Study of surgical site infections and its antibiogram in a surgical ICU of a tertiary care hospital in south west Rajasthan (original) (raw)
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Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2018
Background: Wound infections can be caused through two major sources: exogenous and endogenous bacteria. The probability of wound infection largely depends on the patient’s systemic host defenses, local wound conditions and microbial burden. Despite modern surgical techniques and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis, Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications encountered in surgery. SSI places a significant burden on both the patient and health system. SSI is thus a major cause of morbidity, prolonged hospital stays and increased health costs. Methods: Two wound swabs were collected from the wound and from a drop of aspirate, smear was made on clean glass slide and Gram staining was done for direct microscopic examination under oil immersion 100X objective to know various morphological types of bacteria and presence or absence of inflammatory cells. Second swab/drop of aspirate was used for culture by inoculating it on routine media like Blood Agar, Nutrient ...
Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major health care associated infections and possess a great challenge to clinicians. It increases duration of hospital stay, associated morbidity and mortality and treatment cost. For prompt and appropriate management, it is necessary to understand the appropriate microbial etiology and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. To determine the prevalence of SSI along with its clinico-bacteriological profile and antibiogram and to correlate with the risk factors.A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata for a period of one year (2020-2021). Post-operative surgical site infections within 30 days after surgery were included in the study. All samples were collected from clinically suspected SSI cases and processed in the lab as per standard laboratory protocol. Vitek®2 compact system (BIOMERIEUX) was used for further identification and antimicrobial susceptibility...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Objectives: Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a common and global problem that contributes to significant morbidity and mortality, prolongs hospital stay, and consequently increases health-care costs. Bacterial resistances pose a challenge and complicated the SSI treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates among patients diagnosed with surgical site infection. Methods: Patients who underwent either elective or emergency surgical procedures were enrolled in this study. For those who developed surgical site infections, specimens from the surgical site were collected and processed at the microbiology laboratory at the tertiary health-care center, Ahmedabad. Results: Out of the 5003 patients, 34 developed SSI. In our study, 37 bacteria were isolated from 34 samples subjected to culture. Thirty-two samples showed monomicrobial growth and two showed polymicrobial growth. Among them, 14 (38%) were Gram-positive co...
AEROBIC BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS WITH ANTIBIOGRAM.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2019
The present study was done on 236 clinically suspected pus samples from patients who underwent surgery between Jan 2017 to June 2017 from Obstetrics and gynecology , General surgery and Orthopedic departments in Government General Hospital,Vijayawada.This study was done to know the incidence of surgical site infections and the prevalence of aerobic bacterial pathogens along with their antibiogram. Surgical site infections (SSI) are the second most common nosocomial infections and have adverse impact on patients. Isolation and identification of the organisms was done by gram stains and culture growth. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method and results were interpreted as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) guidelines. Out of 236 clinically suspected pus samples received in the microbiology laboratory, Siddhartha Medical College, 137 (58%) were culture positive and 99(41.9%) were culture negative. The infection was found to be higher in female patients in age group 21-30yrs than in male patients. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus 38(27.7%) followed by Klebsiella species 29(21.1%)and Escherichia coli 26(18.9%). Antimicrobial profile of gram positive isolates revealed highest sensitivity to amikacin (68.4%),followed by linezolid(60.5%),whereas gram negative isolates showed most sensitivity to amikacin (58.6%) and piperacillin tazobactum (44.8%).SSI are responsible for increasing the treatment cost, length of hospital stay and significant morbidity and mortality.Hence proper, formulation of infection control policies, hand hygiene techniques and optimal preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative patient care can be implemented to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections.
A study of clinico-microbiological profile of surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital
International Journal of Advances in Medicine, 2019
Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is the 3rd most commonly reported infection accounting for 14-16% of all Health care associated infections among hospitalized patients. Surgical Site Infections are responsible for an increased economic burden to healthcare systems, including additional postoperative hospital stay and costs. The present study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to study the incidence, risk factors and associated pathogens of Surgical Site Infection.Methods: A total of 100 patients operated of clean and clean-contaminated surgeries from Orthopaedics, Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of AVBRH, Sawangi were included.Results: Overall infection rate was 6%. Patients in the age of above 71 years showed maximum rate of infection (14.28%) followed by 61 to 70 years (10%) and 51-60 years (10%). Surgical site infection rate was 4.65% (2/43) in clean operative wounds and 7.02% (4/57) in clean contaminated operative wounds. Escherichia coli and Kl...
Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 2019
Background: Wound infections can be caused through two major sources: exogenous and endogenous bacteria. The probability of wound infection largely depends on the patients systemic host defenses, local wound conditions and microbial burden. Despite modern surgical techniques and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis, Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications encountered in surgery. SSI places a significant burden on both the patient and health system. SSI is thus a major cause of morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and increased health costs. Objective of this study was to identify and isolate various bacteria from wound infections in a surgical intensive care unit and to study their antibiogram. Methods: Two wound swabs were collected from the wound and from a drop of aspirate, smear was made on clean glass slide and Gram staining was done for direct microscopic examination under oil immersion 100X objective to know various morphological types of bacteria and presence or absence of inflammatory cells. Second swab/drop of aspirate was used for culture by inoculating it on routine media like Blood Agar, Nutrient Agar and Mac Conkeys agar, incubated at 37° C for 24 hours aerobically. Result: Out of 238 pus samples, 209 (88.6%) were culture positive for bacterial growth and no growth was observed in 29(12.4%) cases. Out of 209 bacterial culture positive cases, 201 were monobacterial and 8 were poly bacterial. Out of 201 bacterial isolates; S. aureus (56/26.6) was the commonest followed by P. aeruginosa (47/22.4%). Conclusion: The study concludes that variety of aerobic bacteria is responsible for wound infection with predominance of Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Journal of Medical Sciences and Health
Context: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common post-operative complications. It causes post-operative morbidity and mortality and prolonged hospital stay. Worldwide SSI rate varies from 2.5% to 41.9%. Aims: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of SSI and to evaluate the bacteriological profile and antibiogram of surgical site pathogens along with determination of multidrug resistance (MDR) pattern among isolates. The study was also aimed to correlate the risk factors and ward with SSI. Research Design: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, SMSR, Sharda Hospital and University. Methods and Materials: It was a prospective study conducted for a period of 6 months. Patients who developed postoperative infections at the surgical sites within 30 days after surgery were included in the study. Statistical Analysis Used: The Chi-square test was used for assessing the relationship between the two proportions. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) was used for analysis. The calculation of SSI Rate was carried out using following formula: SSI Rate = × Total number of culture positive specimens 100. Total number of surgries performed The SSI rate was expressed in terms of percentage. Results: Out of 2128 surgeries, 140 patients developed clinically suspected SSIs. Among these 140 patients, 73 patients were confirmed as SSI, SSI rate being 3.43%. The most frequently isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Escherichia coli. The higher incidence was associated with abdominal surgery. Vancomycin and teicoplanin were found to be most sensitive and Amoxicillin, Class I and II Cephalosporin and aminoglycosides were found to be most resistant. A high level of MDR was noted by E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and S. aureus. Abdominal surgery, smoking, elderly adult, other medical problem or diseases, surgery that lasts >2 h, and overweight are statistically significant (P < 0.05). In MDR, Gram-negative Bacilli cases significant statistical analysis were observed in general surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and ICU (P < 0.05). In MDR, Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci cases significant analysis were observed in orthopedics, obstetrics, and gynecology and ICU (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The rate of SSI is higher in developing countries. SSI surveillance should be performed regularly to identify the common pathogens and antibiotics should be used accordingly.
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2015
Surgical site infections (SSI) constitute a major public health problem worldwide and are the second most frequently reported nosocomial infections. They are responsible for increasing the treatment cost, length of hospital stay and significant morbidity and mortality. To determine the incidence of SSIs and the prevalence of aerobic bacterial pathogens involved with their antibiogram. Samples were collected using sterile cotton swabs from 137 patients clinically diagnosed of having SSIs and were processed as per standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. This cross sectional study was conducted for a period of six months (January 2013 to June 2013) in the Department of Microbiology at a rural tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand state, India. Out of 768 patients, 137 (17.8%) were found to have SSIs and samples were collected from them. Out of total 137 samples, 132 (96.4%) yielded bacterial gr...
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2019
Introduction: A surgical site infections (SSI) are a 3rd most common nosocomial infection and is responsible for morbidity, mortality and increased healthcare costs. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of this study is to identify the isolates causing surgical site infections and its anti-microbial susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: A total 50 cases of surgical site infections were taken for the study. The suspected samples were processed by using standard microbiological methods. The modified Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility pattern. The isolates of Enterobacteriaceae family were initially screened for ESBL production and were further confirmed by Double Disk Synergy Test as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Reference strains of E. coli (ATCC 25922), P. aeruginosa (ATCC-27853), S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and Klebsiella 700603 were used as controls. Result: Out of 50 samples, 19(38%) were culture positive and total 23 organisms were isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9 (39.13%) was the most common organism isolated, followed by Klebsiella spp. 5 (21.73%), Staphylococcus aureus 3 (13.04%). Most of the Gram-negative isolates were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem followed by piperacillin-tazobactam. Gram-positive organisms were found to be more sensitive to levofloxacin, linezolid and vancomycin. ESBL production was seen among 44.44% isolates of Enterobacteriaceae family. Conclusion: The rate of infection reflects on patient's care and standard of treatment in any hospital. Thus, better stewardship of SSI is required with accurate antibiotic policies. Periodic monitoring of etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility in the community and hospital settings is recommended. Keywords: Surgical site infection, Bacteriological profile, Antibiotic susceptibility test, ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase).