Ismat Dmour | Albaha University (original) (raw)

Papers by Ismat Dmour

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancement of FMIPv6 by Utilising Concurent Binding Update Process

Proceeding of the Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerability Analysis of a Mutual Authentication Protocol Conforming to EPC Class-1 Generation-2 Standard

Proceeding of the Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics

Research paper thumbnail of SeamSAR: Seamless, Secure And Robust Handover Model for Mobile IPTV Network Using Enhanced FMIPv6

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

Multimedia becomes one of the most wanted content in the modern Internet world. Since the Mobile ... more Multimedia becomes one of the most wanted content in the modern Internet world. Since the Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (MIPv6) was proposed, many researchers have tried to develop a new protocol based on this technology in order to improve the performance of mobile multimedia services. The world is emerging toward the Mobile Internet Protocol Television (MIPTV) era where people are enabled to watch television while roaming. The MIPTV technology requires high bandwidth and low latency handover. This paper proposes a new model of secure and robust handover with low handover latency, called SeamSAR. The model introduces a new way to perform home binding update and correspondent binding update simultaneously. Simulation results show that the proposed model reduced the handover latency to 63% compared to FMIPv6. Moreover, the secureness of the proposed model was verified using CMurphi simulator.

Research paper thumbnail of Network Selection Problems - QoE vs QoS Who is the Winner?

Computer Engineering and Applications Journal

In network selection problem (NSP), there are now two schools of thought. There are those who thi... more In network selection problem (NSP), there are now two schools of thought. There are those who think using QoE (Quality of Experience) is the best yardstick to measure the suitability of a Candidate Network (CN) to handover to. On the other hand, Quality of Service (QoS) is also advocated as the solution for network selection problems. In this article, a comprehensive framework that supports effective and efficient network selection is presented. The framework  attempts to provide a holistic solution to network selection problem that is achieved by combining both of the QoS and QoE measures.  Using this hybrid solution the best qualities in both methods are combined to overcome issues of the network selection problem According to ITU-R (International Telecommunications Union – Radio Standardization Sector), a 4G network is defined as having peak data rates of 100Mb/s for mobile nodes with speed up to 250 km/hr and 1Gb/s for mobile nodes moving at pedestrian speed. Based on th...

Research paper thumbnail of Wireless Broadband Tools and Their Evolution Towards 5G Networks

Wireless Personal Communications, 2017

Telecom companies in the different generations resorted to different tools to conquer connectivit... more Telecom companies in the different generations resorted to different tools to conquer connectivity issues like coverage, throughput and quality of service. The success is driving new services of diversified requirements and more traffic which dictates a continuous increase in data rates and improved performance. This work reviews the different technology tools used to meet rates and traffic requirements of the past and the present with a look into their role in future networks. The coming fifth generation (5G), in particular, is confronted by a number of antonym challenges of capacity, spectrum, energy, connectivity, performance, complexity, and cost. Suggested tools proposed to meet these challenges and the way they act to do so are reviewed and compared to current and past solutions. The tools discussed are the use of millimetric waves, massive multiple input multiple output antenna systems, indoor–outdoor separation, ultra-dense cooperative networks, and the increased reliance on users’ terminals. The major constructional differences and tools differences between current and future 5G are finally emphasized.

Research paper thumbnail of Capacity Bounds Analysis of Switched Beam Smart Antennas in CDMA Systems

Research paper thumbnail of LTE and WiMAX: Comparison and Future Perspective

Communications and Network, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Uplink Capacity/Coverage Analysis of WCDMA with Switched Beam Smart Antennae

Wireless Personal Communications, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Performance Model of a WIMAX 2.0 All-IP 4G System

Wireless Personal Communications, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Teaching and Learning Computer Science at Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia: Insights from a Staff Development Course

2015 International Conference on Learning and Teaching in Computing and Engineering, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Social Networks as Effective Students-Instructor Communication and Collaboration Tool: Case Study of Computer Engineering Students

— The instructor of third-year computer engineering students resorted to the use of social networ... more — The instructor of third-year computer engineering students resorted to the use of social networks (WhatsApp group) as a supplementary method of communicating with the students outside lecture times. The group was used by the instructor to make announcements, reminders and to comment on or answer students' questions. The group was used by the students to ask questions and to communicate with the instructor to provide feedback on difficulties and other issues. They also resorted to direct communication with the instructor to discuss their own difficulties privately. Assessment was carried out using students' feedback through a survey questionnaire together with the instructor's insights and notes. This method of communication was found to appeal to the students and was shown to have different positive impacts. The method proved to be a valuable communication tool that can support the traditional office meetings.

