Gökhan Uşma | Adana Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi (original) (raw)

Papers by Gökhan Uşma

INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE, 2023

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to measure user satisfaction in the education buildings on comfort... more Abstract

Aim: The study aimed to measure user satisfaction
in the education buildings on comfort conditions, to determine
and evaluate the significant criteria for the users of education
buildings.

Method: A conceptual scale is developed. Two architectural
education buildings of Adana Science and Technology University
are evaluated comparatively through the developed scale
and the scale is tested. The data required during the analysis
and evaluation process are obtained from the survey studies
that are carried out with the architecture students.
Results: After the analyzes; visual comfort, auditory comfort,
thermal comfort, spatial comfort and air quality were determined
as the dimensions of the scale. The scale was tested and
it is confirmed that the scale is at the level that can distinguish
the conditions of user satisfaction thanks to the analysis as well
as the case studies.

Conclusion: The literature review shows that there is a need
for a more holistic and collective user satisfaction understanding
within the context of comfort conditions. The scale, developed
to meet this need, can be used for not only post-use
evaluation and development in the use/operational process of
education buildings, but also has the potential to be used in the
planning and design stages.

Keywords: User Experience, Conceptual Scale, Environmental
Conditions, Physical Environment Control

Nevşehir SBE Dergisi, 2023

The aim of the study is to evaluate the physical environment control performance in adaptive reus... more The aim of the study is to evaluate the physical environment control performance in adaptive reuse buildings through the "user", which is important in the user-oriented architectural design processes and the feedback stages of the process. A scale was developed to be used in the evaluation process. It consists of seven criteria: heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, acoustics, safety and humidity. With the evaluation propositions included in each criterion, data were obtained from the users. In the study, Hamamlı Konak building, which is located in the Seyhan district of Adana and has been re-functioned, was examined and the users of the building were determined as the sample of the study. The physical environment control performance of Hamamlı Konak, which was examined through its users, was found to be insufficient especially in terms of heating; has average values in acoustic, lighting, ventilation and security criteria and it was concluded that its performance was higher in humidity and cooling criteria. Within the scope of the findings and results obtained in the study, it was found important to make improvements to increase the physical environmental control performance of the building, to increase the comfort conditions of the users in the process of using the building and to increase their satisfaction levels.

E-SCALA, 2023

Many definitions have been made on the concept of space that is encountered as architectural prod... more Many definitions have been made on the concept of space that is encountered as architectural product. This concept has been discussed for many years and various ideas have been developed thereupon. In this regard, this study aims to investigate and brings up for discussion how spatial perception knowledge of architecture students and their interpretation skills of this knowledge have been changed in accordance with their education. In this study, the concept of space, architectural design education and perception are firstly examined. Following the literature review, in the context of topic, award-winning four educational buildings among the contemporary architecture works, which were constructed in and after 2008 are selected. Along with four questions and fourteen attributes identified in company with the findings obtained by the literature review, the students are ensured to evaluate four buildings selected within the scope of the study. The questionnaire participants consist of the students from first, second, third and fourth years in the department of architecture. In the study, when 1st and 2nd year-students are compared with the 3rd and 4th year-students, it is concluded that the 3rd and 4th years pay more attention to parameters, that they have more advanced material, design fundamental approaches and higher awareness level.

Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications

Günümüzde geleneksel konutlar ekonomik, kültürel ve mimari açıdan tehdit altındadır. Geleneksel k... more Günümüzde geleneksel konutlar ekonomik, kültürel ve mimari açıdan tehdit altındadır. Geleneksel konutların, zaman içerisinde yaşanan depremler, afetler ve iklim şartları gibi çevresel koşullara bağlı olarak zamanla genel karakteristik özelliklerini kaybetmesi, koruma tüzükleri kapsamında planlamalarının yapılamayıp, standart ve yönetmeliklere uygun davranılmaması gibi durumlar bu yapıların korunamayıp, günden güne yok olmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Antakya ilinde bulunan geleneksel konutların mevcut hasar tespit analizlerinin yapılması ve elde edilen veriler sonucunda koruma tüzüklerine bağlı kalarak fiziksel çevre denetiminin ve sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması için öneriler sunmaktır. Çalışma Antakya kenti, 3.derece kentsel sit alanı bölgesinde bulunan Kurtuluş Caddesi'ndeki iki geleneksel konut özelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, çevresel etkilerin yapılara nasıl zarar verdiğini ve restorasyon çalışmaları ile fiziksel çevre denetimi sağlanmadığı takdirde geleneksel Antakya evlerinin genellikle su ve nem kaynaklı bozulmalar ile zamanla yok olacağını göstermektedir. Bölgede 2023 yılı şubat ayında meydana gelen depremler nedeniyle geleneksel konutlar da hasar almış, fiziksel çevre koşullarına karşı dirençleri azalmıştır. Antakya kent kültürünün ve tarihinin önemli bir parçası olan geleneksel Antakya evlerinin deprem sonrası mevcut durumu ile ilgili gerçekleştirilecek hasar tespit, onarım ve restorasyon süreçlerinde çalışmanın katkı sağlaması, kaynak olarak kullanılması öngörülmektedir.

