Kanishka Gupta | Amity University, Noida (original) (raw)
Papers by Kanishka Gupta
Journal of International Finance and Economics, 2018
India has emerged as a formidable global power in the recent years where, Intellectual capital is... more India has emerged as a formidable global power in the recent years where, Intellectual capital is viewed as important resource than financial or tangible assets. The motivation behind this study is to examine the scope of Intellectual capital reporting practices by Indian companies in annual reports. For analysing the reporting of Intellectual capital, three indicators as Internal capital, External capital and Human capital have been studied. These are further divided in various attributes and on their basis reporting of Intellectual capital of the sample companies has been examined. Present study analyses the reporting of intellectual capital for the sample companies and for industries to which these companies belong. Content analysis has been applied to investigate the reporting of Intellectual capital of Indian companies listed on NIFTY- 50 and SENSEX-30 a sample of 49 companies was selected as per the market capitalization for the year 2016-17. This paper has considered Sveiby (1997) framework, which provide Intangible asset monitor to investigate the reporting of Intellectual capital. The paper offers the insight into the annual reports of the top India companies and results show that reporting of these assets is less informative. Further out of the three indicators the most reported indicator of Intellectual capital is Human capital. Also, there is no proper and effective framework followed in India for reporting of Intellectual capital. The present paper explores the insights of 49 Indian companies which in turn will help the stakeholders to get the clearer picture of the company.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, 2020
To become a developed nation from a developing nation there is always a need of rapid growth and ... more To become a developed nation from a developing nation there is always a need of rapid growth and industrialization. This growth brings some major problems also. Pollution and carbon emission is the biggest of them. Due to rapid industrial growth now, India is also facing problem of high level carbon emission. This paper aims to impose environment and green tax to control pollution and carbon emission in India. The results show that many developed nations already have imposed Green tax in their countries and achieved success to reduce carbon emission. After studying pattern of green tax in various countries the outcome shows that there are various factors which can be considered for imposition of green tax and some factors which can become a big hurdle for successful implementation of green tax in India. Control on air pollution is a need of time to save our future generation from air pollution. The paper analysis the implementation of green tax in India through primary data and secondary data. Questionnaire was formed and 101 respondents were collected. The tool used for analysis is descriptive statistics and Chi-Square. The results have shown that Green tax will improve consciousness for environment protection within the people and they will reduce the use of tax levied pollutants.
International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, 2019
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) issued a particular set of standards and ideas... more Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) issued a particular set of standards and ideas in order to keep up the consistency with regard to the financial statements of the companies. As economy is changing drastically, it is important for India to implement International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The present study investigates the implementation and adoption of IFRS in India. The study is conducted by collecting data through questionnaires from 35 Chartered Accountants. The study applies paired t-test. Professional bodies have taken numerous initiatives for adoption of IFRS such as conducting educational programs for imparting knowledge and making companies aware. Though, implementing IFRS in the country is not effortless and simple, it involves a lot of cost and understanding of the enforcement procedures. This paper aims at highlighting the importance of IFRS and their implementation in India. Also, the extent to which it has been adopted and how effective and successful it will be for Indian companies to imply IFRS.
Emerald Insights, 2020
Purpose-Intellectual capital (IC) has been recognized in improving the efficiency of businesses a... more Purpose-Intellectual capital (IC) has been recognized in improving the efficiency of businesses and gaining competitive edge in the developed world. The present study offers perspectives into the effect of IC on the efficiency of the Indian financial sector companies. Design/methodology/approach-For the purpose of evaluating efficiency, the research has used stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). All Indian financial sector companies listed in National Stock Exchange (NSE-500) for the timeframe of ten years (2008-2018) have been considered. The paper has employed modified Pulic's Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC TM) as a proxy to measure IC. Correlation and panel data regression have been used in order to examine the relationship. Findings-The results of the study indicate positive and significant relationship between IC and efficiency of the firm. The results also show that all the components of IC, that is, human capital, relational capital, process capital and capital employed have a significant impact on firms' efficiency. Additionally, it has been seen that sample companies do not invest in research and development leading to no innovation capital. Practical implications-The research will assist managers in managing and controlling the IC, investors in matters related to investment and financial experts in improving the company's IC and value creation. Originality/value-The current research is one of the pioneering studies in the context of Indian financial sector that examines the impact of modified VAIC on operational efficiency calculated using SFA.
