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Papers by Upasana Bhumbla

Infectious diseases in clinical practice, Apr 4, 2024

Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. eBooks, 2018

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Aug 13, 2020

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, May 7, 2023

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the trends of microorganisms and their... more Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the trends of microorganisms and their antimicrobial resistance pattern among ICU patients diagnosed with bacteremia. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory at a tertiary care teaching hospital from August 2021 to July 2022. A total of 2492 blood culture samples were collected from hospital ICUs from the patient with suspected septicemia. All samples were processed using the automated blood culture system BACT/ALERT 3D/60 for the recovery of pathogenic microorganisms, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the automated VITEK 2 Compact system. A Chi-square test was done to assess the statistical significance of our results. Results: Out of 2492 blood culture samples, 296 (11.87%) were identified as culture positive, in which 252 (85.13%) were Gram-negative isolates, 38 (12.83%) were Gram-positive isolates, and 06 (2.02%) were other organisms (contaminants). Gram-negative isolates showed maximum sensitivity to colistin 205 (81.40%), and Gram-positive isolates showed maximum sensitivity to vancomycin 35 (92.10%). Conclusion: Early blood culture results could provide the basis for the appropriate use of antibiotics that can improve clinical prognosis and help in reducing mortality.

Introduction: The subject of tumours of the nervous system is often looked upon with apprehension... more Introduction: The subject of tumours of the nervous system is often looked upon with apprehension by medical practitioners as central nervous system tumours constitute 1-2% of all the neoplasms. Gliomas constitute 38.7% of CNS tumours in which high grade gliomas are 59.5% of patients with systemic malignancies develop brain metastasis during their disease. Glial fibrillary protein is the most frequently used marker in diagnostic neuro-oncology. Positive reaction to GFAP has been demonstrated in astrocytomas, ependymoma and astrocytic cells of mixed gliomas, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, astroblastoma and gliosarcoma. Aim of the study: In the present study the main aim is to differentiate glial tumours from other lesions by morphology and confirmation by using Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) immunostaining. Results: In the present study glial tumors formed the largest group of cases (44 cases; 41.9%) diagnosed on cytology. They were furthe...

Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2022

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the vital cause of morbidity and morta... more Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the vital cause of morbidity and mortality in Western world, though it has become an increasing cause of mortality in India also in the past decade. Another concern is that COPD patients use medications that stimulate the cardiovascular system, including anticholinergic agents and sympathomimetic medications to study the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with COPD. Methods: It was a prospective observational study, which was conducted on inpatient subjects diagnosed to have COPD based on GOLD guidelines 2020, for a period of 1 year in tertiary care hospital. Results: The most of the patients were in 60–80 year age group (70%) and majority was males (87%). All the males (n=87) were smokers (62 ex-smokers and 25 present smokers) while all females (n=13) were non-smokers. The mean BMI for patients with CVD was 25.85±4.19 kg/m2 while for patients without CVD, mean BMI was 27.46±3.98 kg/m2. About 63.2% of the...

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2013

THE present study is based on a consecutive unselected series of 2959 cases with i6 deaths or a m... more THE present study is based on a consecutive unselected series of 2959 cases with i6 deaths or a mortality over all of 0.54. It will be worth our while if we can find the real meaning of these figures. I do not think that I have attended a surgical meeting in ten years in which the question of appendicitis has been discussed, nor have I attended a surgical meeting in ten years in which the question of gastric and duodenal ulcer has not been discussed. The following are five reasons, I believe, that justify my presenting to the American Surgical Association a paper concerned with the mortality in appendicitis: i. Appendicitis is still by far the most important acute abdominal disease that surgeons are called upon to treat. 2. During the year I925, in the United States and Canada, there probably were about 500,000 cases of appendicitis. This figure, of course, is au approximation, it is not literally true; it is not necessary that it should be literally true. 3. During the same year and in the same area there were approximately 25,000 deaths from appendicitis. 4. The death rate from appendicitis equals the combined death rate from ectopic pregnancy, pyosalpinx, gallstones , pancreas, spleen and! the thyroid gland. It nearly equals the mortality from gastric and duodenal tulcer, intestinal obstruction and gallstones .