İdealkent, 2023

Geçmişten günümüze, toplumlar bir arada yaşayarak bir düzen oluşturmuş ve zamanla yerleşik hayata... more Geçmişten günümüze, toplumlar bir arada yaşayarak bir düzen oluşturmuş ve zamanla yerleşik hayata geçmişlerdir. Böylece köyler oluşmuş ve köylerin zaman içerisindeki gelişimi ile kentler meydana gelmiştir. Teknolojik gelişmeler ve sanayileşme kırsal bölgeden kentlere göç başlamasına neden olmuştur. Hızlı ve kontrolsüz büyüyen kentlerde yaşanan küreselleşme ile birlikte çarpık kentleşme ve tüketimin artması gibi sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna tepki olarak 1989 yılında İtalya'da Slow Food Movement (Uluslararası Yavaş Beslenme Hareketi) düzenlenmiştir. Bu hareketin teşviki ile tüketim hızının azalması, yerel ekonominin iyileştirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın sağlanması ve yerel kaynakların sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanarak gelecek nesillere aktarılması amacıyla 1999 yılında İtalya'da dört küçük İtalyan kentinin dahil olduğu Uluslararası Yavaş Şehir (Cittaslow) Birliği kurulmuştur. Bu araştırma kapsamında, Uluslararası Yavaş Şehir Birliğinin kurucularından olan Bra kenti ile, 2009 yılında Türkiye'nin ilk yavaş şehir (Cittaslow) kenti seçilen Seferihisar kentlerinin Cittaslow üyelik kriterleri baz alınarak gerçekleştirdikleri faaliyetleri karşılaştırılmış ve sürdürülebilirlik bağlamında incelenmiştir.

THE JOURNAL OF WORLD WOMEN STUDIES, Jul 15, 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, şiddet mağduru kadınların hangi kentsel koşullarda ve mimari çevrede yaşadık... more Bu çalışmanın amacı, şiddet mağduru kadınların hangi kentsel koşullarda ve mimari çevrede yaşadıklarını incelemek, yaşadıkları çevrenin şiddet ile ilişkisini analiz etmek ve hangi şiddet türlerine maruz kaldıklarını inceleyerek, nedenleriyle ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda Adana ilinde bulunan Aile İçi ve Kadına Karşı Şiddetle Mücadele Büro Amirliklerine gelerek yaşadıkları şiddetten dolayı şikayetçi olan 100 kadın üzerinde bir anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Adana'nın hemen hemen her ilçesinde bulunan bu bürolara gelerek müracaat eden kadınlara anket uygulaması yapılmış ve farklı kentsel yaşam koşulları ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak her ne kadar farklı yaşam koşulları içerisinde bulunmuş olsalar da, kadınların şiddetin her türlüsüne maruz kaldıkları görülmüştür. Şiddete maruz kalan kadınların büyük bir çoğunluğu yaşadıkları çevreyi değiştirmek istemektedir. Bundan dolayı kentsel dönüşüm gibi çalışmalar ile kentsel yaşam olanaklarının artırılması ve mimari çevrenin iyileştirilmesi gerekliliğine ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca son yıllarda Türkiye'de tartışma konusu olan İstanbul Sözleşmesi ve 6284 sayılı kanun ile kadına karşı şiddet engellenmeye çalışılsa da şiddet mağduru kadınların adli makamlara ve emniyet güçlerine olan güveninin çok az düzeyde olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bundan dolayı şiddettin engellenmesi için, devletin yükümlülükleri artmalı ve bu yönde çalışmalar yapan kuruluşlar desteklenmelidir.

