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Papers by Partiban s/o Subramanian

Dengue serves as major threat to human beings and has caused an increase in the rate of mortality... more Dengue serves as major threat to human beings and has caused an increase in the rate of mortality every year
without considering age, gender or ethnicity. Thus, an alternative by using botanical extracts against the larvae of
this mosquito was carried out. Azadirachta indica and Murraya koenigii were used to evaluate the larvacidal
activity against 3rd instar of Aedes albopictus larvae. The bioassay was carried out by using the methanolic extract
of the A. indica and M. koenigii and the combined activity was done with the ratio 1:1 of the plant extracts. The
result showed that at 3.75 mg/ml A.indica exhibits highest larvacidal activity by providing 96.30% of mortality.
Furthermore, M. koenigii showed the percentage of mortality of 83.70% at 3.75mg/ml. In the basis of median
lethal concentration (LC50), it was found that the LC50 for A. indica was 1.45 mg/ml which is more susceptible
than M. koenigii with 2.01 mg/ml as a LC50 value. The combination test showed that interaction between the 2
plants extract as an additivity effect. In nut shell, A. indica and M. koenigii was found to exhibit strong larvacidal
activity. Thus, these plants have high potential to be developed as a biopesticide to control the emergence of A.
albopictus larvae.

Green plants have been used for many years for their biological activities. Many species of Zingi... more Green plants have been used for many years for their biological
activities. Many species of Zingiberaceae family have been studied for their
potential biological activity. Alpinia galanga from the family Zingiberaceae
has been widely used decades ago and is still used for traditional and
medicinal purposes. Easy availability and low cost has enabled more
people to benefit from this dynamic plant. Studies have been conducted
widely using the rhizomes, leaves, flowers, pseudostems and seeds
apparently to explore its potential. Active compounds such as 1,8-cineol,
α-fenchyl acetate, β-farnesene, β-bisabolene, α-bergamotene, β-pinene
and 1’-acetoxychavicol acetate from Alpinia galanga plant. Among all
the bioactive compounds, 1,8-cineol known as marker compound in the
Alpinia spp provide strong biological activity. Active compounds from this
plant cause variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal,
antitumor, antiulcer, antiallergic, antioxidant effect and insecticidal activity.
Therefore this is the latest information on the biological activity and the
active compounds of Alpinia galanga.

Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon nardus is a common medicinal plant that is widely used for var... more Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon nardus is a common medicinal plant that is widely used for various
medicinal properties. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition and to assess the
antibacterial activities of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon nardus. Chemical composition of C. citratus
and C. nardus essential oils were analyzed by using GC and GCMS. The chemical analysis was carried out by
using GC-MS for identification of components of the two essential oils. The percentage composition of the
studied oil samples listed twenty four compounds identified in C. citratus oil sample that included geranial
(32.4%), beta citral (23.8%) and geraniol (12.0%) as major components. Twenty three compounds were
identified in C. nardus essential oil including Elemol (17.3%), Citronellol (12.5%) and Naphthalene (10.1%) as
major components. C. citratus and C. nardus essential oils were studied for their antibacterial activity against
Enterococcus faecalis. In vitro antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion method in MH agar. C.
citratus essential oil showed maximum zone of inhibition against E. faecalis (6.00±1.73) whereas the highest
zone of inhibition of C. nardus oils against E. faecalis (7.00±2.65). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
was carried out. C. citratus essential oil extract showed MIC results at the concentration of 62.5 mg/ml, whereas
C. nardus essential oil showed MIC results at the concentration of 31.25 mg/ml. As a conclusion, the current
study found these oils have the potential to be used as anti bacterial properties.

“Medicine is food and food is medicine” is the best way to describe on how the ailments were cure... more “Medicine is food and food is medicine” is the best way to describe on how the
ailments were cured by using the plants during the ancient period of time. The “Magical
plant of Indian Spice” (Murraya koenigii) has served humankind not only as food enhancer
but also serve as village or folk medication to cure many disorders, the tribal communities
has used many parts of the Murraya koenigiito cure them. Murraya koenigii used to cure
dysentery disorders, renal pain, stomach upsets and morning sickness. The carbazolealkaloids
such as koenigin, bicyclomahanimbicine, cyclomahanimbine, murrayastine, coumarine,
koenidine and pypayafolinecarbazole has substantial medicinal activities.

