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Papers by Mohamed S Altraiki
Journal of Total Science, 2024
Libya faces significant challenges in developing effective policies to address greenhouse gas emi... more Libya faces significant challenges in developing effective policies to address greenhouse gas emissions, due to political and economic instability and a heavy reliance on fossil fuels. There is an urgent need for investment in renewable energy and improving efficiency, which will help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and achieve the sustainable development goals by 2030. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities available in Libya, examining the political, economic, and environmental factors influencing the transition to alternative energies. Through analyzing the internal and external environment and regional and international experiences in the transition to renewable energy, and by conducting a SWOT analysis, a number of obstacles have been identified, such as administrative corruption, weak infrastructure, political conflicts, and the lack of supportive legislation for this direction. However, promising opportunities exist, such as leveraging conventional energy resources to finance new technologies. In conclusion, comprehensive transformation requires a long-term vision and a focus on technological innovations and effective policies to ensure a sustainable future for Libya.
Mediterr J Pharm Pharm Sci 3 (4): 73-79, 2023
Paracetamol is one of the most found over the counter drugs worldwide. It is widely used as an an... more Paracetamol is one of the most found over the counter drugs worldwide. It is widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug. Many commercial types of paracetamol tablets are available under different brand names in the Libyan drug market. The present study was conducted to evaluate post-marketing quality parameters for three brands of paracetamol tablets marketed in Libya. All three brands were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and uniformity of content following British pharmacopeia guidelines. The outcomes of this study showed all tested brands complied with the British pharmacopeia specifications for the weight variation test, friability test (0.05%-0.17%), and hardness test (171.3N-197.6 N). In addition, two brands passed the British pharmacopeia requirements for the disintegration time test, whereas one brand exceeded the allowed disintegration time by about five minutes. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine paracetamol content. Although the average amount of paracetamol drug available in these brands is not very close to 100%, where one brand achieved the lowest value (438.1 mg), the loaded dose of paracetamol in selected tablets in the three brands was within the British pharmacopeia standard specifications for the uniformity content test. Therefore, it can be concluded that almost all the three tested brands of paracetamol tablets that are available in the Libyan drug market meet the British pharmacopeia specification for quality control analysis.
Lecture OUTLINE 1.0 Instructional Objectives 1.1. Introduction of chemistry. 1.2. mater & measure... more Lecture OUTLINE 1.0 Instructional Objectives 1.1. Introduction of chemistry. 1.2. mater & measurement 1.3. key terms 1.4. problems 1.5. suggested reading 1.6. references ______________________________________________________________ 1.0 INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES After completing this chapter, you should be able to Explain what is stoichiometry and used for Converting between different units Forming ratios between products and reactants Use chemical equations to predict amount of product from given reactants Describing ratios between compounds in a reaction Calculating quantities of products or reactants (in mass, moles, volume, etc.) Understand the deferent between
In this study, the potential of wind power density alongside with wind speed Weibull distribution... more In this study, the potential of wind power density alongside with wind speed Weibull distribution in Al Khums city are investigated. The investigation is based on a daily-mean historical data for 10 years from January 2005 to December 2014 at 10 meters height above the ground level. The investigation includes an estimation of the seasonal observed wind power density and Weibull distribution parameters. In order to characterize the wind power in this area, the observed wind power density is first calculated based on the power density equation, then, the two parameters of Weibull distribution are estimated. The observed wind power density is found to be 66.
pre-student pharmacy , 2015
1
1st International Conference on Chemical, Petroleum, and Gas Engineering ICCPGE, 2016
Wax deposit is one of the main problems facing crude oil transportation via pipelines, especially... more Wax deposit is one of the main problems facing crude oil transportation via pipelines, especially the waxy crude oil types. This problem usually appears at different temperatures where the wax crystals start to deposit at certain conditions causing plugging the production pipelines and viscosity increase, consequently leading to increasing the required power for flowing and fluid pressure, which may cause the pipeline to become environmental and economic losses. The current study introduces several scenarios to simulate a ground crude oil pipeline, 1016 mm (40 inches) diameter and 212 km length buried underground along the distance in depth of 1.5 m. This pipeline is transporting a waxy crude oil with pour point of 39°C. The software used for this simulation is (HYSYS 3.2). The simulation is split in two parts; the first part investigates changing the crude oil flow rate down to the minimum flow rate that the pipeline may operates, where the arrival temperature should be higher than the pour point. The second part investigates pipeline shutdown simulation to check the temperature profile along the pipeline and pin points the lowest temperature reached with time changing. The results of the first part determined the minimum flow rate allowed to be 79,000 bbl/day at which the temperature will be higher than the pour point (39°C). The maximum flow rate used in the simulation was 104,000 bbl/day. The results of the second part, where the maximum time specified as 96 hours and other times were (24, 48 and 72 hrs), respectively. It was found that the safest time for shutdown at low temperatures without wax appearing is (3, 5 and 6 hrs) at different ambient temperatures (4, 10 and 15°C), respectively.