Research paper thumbnail of Video Recorded Lectures as a Supplementary Resource in Teaching Electrical and Electronic Circuits: Students' Perception and Instructor's Insights

— Video recording of active classroom lectures in two courses; electric circuits II and Microelec... more — Video recording of active classroom lectures in two courses; electric circuits II and Microelectronics I were made available to third-year computer engineering classes for use as a supplementary resource. The videos were recorded and edited by the instructor himself using special video software. Lectures were conducted using smart board and a smart board software. This technique was found to appeal to computer engineering students and was shown to be effective regardless of a student's academic level. Students resorted to this resource in reviewing the material, in solving homework assignments, and in preparing for the exams. Based on students' feedback using a survey questionnaire and the instructor's notes, the videos proved to be as a valuable resource that can support the traditional in-classroom instruction. It was also found to be effective in overcoming some English related obstacles to teaching-learning process such as difficulties in notes taking, difficulties in text book review and difficulties in dealing with English terms.

Research paper thumbnail of Uplink capacity/coverage analysis of WCDMA with switched beam smart antennae

Research paper thumbnail of CAPACITY BOUNDS ANALYSIS OF SWITCHED BEAM SMART ANTENNAS UNDER CDMA

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerability Analysis of a Mutual Authentication Protocol Conforming to EPC Class-1 Generation-2 Standard

—In this paper we scrutinize the security properties of an RFID authentication protocol conformin... more —In this paper we scrutinize the security properties of an RFID authentication protocol conforming to the EPC Class-1 Generation-2 standard. The protocol is suitable for Gen-2 passive tags and requires simple computations. The authors claim that the scheme provides privacy protection and authentication and offers resistant against commonly assumed attacks. We propose a de-synchronization and an impersonation attack in which the disclosing of the secret information (i.e. secret key and static identifier) shared between the tag and the reader is unnecessary to success in these attacks. Keywords—

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancement of FMIPv6 by Utilising Concurent Binding Update Process

— The world is progressing toward the Mobile Internet Protocol Television (MIPTV) era where peopl... more — The world is progressing toward the Mobile Internet Protocol Television (MIPTV) era where people are able to watch television while roaming. The MIPTV technology requires high bandwidth and low latency handover. This paper enhances the binding updates process in the Fast Handover Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) to improve its handover process performance in term of secureness and robustness, by implementing concurant binding update process thru the use of the International Mobile Subscriber Identifier (IMSI). Simulation results show that the proposed idea reduces the handover latency to about 63% compared to standard FMIPv6. Keywords—

Research paper thumbnail of Wireless Broadband tools and their evolution towards 5G networks

— Telecom companies in the different generations resorted to different tools to conquer connectiv... more — Telecom companies in the different generations resorted to different tools to conquer connectivity issues like coverage, throughput and quality of service (QoS). The success is driving new services of diversified requirements and more traffic which dictates a continuous increase in data rates and improved performance. This work reviews the different technology tools used to meet rates and traffic requirements of the past and the present with a look into their role in future networks. The coming fifth generation (5G), in particular, is confronted by a number of antonym challenges of capacity, spectrum, energy, connectivity, performance, complexity, and cost. Suggested tools proposed to meet these challenges and the way they act to do so are reviewed and compared to current and past solutions. The tools discussed are the use of millimetric waves (mm-Waves), massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna systems, indoor–outdoor separation, ultra-dense cooperative networks, and the increased reliance on users' terminals. The major constructional differences and tools differences between current and future 5G are finally emphasized. Index Terms—Wireless Broadband Tools, Broadband Evolution, Broadband Future, 5G.

