (with and without lyrics) while perceived exertion and heart rate did not differ. The inclusion of lyrics influenced cycling cadence only at min 6 and had no effect on the remaining dependent variables throughout the duration of the cycling trials. The impact of lyrical content in the musicexercise performance relationship warrants further attention in order for us to better understand its role.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2009

The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between pre-performance psycholog... more The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between pre-performance psychological states and expert performance in non-traditional sport competition. Nineteen elite male sport climbers (M=24.6, SD=4.0 years of age) completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule before an international rock climbing competition. Climbing performances were video-recorded to calculate movement fluency (entropy) and obtain ascent times. Official route scores were also obtained. Successful climbers reported higher pre-performance levels of somatic anxiety and climbed the most difficult part of the route more slowly than their unsuccessful counterparts. The psychological states preceding elite climbing competition appeared to be an important factor in determining success, even when differences in baseline ability were taken into account.

Current Research Topics in Exercise and Sport Psychology in Europe, 2006

ABSTRACT: The first aim of this initiative at European level was to develop an in-depth understan... more ABSTRACT: The first aim of this initiative at European level was to develop an in-depth understanding of exercise and sport psychology, and to create a common language and methodologies between European sport scientists and psychologists in exercise and health-related areas, sport performance, and youth sports. The second aim was not only to develop a better understanding of what sport psychologists have in common in Europe, but also to develop more insight, respect and esteem for differences, cultural particularities, norms ...