Teaching Documents by Mohamed S Altraiki
The laboratory reports should contain the following sections: 1) Cover page: Title, course number... more The laboratory reports should contain the following sections: 1) Cover page: Title, course number, student name. 2) Brief Introduction [ Theoretical background information ] MOHAMED SALTRAIKI MOHAMED SALTRAIKI
Conference Presentations by Mohamed S Altraiki
International Scientific Conference on Natural Resources in Libya 2024. 4 – 5 September 2024, 2024
Libya's oil industry suffers from flaring, which wastes important resources, increases the emissi... more Libya's oil industry suffers from flaring, which wastes important resources, increases the emission of greenhouse gases and increases environmental damage. Flaring emits large amounts of carbon dioxide, Sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, in addition to other harmful effects on both people and the ecosystem. This research investigates the importance of flare gas recovery in Libyan refineries and the environmental advantages of flare gas recovery in promoting environmental sustainability by reducing flaring and adopting sustainable environmental practices. The study focuses on the strategies and technologies used to eliminate gas flaring globally by 2030. It examines annual estimates of gas flaring and gas flaring efficiency globally and nationally in Libya from 2019 to 2023. It highlights the importance of flared gas recovery and potential benefits through national and comparative research studies. It also highlights the environmental issues caused by these gases, showcases leading technologies and discusses their fundamentals, benefits and drawbacks. The Flare Gas Recovery Unit (FGRU) is an advanced solution that converts flare gas into products such as LPG and compressed natural gas (CNG). Innovative Systems Advanced condensing systems, cryogenic separation systems, membrane filtration systems, biogas upgrading systems and hybrid systems play a critical role in torch gas recovery by enhancing purity, increasing recovery rates, saving energy, providing flexibility, cost effectiveness and environmental sustainability. Careful consideration of the challenges associated with this technology is essential during the design and operation of these systems
Journal of Total Science, 2024
Libya faces significant challenges in developing effective policies to address greenhouse gas emi... more Libya faces significant challenges in developing effective policies to address greenhouse gas emissions, due to political and economic instability and a heavy reliance on fossil fuels. There is an urgent need for investment in renewable energy and improving efficiency, which will help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and achieve the sustainable development goals by 2030. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities available in Libya, examining the political, economic, and environmental factors influencing the transition to alternative energies. Through analyzing the internal and external environment and regional and international experiences in the transition to renewable energy, and by conducting a SWOT analysis, a number of obstacles have been identified, such as administrative corruption, weak infrastructure, political conflicts, and the lack of supportive legislation for this direction. However, promising opportunities exist, such as leveraging conventional energy resources to finance new technologies. In conclusion, comprehensive transformation requires a long-term vision and a focus on technological innovations and effective policies to ensure a sustainable future for Libya.
Mediterr J Pharm Pharm Sci 3 (4): 73-79, 2023
Paracetamol is one of the most found over the counter drugs worldwide. It is widely used as an an... more Paracetamol is one of the most found over the counter drugs worldwide. It is widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug. Many commercial types of paracetamol tablets are available under different brand names in the Libyan drug market. The present study was conducted to evaluate post-marketing quality parameters for three brands of paracetamol tablets marketed in Libya. All three brands were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and uniformity of content following British pharmacopeia guidelines. The outcomes of this study showed all tested brands complied with the British pharmacopeia specifications for the weight variation test, friability test (0.05%-0.17%), and hardness test (171.3N-197.6 N). In addition, two brands passed the British pharmacopeia requirements for the disintegration time test, whereas one brand exceeded the allowed disintegration time by about five minutes. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine paracetamol content. Although the average amount of paracetamol drug available in these brands is not very close to 100%, where one brand achieved the lowest value (438.1 mg), the loaded dose of paracetamol in selected tablets in the three brands was within the British pharmacopeia standard specifications for the uniformity content test. Therefore, it can be concluded that almost all the three tested brands of paracetamol tablets that are available in the Libyan drug market meet the British pharmacopeia specification for quality control analysis.