Research paper thumbnail of SeamSAR: Seamless, Secure And Robust Handover Model For Mobile IPTV Network Using Enhanced FMIPv6

Multimedia becomes one of the most wanted content in the modern Internet world. Since the Mobile ... more Multimedia becomes one of the most wanted content in the modern Internet world. Since the Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (MIPv6) was proposed, many researchers have tried to develop a new protocol based on this technology in order to improve the performance of mobile multimedia services. The world is emerging toward the Mobile Internet Protocol Television (MIPTV) era where people are enabled to watch television while roaming. The MIPTV technology requires high bandwidth and low latency handover. This paper proposes a new model of secure and robust handover with low handover latency, called SeamSAR. The model introduces a new way to perform home binding update and correspondent binding update simultaneously. Simulation results show that the proposed model reduced the handover latency to 63% compared to FMIPv6. Moreover, the secureness of the proposed model was verified using CMurphi simulator. 1. INTRODUCTION According to [1] most of mobile multimedia (e.g.: Mobile IPTV) technical obstacles are related to the wireless links. To guarantee the mobile IPTV works normally, a minimum bandwidth of 2-3 Mbps needs to be provided due to the characteristic of the mobile IPTV services. The limitations of wireless technology itself become problems in efforts to porting the traditional IPTV features into the mobile format. The most challenging yet disturbing limitation is the handover process, which occurs when users do a movement from one area into another area, especially that future networks will be characterized by frequent handovers due to the adoption of small cells. The handover process may disturb the reception of data and therefore it distresses the mobile IPTV users and produces undesired time improvidence. Mobility in Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is basic of upcoming services. Reducing the effect of handover potentially will reduce the data loss possibility and decrease the latency time. Current protocols such as Fast Handover Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6), Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Mobility Management (HMIPv6) use the MAC address for authentication in their binding update processess to perform Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) process. In this process, the home agent binding update and corresponding node binding update process have to be done sequentialy. This work proposes the use of the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) for the authentication process, as such we can perform the binding update processes concurently as shown in Figure 1.

Research paper thumbnail of Network Selection Problems -QoE vs QoS. Who is the Winner

In network selection problem (NSP), there are now two schools of thought. There are those who thi... more In network selection problem (NSP), there are now two schools of thought. There are those who think that using Quality of Experience (QoE) is the best yardstick to measure the suitability of a Candidate Network (CN) to handover to. On the other hand, Quality of Service (QoS) is also advocated as the solution for network selection problems. In this article, a comprehensive framework that supports effective and efficient network selection is presented. The framework attempts to provide a holistic solution to network selection problems that is achieved by combining both of the QoS and the QoE measures. Using this hybrid solution the best qualities in both methods are combined to overcome issues of the network selection problem. According to ITU-R (International Telecommunications Union – Radio Standardization Sector), a 4G network is defined as having peak data rates of 100Mb/s for mobile nodes with speed up to 250 km/hr and 1Gb/s for mobile nodes moving at pedestrian speed. Based on this definition, it is safe to say that the mobile nodes (MN) which can go from pedestrian speed to speed of up to 250 km/hr will be the norm in the future. This indicates that the MN " s mobility will be highly dynamic. In particular, this article addresses the issues of network selection for high speed MN " s in 4G networks. The framework presented in this article also discusses how the QoS value collected from CNs can be fine-tuned to better reflect an MN " s current mobility scenario.

Research paper thumbnail of LTE and WiMAX: Comparison and Future Perspective

Two wireless technologies, WiMAX based on IEEE standards and LTE standardized by 3GPP, are two co... more Two wireless technologies, WiMAX based on IEEE standards and LTE standardized by 3GPP, are two competing technologies, nevertheless, are very technically similar. This competition started with the advent of their pre-4G versions (802.16e for Mobile WiMAX and 3GPP release 8 for LTE) and continued with the advent of their 4G versions (WiMAX 2.0 based on IEEE 802.16 m and LTE-Advanced standardized by Release 10). It looks that the competition ended with the advantage of LTE. Plans are set for WiMAX to migrate/integrate with LTE in a multiple heterogeneous access technology mode. This article addresses the technical similarities and differences that advantage one technology over the other technology in order to determine which of these factors might have contributed to LTE winning. Non-technical factors of commercial and historical nature which might also advantage one technology over the other one are also explored. Finally, current activities in the standardization of both WiMAX and LTE are presented with a perspective on the prospects of both technologies.