Workbook for Practical Microbiology

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Background: Surgical infections can be caused through two major sources: exogenous and endogenous... more Background: Surgical infections can be caused through two major sources: exogenous and endogenous bacteria. Surgical site infections (SSIs) is one of the most common complications encountered in surgery. SSI places a significant burden on both the patient and health system, thus a major cause of morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and increased health costs. Objective of this study was to identify and isolate various bacteria from wound infections in a surgical intensive care unit and to study their antibiogram.Methods: Two wound swabs were collected from the wound and from a drop of aspirate, smear was made on clean glass slide and Gram staining was done for direct microscopic examination under oil immersion 100X objective to know various morphological types of bacteria and presence or absence of inflammatory cells. Second swab/drop of aspirate was used for culture by inoculating it on routine media like blood agar, nutrient agar and MacConkeys agar, incubated at 37° C for 24 hours ...

Workbook for Practical Microbiology

Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2018

Background: Wound infections can be caused through two major sources: exogenous and endogenous ba... more Background: Wound infections can be caused through two major sources: exogenous and endogenous bacteria. The probability of wound infection largely depends on the patient’s systemic host defenses, local wound conditions and microbial burden. Despite modern surgical techniques and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis, Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications encountered in surgery. SSI places a significant burden on both the patient and health system. SSI is thus a major cause of morbidity, prolonged hospital stays and increased health costs. Methods: Two wound swabs were collected from the wound and from a drop of aspirate, smear was made on clean glass slide and Gram staining was done for direct microscopic examination under oil immersion 100X objective to know various morphological types of bacteria and presence or absence of inflammatory cells. Second swab/drop of aspirate was used for culture by inoculating it on routine media like Blood Agar, Nutrient ...

Infectious diseases in clinical practice, Apr 4, 2024

Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. eBooks, 2018

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Aug 13, 2020

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, May 7, 2023

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the trends of microorganisms and their... more Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the trends of microorganisms and their antimicrobial resistance pattern among ICU patients diagnosed with bacteremia. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory at a tertiary care teaching hospital from August 2021 to July 2022. A total of 2492 blood culture samples were collected from hospital ICUs from the patient with suspected septicemia. All samples were processed using the automated blood culture system BACT/ALERT 3D/60 for the recovery of pathogenic microorganisms, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the automated VITEK 2 Compact system. A Chi-square test was done to assess the statistical significance of our results. Results: Out of 2492 blood culture samples, 296 (11.87%) were identified as culture positive, in which 252 (85.13%) were Gram-negative isolates, 38 (12.83%) were Gram-positive isolates, and 06 (2.02%) were other organisms (contaminants). Gram-negative isolates showed maximum sensitivity to colistin 205 (81.40%), and Gram-positive isolates showed maximum sensitivity to vancomycin 35 (92.10%). Conclusion: Early blood culture results could provide the basis for the appropriate use of antibiotics that can improve clinical prognosis and help in reducing mortality.

Introduction: The subject of tumours of the nervous system is often looked upon with apprehension... more Introduction: The subject of tumours of the nervous system is often looked upon with apprehension by medical practitioners as central nervous system tumours constitute 1-2% of all the neoplasms. Gliomas constitute 38.7% of CNS tumours in which high grade gliomas are 59.5% of patients with systemic malignancies develop brain metastasis during their disease. Glial fibrillary protein is the most frequently used marker in diagnostic neuro-oncology. Positive reaction to GFAP has been demonstrated in astrocytomas, ependymoma and astrocytic cells of mixed gliomas, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, astroblastoma and gliosarcoma. Aim of the study: In the present study the main aim is to differentiate glial tumours from other lesions by morphology and confirmation by using Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) immunostaining. Results: In the present study glial tumors formed the largest group of cases (44 cases; 41.9%) diagnosed on cytology. They were furthe...

Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2022

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the vital cause of morbidity and morta... more Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the vital cause of morbidity and mortality in Western world, though it has become an increasing cause of mortality in India also in the past decade. Another concern is that COPD patients use medications that stimulate the cardiovascular system, including anticholinergic agents and sympathomimetic medications to study the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with COPD. Methods: It was a prospective observational study, which was conducted on inpatient subjects diagnosed to have COPD based on GOLD guidelines 2020, for a period of 1 year in tertiary care hospital. Results: The most of the patients were in 60–80 year age group (70%) and majority was males (87%). All the males (n=87) were smokers (62 ex-smokers and 25 present smokers) while all females (n=13) were non-smokers. The mean BMI for patients with CVD was 25.85±4.19 kg/m2 while for patients without CVD, mean BMI was 27.46±3.98 kg/m2. About 63.2% of the...

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2013

THE present study is based on a consecutive unselected series of 2959 cases with i6 deaths or a m... more THE present study is based on a consecutive unselected series of 2959 cases with i6 deaths or a mortality over all of 0.54. It will be worth our while if we can find the real meaning of these figures. I do not think that I have attended a surgical meeting in ten years in which the question of appendicitis has been discussed, nor have I attended a surgical meeting in ten years in which the question of gastric and duodenal ulcer has not been discussed. The following are five reasons, I believe, that justify my presenting to the American Surgical Association a paper concerned with the mortality in appendicitis: i. Appendicitis is still by far the most important acute abdominal disease that surgeons are called upon to treat. 2. During the year I925, in the United States and Canada, there probably were about 500,000 cases of appendicitis. This figure, of course, is au approximation, it is not literally true; it is not necessary that it should be literally true. 3. During the same year and in the same area there were approximately 25,000 deaths from appendicitis. 4. The death rate from appendicitis equals the combined death rate from ectopic pregnancy, pyosalpinx, gallstones , pancreas, spleen and! the thyroid gland. It nearly equals the mortality from gastric and duodenal tulcer, intestinal obstruction and gallstones .

Workbook for Practical Microbiology

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Background: Surgical infections can be caused through two major sources: exogenous and endogenous... more Background: Surgical infections can be caused through two major sources: exogenous and endogenous bacteria. Surgical site infections (SSIs) is one of the most common complications encountered in surgery. SSI places a significant burden on both the patient and health system, thus a major cause of morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and increased health costs. Objective of this study was to identify and isolate various bacteria from wound infections in a surgical intensive care unit and to study their antibiogram.Methods: Two wound swabs were collected from the wound and from a drop of aspirate, smear was made on clean glass slide and Gram staining was done for direct microscopic examination under oil immersion 100X objective to know various morphological types of bacteria and presence or absence of inflammatory cells. Second swab/drop of aspirate was used for culture by inoculating it on routine media like blood agar, nutrient agar and MacConkeys agar, incubated at 37° C for 24 hours ...

Workbook for Practical Microbiology

Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2018

Background: Wound infections can be caused through two major sources: exogenous and endogenous ba... more Background: Wound infections can be caused through two major sources: exogenous and endogenous bacteria. The probability of wound infection largely depends on the patient’s systemic host defenses, local wound conditions and microbial burden. Despite modern surgical techniques and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis, Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications encountered in surgery. SSI places a significant burden on both the patient and health system. SSI is thus a major cause of morbidity, prolonged hospital stays and increased health costs. Methods: Two wound swabs were collected from the wound and from a drop of aspirate, smear was made on clean glass slide and Gram staining was done for direct microscopic examination under oil immersion 100X objective to know various morphological types of bacteria and presence or absence of inflammatory cells. Second swab/drop of aspirate was used for culture by inoculating it on routine media like Blood Agar, Nutrient ...