Lecture OUTLINE 1.0 Instructional Objectives 1.1. Introduction of chemistry. 1.2. mater & measure... more Lecture OUTLINE 1.0 Instructional Objectives 1.1. Introduction of chemistry. 1.2. mater & measurement 1.3. key terms 1.4. problems 1.5. suggested reading 1.6. references ______________________________________________________________ 1.0 INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES After completing this chapter, you should be able to Explain what is stoichiometry and used for Converting between different units Forming ratios between products and reactants Use chemical equations to predict amount of product from given reactants Describing ratios between compounds in a reaction Calculating quantities of products or reactants (in mass, moles, volume, etc.) Understand the deferent between
In this study, the potential of wind power density alongside with wind speed Weibull distribution... more In this study, the potential of wind power density alongside with wind speed Weibull distribution in Al Khums city are investigated. The investigation is based on a daily-mean historical data for 10 years from January 2005 to December 2014 at 10 meters height above the ground level. The investigation includes an estimation of the seasonal observed wind power density and Weibull distribution parameters. In order to characterize the wind power in this area, the observed wind power density is first calculated based on the power density equation, then, the two parameters of Weibull distribution are estimated. The observed wind power density is found to be 66.
pre-student pharmacy , 2015
1
1st International Conference on Chemical, Petroleum, and Gas Engineering ICCPGE, 2016
Wax deposit is one of the main problems facing crude oil transportation via pipelines, especially... more Wax deposit is one of the main problems facing crude oil transportation via pipelines, especially the waxy crude oil types. This problem usually appears at different temperatures where the wax crystals start to deposit at certain conditions causing plugging the production pipelines and viscosity increase, consequently leading to increasing the required power for flowing and fluid pressure, which may cause the pipeline to become environmental and economic losses. The current study introduces several scenarios to simulate a ground crude oil pipeline, 1016 mm (40 inches) diameter and 212 km length buried underground along the distance in depth of 1.5 m. This pipeline is transporting a waxy crude oil with pour point of 39°C. The software used for this simulation is (HYSYS 3.2). The simulation is split in two parts; the first part investigates changing the crude oil flow rate down to the minimum flow rate that the pipeline may operates, where the arrival temperature should be higher than the pour point. The second part investigates pipeline shutdown simulation to check the temperature profile along the pipeline and pin points the lowest temperature reached with time changing. The results of the first part determined the minimum flow rate allowed to be 79,000 bbl/day at which the temperature will be higher than the pour point (39°C). The maximum flow rate used in the simulation was 104,000 bbl/day. The results of the second part, where the maximum time specified as 96 hours and other times were (24, 48 and 72 hrs), respectively. It was found that the safest time for shutdown at low temperatures without wax appearing is (3, 5 and 6 hrs) at different ambient temperatures (4, 10 and 15°C), respectively.
The laboratory reports should contain the following sections: 1) Cover page: Title, course number... more The laboratory reports should contain the following sections: 1) Cover page: Title, course number, student name. 2) Brief Introduction [ Theoretical background information ] MOHAMED SALTRAIKI MOHAMED SALTRAIKI
International Scientific Conference on Natural Resources in Libya 2024. 4 – 5 September 2024, 2024
Libya's oil industry suffers from flaring, which wastes important resources, increases the emissi... more Libya's oil industry suffers from flaring, which wastes important resources, increases the emission of greenhouse gases and increases environmental damage. Flaring emits large amounts of carbon dioxide, Sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, in addition to other harmful effects on both people and the ecosystem. This research investigates the importance of flare gas recovery in Libyan refineries and the environmental advantages of flare gas recovery in promoting environmental sustainability by reducing flaring and adopting sustainable environmental practices. The study focuses on the strategies and technologies used to eliminate gas flaring globally by 2030. It examines annual estimates of gas flaring and gas flaring efficiency globally and nationally in Libya from 2019 to 2023. It highlights the importance of flared gas recovery and potential benefits through national and comparative research studies. It also highlights the environmental issues caused by these gases, showcases leading technologies and discusses their fundamentals, benefits and drawbacks. The Flare Gas Recovery Unit (FGRU) is an advanced solution that converts flare gas into products such as LPG and compressed natural gas (CNG). Innovative Systems Advanced condensing systems, cryogenic separation systems, membrane filtration systems, biogas upgrading systems and hybrid systems play a critical role in torch gas recovery by enhancing purity, increasing recovery rates, saving energy, providing flexibility, cost effectiveness and environmental sustainability. Careful consideration of the challenges associated with this technology is essential during the design and operation of these systems