ARTS: Artuklu Sanat ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi

Geleneksel Türk evlerinin mimari nitelikleri, tarih boyunca devam eden, eklemlenen bir kültür bir... more Geleneksel Türk evlerinin mimari nitelikleri, tarih boyunca devam eden, eklemlenen bir kültür birikimiyle, coğrafi ve iklimsel özelliklerin etkisiyle ayrıca bölgenin sahip olduğu sosyo-ekonomik özellikler, inanç, yaşam biçimi gibi etmenlerle ortaya çıkmıştır. Tüm bu bahsi geçen unsurların bir araya gelmesiyle tarihsel süreçte gelişimine devam eden geleneksel Türk evlerinin plan, cephe ve süsleme özelliklerinin daha zengin bir niteliğe kavuştuğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da Anadolu’daki geleneksel Türk evlerini; plan, cephe ve süsleme özellikleri çerçevesinde ele almak ve bütüncül bir bakış sağlamaktır. Bu kapsamda çalışma yöntemi olarak geniş bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Çalışma süreci üç aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Birinci aşamada, geleneksel Türk evlerinin ana ögeleri, mekân kurgusu ve plan özellikleri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiş ve plan şemaları çizilerek örneklerle ifade edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada, cephe özellikleri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar değerlendirilmiş...

ÖZ Van kent dokusu, içinde barındırdığı birçok medeniyetin tarihi, mimarisi, sosyal ve kültürel ö... more ÖZ Van kent dokusu, içinde barındırdığı birçok medeniyetin tarihi, mimarisi, sosyal ve kültürel özelliklerinin zaman içinde birikimiyle oluşmuş, Anadolu'nun önemli bir değeridir. Van konut mimarisi, Anadolu'nun diğer bölgelerinde de olduğu gibi; coğrafi ve iklimsel özellikler, bölgede yoğunlukta bulunan yapı malzemesi ve yapım tekniği, sosyo-ekonomik yapı, aile yapısı ve inanışlar gibi bazı etmenler çerçevesinde oluşmuş ve gelişmiştir. Geleneksel Van evleri taş temel üzerine kerpiç duvar örgüsü tekniğiyle inşa edilmiştir. Anadolu'nun birçok yöresinde ilk yerleşimlerden beri rastlanan ahşap hatıl destekli düz damlar, geleneksel Van evlerinin de mimari özellikleri arasındadır. İç sofalı plan tipinde inşa edilmişlerdir. Geleneksel Van evleri üzerine yapılan araştırmalar ve literatür taraması sonucunda, tescilli konut sayısının bir adet olduğu görülmüştür. 2011 yılında gerçekleşen deprem sonrasında bir kısmı yıkılan veya zarar gören geleneksel Van evleri için herhangi bir koruma çalışması yapılmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise tarihi kent dokusunun önemli unsurlarından biri olan geleneksel Van evlerinin plan özellikleri üzerine detaylı bir inceleme ve değerlendirme yapmak, bu incelemeler sonucunda bir tipoloji oluşturmak ve geleneksel Van evlerinin özgün değerini ve önemini ortaya çıkarmaya katkı sağlamaktır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda, Van'ın merkez ilçeleri olan Tuşba ve İpekyolu ilçelerinde alan çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tespit edilen geleneksel konutlara, yıkılmış olan ve çizim/fotoğraf bilgilerine ulaşılabilen konutlar da eklenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında toplamda 35 adet geleneksel konut yapısı incelenmiştir. Elde edilen tüm veriler ışığında geleneksel Van evlerinin plan tipolojisi oluşturulmuştur.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017

This study was conducted to assess cost-benefit analysis and payback period of two green building... more This study was conducted to assess cost-benefit analysis and payback period of two green buildings located in Turkey. In this context, two buildings in gold and platinum categories according to the LEED certification system were studied to present the actual expenses caused by greening. For gold and platinum certified building respectively; the additional construction cost was found to be 7.43% and 9.43%, the share of soft cost in total construction cost was stated to be 0.84% and 1.31%, reduction in annual energy consumption cost was determined as 31% and 40%, also additional construction cost's payback period was calculated to be 0.41 and 2.56.

Online Journal of Art and Design

Libraries provide learning, study, and research environments for their users. For libraries, the ... more Libraries provide learning, study, and research environments for their users. For libraries, the issue of suitability for the physical, anatomical, and psychosocial needs of users is crucial. Through on-site investigations and surveys, we investigated library units at two universities in the context of ergonomics to see to what extent they are suitable for the user's physical and psycho-social needs. Library A is a library building on a campus and Library B is a library unit is in a multipurpose campus building. On-site investigations and survey results showed that both university libraries could not provide the optimum library conditions for the users. Regression model for Library A showed improvement on equipment and space can increase satisfaction by 35%. Regression model for Library B showed improvement on space can increase satisfaction by 44%. Library A, achieved more successful results in terms of user satisfaction compared to Library B. This paper discusses the importance of taking user expectations into account in libraries, regardless of the type of library or concepts used. Attention should be paid to the concept of ergonomics in library units in order to meet user needs, increase efficiency in research and learning activities, and create a healthy and safe environment.