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancement of FMIPv6 by Utilising Concurent Binding Update Process

Proceeding of the Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerability Analysis of a Mutual Authentication Protocol Conforming to EPC Class-1 Generation-2 Standard

Proceeding of the Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics

Research paper thumbnail of SeamSAR: Seamless, Secure And Robust Handover Model for Mobile IPTV Network Using Enhanced FMIPv6

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

Multimedia becomes one of the most wanted content in the modern Internet world. Since the Mobile ... more Multimedia becomes one of the most wanted content in the modern Internet world. Since the Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (MIPv6) was proposed, many researchers have tried to develop a new protocol based on this technology in order to improve the performance of mobile multimedia services. The world is emerging toward the Mobile Internet Protocol Television (MIPTV) era where people are enabled to watch television while roaming. The MIPTV technology requires high bandwidth and low latency handover. This paper proposes a new model of secure and robust handover with low handover latency, called SeamSAR. The model introduces a new way to perform home binding update and correspondent binding update simultaneously. Simulation results show that the proposed model reduced the handover latency to 63% compared to FMIPv6. Moreover, the secureness of the proposed model was verified using CMurphi simulator.

Research paper thumbnail of Network Selection Problems - QoE vs QoS Who is the Winner?

Computer Engineering and Applications Journal

In network selection problem (NSP), there are now two schools of thought. There are those who thi... more In network selection problem (NSP), there are now two schools of thought. There are those who think using QoE (Quality of Experience) is the best yardstick to measure the suitability of a Candidate Network (CN) to handover to. On the other hand, Quality of Service (QoS) is also advocated as the solution for network selection problems. In this article, a comprehensive framework that supports effective and efficient network selection is presented. The framework  attempts to provide a holistic solution to network selection problem that is achieved by combining both of the QoS and QoE measures.  Using this hybrid solution the best qualities in both methods are combined to overcome issues of the network selection problem According to ITU-R (International Telecommunications Union – Radio Standardization Sector), a 4G network is defined as having peak data rates of 100Mb/s for mobile nodes with speed up to 250 km/hr and 1Gb/s for mobile nodes moving at pedestrian speed. Based on th...

Research paper thumbnail of Wireless Broadband Tools and Their Evolution Towards 5G Networks

Wireless Personal Communications, 2017

Telecom companies in the different generations resorted to different tools to conquer connectivit... more Telecom companies in the different generations resorted to different tools to conquer connectivity issues like coverage, throughput and quality of service. The success is driving new services of diversified requirements and more traffic which dictates a continuous increase in data rates and improved performance. This work reviews the different technology tools used to meet rates and traffic requirements of the past and the present with a look into their role in future networks. The coming fifth generation (5G), in particular, is confronted by a number of antonym challenges of capacity, spectrum, energy, connectivity, performance, complexity, and cost. Suggested tools proposed to meet these challenges and the way they act to do so are reviewed and compared to current and past solutions. The tools discussed are the use of millimetric waves, massive multiple input multiple output antenna systems, indoor–outdoor separation, ultra-dense cooperative networks, and the increased reliance on users’ terminals. The major constructional differences and tools differences between current and future 5G are finally emphasized.

Research paper thumbnail of Capacity Bounds Analysis of Switched Beam Smart Antennas in CDMA Systems

Research paper thumbnail of LTE and WiMAX: Comparison and Future Perspective

Communications and Network, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Uplink Capacity/Coverage Analysis of WCDMA with Switched Beam Smart Antennae

Wireless Personal Communications, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Performance Model of a WIMAX 2.0 All-IP 4G System

Wireless Personal Communications, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Teaching and Learning Computer Science at Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia: Insights from a Staff Development Course

2015 International Conference on Learning and Teaching in Computing and Engineering, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Social Networks as Effective Students-Instructor Communication and Collaboration Tool: Case Study of Computer Engineering Students

— The instructor of third-year computer engineering students resorted to the use of social networ... more — The instructor of third-year computer engineering students resorted to the use of social networks (WhatsApp group) as a supplementary method of communicating with the students outside lecture times. The group was used by the instructor to make announcements, reminders and to comment on or answer students' questions. The group was used by the students to ask questions and to communicate with the instructor to provide feedback on difficulties and other issues. They also resorted to direct communication with the instructor to discuss their own difficulties privately. Assessment was carried out using students' feedback through a survey questionnaire together with the instructor's insights and notes. This method of communication was found to appeal to the students and was shown to have different positive impacts. The method proved to be a valuable communication tool that can support the traditional office meetings.

Research paper thumbnail of Video Recorded Lectures as a Supplementary Resource in Teaching Electrical and Electronic Circuits: Students' Perception and Instructor's Insights

— Video recording of active classroom lectures in two courses; electric circuits II and Microelec... more — Video recording of active classroom lectures in two courses; electric circuits II and Microelectronics I were made available to third-year computer engineering classes for use as a supplementary resource. The videos were recorded and edited by the instructor himself using special video software. Lectures were conducted using smart board and a smart board software. This technique was found to appeal to computer engineering students and was shown to be effective regardless of a student's academic level. Students resorted to this resource in reviewing the material, in solving homework assignments, and in preparing for the exams. Based on students' feedback using a survey questionnaire and the instructor's notes, the videos proved to be as a valuable resource that can support the traditional in-classroom instruction. It was also found to be effective in overcoming some English related obstacles to teaching-learning process such as difficulties in notes taking, difficulties in text book review and difficulties in dealing with English terms.

Research paper thumbnail of Uplink capacity/coverage analysis of WCDMA with switched beam smart antennae

Research paper thumbnail of CAPACITY BOUNDS ANALYSIS OF SWITCHED BEAM SMART ANTENNAS UNDER CDMA

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerability Analysis of a Mutual Authentication Protocol Conforming to EPC Class-1 Generation-2 Standard

—In this paper we scrutinize the security properties of an RFID authentication protocol conformin... more —In this paper we scrutinize the security properties of an RFID authentication protocol conforming to the EPC Class-1 Generation-2 standard. The protocol is suitable for Gen-2 passive tags and requires simple computations. The authors claim that the scheme provides privacy protection and authentication and offers resistant against commonly assumed attacks. We propose a de-synchronization and an impersonation attack in which the disclosing of the secret information (i.e. secret key and static identifier) shared between the tag and the reader is unnecessary to success in these attacks. Keywords—

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancement of FMIPv6 by Utilising Concurent Binding Update Process

— The world is progressing toward the Mobile Internet Protocol Television (MIPTV) era where peopl... more — The world is progressing toward the Mobile Internet Protocol Television (MIPTV) era where people are able to watch television while roaming. The MIPTV technology requires high bandwidth and low latency handover. This paper enhances the binding updates process in the Fast Handover Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) to improve its handover process performance in term of secureness and robustness, by implementing concurant binding update process thru the use of the International Mobile Subscriber Identifier (IMSI). Simulation results show that the proposed idea reduces the handover latency to about 63% compared to standard FMIPv6. Keywords—

Research paper thumbnail of Wireless Broadband tools and their evolution towards 5G networks

— Telecom companies in the different generations resorted to different tools to conquer connectiv... more — Telecom companies in the different generations resorted to different tools to conquer connectivity issues like coverage, throughput and quality of service (QoS). The success is driving new services of diversified requirements and more traffic which dictates a continuous increase in data rates and improved performance. This work reviews the different technology tools used to meet rates and traffic requirements of the past and the present with a look into their role in future networks. The coming fifth generation (5G), in particular, is confronted by a number of antonym challenges of capacity, spectrum, energy, connectivity, performance, complexity, and cost. Suggested tools proposed to meet these challenges and the way they act to do so are reviewed and compared to current and past solutions. The tools discussed are the use of millimetric waves (mm-Waves), massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna systems, indoor–outdoor separation, ultra-dense cooperative networks, and the increased reliance on users' terminals. The major constructional differences and tools differences between current and future 5G are finally emphasized. Index Terms—Wireless Broadband Tools, Broadband Evolution, Broadband Future, 5G.