NMIMS Management Review, 2019
The emergence of the quaternary sector has given rise to the knowledge-based economy, which has l... more The emergence of the quaternary sector has given rise to the knowledge-based economy, which has led to a huge market for intangible assets or Intellectual Capital (IC). The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) on IT firms' profitability for the time period of 2011 to 2018. The data used in the study is collected from Capital IQ database and annual reports of companies. Correlation and multiple regression are applied to investigate the relationship between IC and firms' profitability. The results obtained show that Indian IT companies' intellectual capital has a positive effect on firms' profitability. Further, human capital and structural capital have a significant and positive relationship with firms' financial performance whereas capital employed was found to be insignificant. Overall, structural capital has a vital effect on firms' profitability and therefore, should be given more emphasis by companies. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a more generalized result in this field.
Sage Publication, 2020
Intellectual capital (IC) has gained recognition in enhancing the firms' value and gain competiti... more Intellectual capital (IC) has gained recognition in enhancing the firms' value and gain competitive advantage in the developed world. Thus, it is imperative for all stakeholders to have an understanding of its impact on firms' profitability. The present study aims to analyse the impact of intellectual capital on firms' profitability of Indian pharmaceutical companies listed in National Stock Exchange (NSE-500) for the time period of 10 years (i.e. 2009-2018). The paper has used modified version of Pulic's Value Added Intellectual Coefficient, i.e., M-VAIC as a proxy to measure intellectual capital and firms' profitability as represented by ROA, ROE and EBITDA. In line to analyse the effectiveness, a balanced panel data regression technique has been used. The results of the paper indicate a significant relationship between intellectual capital and firms' profitability. Also, it is found that human capital, relational capital and physical capital have a significant role in increasing the profitability of the firm. The analysis would help the administration and management of pharmaceutical companies in the composition and organization of intellectual capital, stakeholders in the decisions related to investment and financial specialist for enhancing intellectual capital efficiency and value creation for the firm. Human capital is found to be having a positively significant impact on firms' profitability; their inclusion and management are suggested for the companies. Executive Summary Intellectual capital (IC) which is generally known as intangible assets covers the substantial components such as information, knowledge , copyrights and patents, research and development, human capital and innovation. Forbes, 2014, stated that more than 80 per cent of business value is generated from innovations and intangibles. In the initial era of business, tangible assets were the driving source of company value, whereas intangible assets contributed a small part in it and were largely speculated for estimating the value of brands. However, the present scenario has changed where intangible assets have developed from disclosing 20 per cent to 80 per cent of corporate value, due to growing and rising significance. The present paper offers insights on impact of IC on firms' performance of Indian pharmaceutical companies. The paper has used Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC tm) model proposed by Pulic (1998, 2000) to compute the efficiency of physical (financial) capital and intellectual capital of the firms and presented IC as summation of structural capital and human capital that can be ascertained through quantitative assessment using secondary data obtained from company's financial statements. This study adds to the extant research by using a modified version of VAIC tm (M-VAIC) for measuring IC by adding research and development (R&D) expenditure as innovation capital, marketing and advertisement costs that are associated with creating and managing client relationship as Relational capital and process capital. With the intent to examine IC, the study has taken Indian pharmaceutical firms listed under NSE-500. From 34 firms, the firms with a negative book value of tangible assets and negative M-VAIC were deleted. The data used for the analysis of the study has been collected from published annual reports and S&P Capital IQ database. The period considered for the study is from 2009 to 2018. Owing to missing data of few firms, the final sample size used for the analysis is 26 firms for 10 years. In order to find out the impact of IC on firms' profitability panel data regression analysis has been conducted. The findings infer that human capital efficiency should be considered as the most important component of IC and advocate that firms do gain from investing in the enhancement of knowledge and skills of the employees. Additionally, companies benefit from Vision 24(2) 204-216, 2020
Springer Nature, 2020
The emergence of the knowledge economy has made Intellectual Capital (IC) progressively significa... more The emergence of the knowledge economy has made Intellectual Capital (IC) progressively significant. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of intellectual capital on operational efficiency calculated using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) for Indian financial sector companies. The present study has been used data of 64 companies for the time-period of 14 years (2004-2018) listed in National Stock Exchange-500. The paper has used modified Pulic's Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC™) as a proxy to measure intellectual capital. Correlation and Dynamic panel regression has been used in order to examine the relationship and address the problems of heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and endogeneity in the data. The results of the study indicates positive and significant relationship between IC and efficiency of the firm. Also, found that all the components of IC has a significant impact on firms' efficiency. The outcomes would help the regulatory authorities and management of Indian financial sector in managing and organizing company's IC.
Journal of International Finance and Economics, 2018
India has emerged as a formidable global power in the recent years where, Intellectual capital is... more India has emerged as a formidable global power in the recent years where, Intellectual capital is viewed as important resource than financial or tangible assets. The motivation behind this study is to examine the scope of Intellectual capital reporting practices by Indian companies in annual reports. For analysing the reporting of Intellectual capital, three indicators as Internal capital, External capital and Human capital have been studied. These are further divided in various attributes and on their basis reporting of Intellectual capital of the sample companies has been examined. Present study analyses the reporting of intellectual capital for the sample companies and for industries to which these companies belong. Content analysis has been applied to investigate the reporting of Intellectual capital of Indian companies listed on NIFTY- 50 and SENSEX-30 a sample of 49 companies was selected as per the market capitalization for the year 2016-17. This paper has considered Sveiby (1997) framework, which provide Intangible asset monitor to investigate the reporting of Intellectual capital. The paper offers the insight into the annual reports of the top India companies and results show that reporting of these assets is less informative. Further out of the three indicators the most reported indicator of Intellectual capital is Human capital. Also, there is no proper and effective framework followed in India for reporting of Intellectual capital. The present paper explores the insights of 49 Indian companies which in turn will help the stakeholders to get the clearer picture of the company.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, 2020
To become a developed nation from a developing nation there is always a need of rapid growth and ... more To become a developed nation from a developing nation there is always a need of rapid growth and industrialization. This growth brings some major problems also. Pollution and carbon emission is the biggest of them. Due to rapid industrial growth now, India is also facing problem of high level carbon emission. This paper aims to impose environment and green tax to control pollution and carbon emission in India. The results show that many developed nations already have imposed Green tax in their countries and achieved success to reduce carbon emission. After studying pattern of green tax in various countries the outcome shows that there are various factors which can be considered for imposition of green tax and some factors which can become a big hurdle for successful implementation of green tax in India. Control on air pollution is a need of time to save our future generation from air pollution. The paper analysis the implementation of green tax in India through primary data and secondary data. Questionnaire was formed and 101 respondents were collected. The tool used for analysis is descriptive statistics and Chi-Square. The results have shown that Green tax will improve consciousness for environment protection within the people and they will reduce the use of tax levied pollutants.
International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, 2019
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) issued a particular set of standards and ideas... more Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) issued a particular set of standards and ideas in order to keep up the consistency with regard to the financial statements of the companies. As economy is changing drastically, it is important for India to implement International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The present study investigates the implementation and adoption of IFRS in India. The study is conducted by collecting data through questionnaires from 35 Chartered Accountants. The study applies paired t-test. Professional bodies have taken numerous initiatives for adoption of IFRS such as conducting educational programs for imparting knowledge and making companies aware. Though, implementing IFRS in the country is not effortless and simple, it involves a lot of cost and understanding of the enforcement procedures. This paper aims at highlighting the importance of IFRS and their implementation in India. Also, the extent to which it has been adopted and how effective and successful it will be for Indian companies to imply IFRS.
Emerald Insights, 2020
Purpose-Intellectual capital (IC) has been recognized in improving the efficiency of businesses a... more Purpose-Intellectual capital (IC) has been recognized in improving the efficiency of businesses and gaining competitive edge in the developed world. The present study offers perspectives into the effect of IC on the efficiency of the Indian financial sector companies. Design/methodology/approach-For the purpose of evaluating efficiency, the research has used stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). All Indian financial sector companies listed in National Stock Exchange (NSE-500) for the timeframe of ten years (2008-2018) have been considered. The paper has employed modified Pulic's Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC TM) as a proxy to measure IC. Correlation and panel data regression have been used in order to examine the relationship. Findings-The results of the study indicate positive and significant relationship between IC and efficiency of the firm. The results also show that all the components of IC, that is, human capital, relational capital, process capital and capital employed have a significant impact on firms' efficiency. Additionally, it has been seen that sample companies do not invest in research and development leading to no innovation capital. Practical implications-The research will assist managers in managing and controlling the IC, investors in matters related to investment and financial experts in improving the company's IC and value creation. Originality/value-The current research is one of the pioneering studies in the context of Indian financial sector that examines the impact of modified VAIC on operational efficiency calculated using SFA.
NMIMS Management Review, 2019
The emergence of the quaternary sector has given rise to the knowledge-based economy, which has l... more The emergence of the quaternary sector has given rise to the knowledge-based economy, which has led to a huge market for intangible assets or Intellectual Capital (IC). The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) on IT firms' profitability for the time period of 2011 to 2018. The data used in the study is collected from Capital IQ database and annual reports of companies. Correlation and multiple regression are applied to investigate the relationship between IC and firms' profitability. The results obtained show that Indian IT companies' intellectual capital has a positive effect on firms' profitability. Further, human capital and structural capital have a significant and positive relationship with firms' financial performance whereas capital employed was found to be insignificant. Overall, structural capital has a vital effect on firms' profitability and therefore, should be given more emphasis by companies. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a more generalized result in this field.
Sage Publication, 2020
Intellectual capital (IC) has gained recognition in enhancing the firms' value and gain competiti... more Intellectual capital (IC) has gained recognition in enhancing the firms' value and gain competitive advantage in the developed world. Thus, it is imperative for all stakeholders to have an understanding of its impact on firms' profitability. The present study aims to analyse the impact of intellectual capital on firms' profitability of Indian pharmaceutical companies listed in National Stock Exchange (NSE-500) for the time period of 10 years (i.e. 2009-2018). The paper has used modified version of Pulic's Value Added Intellectual Coefficient, i.e., M-VAIC as a proxy to measure intellectual capital and firms' profitability as represented by ROA, ROE and EBITDA. In line to analyse the effectiveness, a balanced panel data regression technique has been used. The results of the paper indicate a significant relationship between intellectual capital and firms' profitability. Also, it is found that human capital, relational capital and physical capital have a significant role in increasing the profitability of the firm. The analysis would help the administration and management of pharmaceutical companies in the composition and organization of intellectual capital, stakeholders in the decisions related to investment and financial specialist for enhancing intellectual capital efficiency and value creation for the firm. Human capital is found to be having a positively significant impact on firms' profitability; their inclusion and management are suggested for the companies. Executive Summary Intellectual capital (IC) which is generally known as intangible assets covers the substantial components such as information, knowledge , copyrights and patents, research and development, human capital and innovation. Forbes, 2014, stated that more than 80 per cent of business value is generated from innovations and intangibles. In the initial era of business, tangible assets were the driving source of company value, whereas intangible assets contributed a small part in it and were largely speculated for estimating the value of brands. However, the present scenario has changed where intangible assets have developed from disclosing 20 per cent to 80 per cent of corporate value, due to growing and rising significance. The present paper offers insights on impact of IC on firms' performance of Indian pharmaceutical companies. The paper has used Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC tm) model proposed by Pulic (1998, 2000) to compute the efficiency of physical (financial) capital and intellectual capital of the firms and presented IC as summation of structural capital and human capital that can be ascertained through quantitative assessment using secondary data obtained from company's financial statements. This study adds to the extant research by using a modified version of VAIC tm (M-VAIC) for measuring IC by adding research and development (R&D) expenditure as innovation capital, marketing and advertisement costs that are associated with creating and managing client relationship as Relational capital and process capital. With the intent to examine IC, the study has taken Indian pharmaceutical firms listed under NSE-500. From 34 firms, the firms with a negative book value of tangible assets and negative M-VAIC were deleted. The data used for the analysis of the study has been collected from published annual reports and S&P Capital IQ database. The period considered for the study is from 2009 to 2018. Owing to missing data of few firms, the final sample size used for the analysis is 26 firms for 10 years. In order to find out the impact of IC on firms' profitability panel data regression analysis has been conducted. The findings infer that human capital efficiency should be considered as the most important component of IC and advocate that firms do gain from investing in the enhancement of knowledge and skills of the employees. Additionally, companies benefit from Vision 24(2) 204-216, 2020
Springer Nature, 2020
The emergence of the knowledge economy has made Intellectual Capital (IC) progressively significa... more The emergence of the knowledge economy has made Intellectual Capital (IC) progressively significant. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of intellectual capital on operational efficiency calculated using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) for Indian financial sector companies. The present study has been used data of 64 companies for the time-period of 14 years (2004-2018) listed in National Stock Exchange-500. The paper has used modified Pulic's Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC™) as a proxy to measure intellectual capital. Correlation and Dynamic panel regression has been used in order to examine the relationship and address the problems of heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and endogeneity in the data. The results of the study indicates positive and significant relationship between IC and efficiency of the firm. Also, found that all the components of IC has a significant impact on firms' efficiency. The outcomes would help the regulatory authorities and management of Indian financial sector in managing and organizing company's IC.