ACE: Architecture, City and Environment

Energy efficient dwellings are the buildings, energy consumption of which is minimized throughout... more Energy efficient dwellings are the buildings, energy consumption of which is minimized throughout their design, construction process and the whole life cycle. They are also defined as buildings which ensure healthy and productive environments for their users. However, the research on energy efficient dwellings in the literature, on the other hand, mainly addresses the topic in the context of environmental and economic sustainability. Residential user satisfaction, which is among the most important factors in the architectural design process, not sufficiently emphasized in the research on energy efficient dwellings. This study aims to determine the user satisfaction in energy efficient dwelling design and application studies comprehensively. Ultimately, it is aimed to develop a model of user satisfaction measurement which can be used throughout the design / construction process and afterwards to this end. Model components were derived from the analysis of various indicators. In this process, characteristics of energy efficient buildings, certification system criteria, housing quality standards and indicators obtained from the academic studies in the literature were taken into consideration. The assessment proposals formed in this way were applied to the pre-determined residential users, and then the indicators were reviewed. In the light of the data obtained through the field survey, the main themes and sub-indicators of the model were finalized. At the end of all the analyses, the explanatory power of the themes of the model were found satisfactory on the phenomenon that is aimed to measure.

Journal of Turkish Studies

This study addresses the concept of detachment regarding the local identity and vernacular archit... more This study addresses the concept of detachment regarding the local identity and vernacular architecture from its originality by external interventions in the reuse of the old urban fabric. In this study, that the tangible and intangible heritage was not holistically evaluated in the process of transformation of the residential fabric that was in Zenginler District of Antioch. Relevant literature was reviewed. A field study was conducted based on the existing structures, documented using photographs and transformation status in the region was mapped. Cultural values that form the urban fabric of the multi-level Antakya, especially civil architecture work, have been abandoned with the lack of contemporary equipment for many years and changing family structure and lifestyle or have been exposed to unskilled interventions. In the fieldwork, the findings show that the change in the fabric has not shown a homogeneous distribution, and the change proceeded independent from the fabric. The findings also indicate that in the adaptive reuse practices selected as a conversation method in this study, both the tangible heritage and also the intangible cultural heritages have been affected negatively. In the works regarding the conservation of the historical areas, it is important to sustain the original plan layouts, architectural details and integrity of the residents and also purposes of the historical areas that enable the maintenance of the traditional lifestyle when the region is supported in social, cultural and economic aspects.

Turkish online journal of design, art and communication, 2022

The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 2021

Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 2018

Mimaride cephe elemanlarının kullanım biçimi, malzemesi, oranları, birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri ... more Mimaride cephe elemanlarının kullanım biçimi, malzemesi, oranları, birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri cephenin kimliğini oluşturur. Yerel mimaride cephe kimliğinin oluşumu çevresel faktörlere bağlı kalarak bu çerçevede kısıtlanmışken, farklı dönemlerde karmaşık ve yoğun süslemelerle, kullanılan malzemelerle ihtişamın simgesi olmuştur. Yapının kullanım amacı ve gereksinimler cephenin oluşumuna yön vermiştir. Bu kapsamda cepheyi simgesel bir ifade aracı olarak görmek mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tarihsel süreçte birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmış Anadolu kentlerinden biri olan Van"ın kent dokusunun oluşumunda önemli bir yeri olan geleneksel Van evlerini bahsedilen kapsamda değerlendirip, oluşumunda etkili olan faktörleri de dikkate alarak cephe özellikleri ve tipolojisi üzerine bir inceleme yapmaktır.

Books by Gökhan Uşma

Mimarlık & Planlama & Tasarımda Araştırma ve Değerlendirmeler - I, 2022

Sustainable Current Approaches in Architectural Science and Technology, 2022

Since the industrial revolution, developments in technology, rapid population growth, diversity i... more Since the industrial revolution, developments in technology, rapid population growth, diversity in global consumption, uncontrolled urbanization practices, and industrial wastes have led to the depletion of natural resources, climate change, loss of biological diversity, and global environmental problems. In the Anthropocene era, all kinds of consumption-oriented activities leave permanent damage on the earth. The COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters and ecological crises experienced on a global scale in recent years have presented the clearest examples of irreversible damages caused by human beings. These problems have made it necessary for societies to reconsider the economic and ecological system, and for countries, institutions, councils, and academia to develop sustainable solutions and strategies that are more environmentally friendly, contribute to the global economy, and create new employment opportunities. This book brings together theoretical knowledge and practical applications that promote sustainable work and life models, and interprets the understanding of consumption from a new perspective of sustainable contemporary approaches in architectural science and technology, with the emerging new social order. Sustainable Current Approaches in Architectural Science and Technology, prepared by Livre de Lyon Publishing House, compiles research and studies on engineering, architecture, science, and technology in twelve separate chapters. The book aims to contribute to various professionals, academics, undergraduate and graduate students, and organizations operating in the construction industry, which are involved in the design, implementation, and production processes in the field of architecture and engineering. We would like to thank all the chapter authors, reviewers, and Livre de Lyon Publishing House who contributed to the creation of this book. We hope that the book will be beneficial to all readers.

Conference Presentations by Gökhan Uşma

International Paris Congress on Social Sciences- II, 2018

The adaptation of the historical buildings to the changing needs of the present day has been one ... more The adaptation of the historical buildings to the changing needs of the present day has been one of the challenging issues in architectural conservation. The buildings, which were designed and constructed according to the needs, technology, construction material and environmental conditions of the periods of erection, need adaptive measures in order to sustain their presence throughout the historical process. Such adaptation processes require interventions at various levels depending on physical aging, the loss of continuity of the original function, lack of maintenance and repair. In the case of functional discontinuity of historic buildings, adaptive reuse becomes an inevitable option for their protection based on the fact that the dysfunctional buildings are destroyed after a while due to lack of maintenance. In this context, adaptive reuse can be defined as the reusing process of a historic building adapted to serve a different function than the original function that was assigned. From a conservation perspective, adaptive reuse is considered as a way of preserving, while updating historic buildings for contemporary conditions. In other words, the adaptive reuse process provides preservation of the historic building’s character and the important parts, while also presenting new services, changes and additions within significant principles. Given the background, this study focuses on the relation between the major interventions –mainly new additions- to historic buildings and their adaptive reuse. The study carried out via assessment of case historic buildings, which were undergone through adaptation process due to discontinuity of original function. Four historic buildings that provide robust background exemplifying the subject are selected as case studies. The buildings, namely Esma Sultan Mansion, Istanbul Naval Museum, DDB Salt Repository and Kadir Has University Building, are all located in İstanbul. The selected samples are historical buildings adapted to public uses such as education, museum, multi-functional meeting space, cultural centre and offices. They comprise new additions, which are either introduced to interiors, roof or façades during the adaptation process. As a methodology, the buildings are assessed according to criteria derived from literature review on adaptive reuse and design of new additions to historic buildings. Besides, differences and similarities in the conservation approaches of the architects are evaluated and compared to the examples in the world. The results obtained from the research are thought to contribute to the debates on the subject by providing a different perspective through revealing the relation between designing new additions and adaptive reuse of historic buildings.

LIVENARCH VI LIVable ENvironments & ARCHitecture, 2019

The educational migration, which occurs in our country and international area, has significant ef... more The educational migration, which occurs in our country and international area,
has significant effects on built environment and social living place. Individuals,
who move away from their familiar living place to a new environment, need
sense of place attachment and adapting to physical environment. Place
attachment is an affinity for a place or situation. It is the individual's place in
society and also the feeling of belonging to the place. In general word, the
identifications of the individual in terms of which social group and where they
come from, who they are originally are directly related with the concept of
place attachment. Besides the social identity of the new living place, the
sufficiency of the physical living conditions is effective on developing place
attachment sense of individuals. In this context, the relation between place
and place attachment was evaluated through educational migration in the
paper.

VII. UMTEB International Congress On Vocational & Technical Sciences, 2019

The fact that 40-50% of the world's energy consumption is used during the construction or use of ... more The fact that 40-50% of the world's energy consumption is used during the construction or use of buildings reveals the seriousness of the role played by the architecture and construction sector in this context. As a result of this case, sustainability (the emergence of concepts such as energy-efficient buildings, green buildings, passive houses, etc.) is becoming more and more important to minimize environmental damage in architecture. The studies about the use of alternative energy sources in the houses, which are one of the most important sources of energy consumption have provided to bring studies on this issue to the agenda and to accelerate the process in our country. This study aims to investigate the renewable energy use and residential energy efficiency developments on a global scale and to determine and evaluate that Turkey is in what situations in this context over the studies / projects, regulations / reports and strategies. During the study period, literature review has made to reach definitions about the subject; the statistical data, which about the use of renewable energy on a global scale and the scale of Turkey, have reached and these data were evaluated on the charts.