Research paper thumbnail of SeamSAR: Seamless, Secure And Robust Handover Model For Mobile IPTV Network Using Enhanced FMIPv6

Multimedia becomes one of the most wanted content in the modern Internet world. Since the Mobile ... more Multimedia becomes one of the most wanted content in the modern Internet world. Since the Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (MIPv6) was proposed, many researchers have tried to develop a new protocol based on this technology in order to improve the performance of mobile multimedia services. The world is emerging toward the Mobile Internet Protocol Television (MIPTV) era where people are enabled to watch television while roaming. The MIPTV technology requires high bandwidth and low latency handover. This paper proposes a new model of secure and robust handover with low handover latency, called SeamSAR. The model introduces a new way to perform home binding update and correspondent binding update simultaneously. Simulation results show that the proposed model reduced the handover latency to 63% compared to FMIPv6. Moreover, the secureness of the proposed model was verified using CMurphi simulator. 1. INTRODUCTION According to [1] most of mobile multimedia (e.g.: Mobile IPTV) technical obstacles are related to the wireless links. To guarantee the mobile IPTV works normally, a minimum bandwidth of 2-3 Mbps needs to be provided due to the characteristic of the mobile IPTV services. The limitations of wireless technology itself become problems in efforts to porting the traditional IPTV features into the mobile format. The most challenging yet disturbing limitation is the handover process, which occurs when users do a movement from one area into another area, especially that future networks will be characterized by frequent handovers due to the adoption of small cells. The handover process may disturb the reception of data and therefore it distresses the mobile IPTV users and produces undesired time improvidence. Mobility in Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is basic of upcoming services. Reducing the effect of handover potentially will reduce the data loss possibility and decrease the latency time. Current protocols such as Fast Handover Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6), Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Mobility Management (HMIPv6) use the MAC address for authentication in their binding update processess to perform Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) process. In this process, the home agent binding update and corresponding node binding update process have to be done sequentialy. This work proposes the use of the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) for the authentication process, as such we can perform the binding update processes concurently as shown in Figure 1.

Research paper thumbnail of Network Selection Problems -QoE vs QoS. Who is the Winner

In network selection problem (NSP), there are now two schools of thought. There are those who thi... more In network selection problem (NSP), there are now two schools of thought. There are those who think that using Quality of Experience (QoE) is the best yardstick to measure the suitability of a Candidate Network (CN) to handover to. On the other hand, Quality of Service (QoS) is also advocated as the solution for network selection problems. In this article, a comprehensive framework that supports effective and efficient network selection is presented. The framework attempts to provide a holistic solution to network selection problems that is achieved by combining both of the QoS and the QoE measures. Using this hybrid solution the best qualities in both methods are combined to overcome issues of the network selection problem. According to ITU-R (International Telecommunications Union – Radio Standardization Sector), a 4G network is defined as having peak data rates of 100Mb/s for mobile nodes with speed up to 250 km/hr and 1Gb/s for mobile nodes moving at pedestrian speed. Based on this definition, it is safe to say that the mobile nodes (MN) which can go from pedestrian speed to speed of up to 250 km/hr will be the norm in the future. This indicates that the MN " s mobility will be highly dynamic. In particular, this article addresses the issues of network selection for high speed MN " s in 4G networks. The framework presented in this article also discusses how the QoS value collected from CNs can be fine-tuned to better reflect an MN " s current mobility scenario.

Research paper thumbnail of LTE and WiMAX: Comparison and Future Perspective

Two wireless technologies, WiMAX based on IEEE standards and LTE standardized by 3GPP, are two co... more Two wireless technologies, WiMAX based on IEEE standards and LTE standardized by 3GPP, are two competing technologies, nevertheless, are very technically similar. This competition started with the advent of their pre-4G versions (802.16e for Mobile WiMAX and 3GPP release 8 for LTE) and continued with the advent of their 4G versions (WiMAX 2.0 based on IEEE 802.16 m and LTE-Advanced standardized by Release 10). It looks that the competition ended with the advantage of LTE. Plans are set for WiMAX to migrate/integrate with LTE in a multiple heterogeneous access technology mode. This article addresses the technical similarities and differences that advantage one technology over the other technology in order to determine which of these factors might have contributed to LTE winning. Non-technical factors of commercial and historical nature which might also advantage one technology over the other one are also explored. Finally, current activities in the standardization of both WiMAX and LTE are presented with a perspective on the prospects of both technologies.