Antifeedant studies of Alpinia galanga rhizome on termites Coptotermes gestroi and Coptotermes cu... more Antifeedant studies of Alpinia galanga rhizome on termites Coptotermes gestroi and Coptotermes curvignathus were conducted at laboratory. Dual choice bioassay was conducted using methanolic extract and essential oil of A. galanga. Disk treated with A. galangal extract and another treated with solvent as control. Paper consumption by 100 termites per treatment was calculated. Data was analysed statistically using T-test. The result shows that essential oil from A. galangal gave positive result of antifeedant effect. 2000 ppm of A. galangal essential oil was considered as optimum concentration that gave maximum antifeedant effect. The essential oils composition was determined using Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). A. galanga essential oil had a chemical composition with major compound 1, 8-cineol (44.75%). A. galanga oil had antifeedant effects on C. gestroi, C. curvignathus Antifeedant activity of A. galanga essential oil is due to 1, 8-cineol. Bioassay with synthetic compound, 1, 8-cineol shows 200 ppm concentration is considered as optimum concentration that can cause antifeedant effect on C. gestroi. Whereas, 500 ppm 1, 8-cineol is considered as minimum concentration that can cause antifeedant effect on C. curvignathus. C. curvignathus were more tolerant than C. gestroi to the antifeedant effect of the A. galanga essential oils and synthetic compound (1, 8-cineol). A. galanga essential oils showed potential to be used as alternative control method against termite in sustainable agriculture practices.

Dual choice bioassays were used to evaluate the antifeedant property of essential oil and methano... more Dual choice bioassays were used to evaluate the antifeedant property of essential oil and methanolic extract of Alpinia galanga (L.) (locally known as lengkuas) against two species of termites, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) and Coptotermes curvignathus (Holmgren) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). A 4-cm-diameter paper disc treated with A. galanga essential oil and another treated with either methanol or hexane as control were placed in a petri dish with 10 termites. Mean consumption of paper discs (miligram) treated with 2,000 ppm of essential oil by C. gestroi was 3.30 6 0.24 mg and by C. curvignathus was 3.32 6 0.24 mg. A. galanga essential oil showed significant difference in antifeedant effect, 2,000 ppm of A. galanga essential oil was considered to be the optimum concentration that gave maximum antifeedant effect. The essential oil composition was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major component of the essential oil was 1,8-cineol (61.9%). Antifeedant bioassay using 500 ppm of 1,8-cineol showed significant reduction in paper consumption by both termite species. Thus, the bioactive agent in A. galangal essential oil causing antifeeding activity was identified as 1,8-cineol. Repellent activity shows that 250 ppm of 1,8-cineol caused 50.00 6 4.47% repellency for C. gestroi, whereas for C. curvignathus 750 ppm of 1,8-cineol was needed to cause similar repellent activity (56.67 6 3.33%). C. curvignathus is more susceptible compare to C. gestroi in Contact Toxicity study, the lethal dose (LD 50 ) of C. curvignathus was 945 mg/kg, whereas LD 50 value for C. gestroi was 1,102 mg/kg. Hence 1,8-cineol may be developed as an alternative control against termite in sustainable agriculture practices.

Azadirachta indica (Neem) which is a Mother of all therapeutical plant has been used extensively ... more Azadirachta indica (Neem) which is a Mother of all therapeutical plant has been used extensively many decades
ago and still been using for ritual and medicinal purposes. It’s easy availability and low cost has allowed many
people to gain benefit from this dynamic plant. Studies have been done widely from the leaves up to its bark to
explore its therapeutical potentials. The phytochemical such as Azadirachtin, Nimbidin, Nimbin, Nimbinin,
Nimbidinin, Nimbolide, Nimbidic acid, Nimbidin and Sodium Nimbidate derived from the Neem plant poses
variety of pharmacological effects such as antipyretic, antiviral, analgesic, antibacterial, contraceptive and
hepatoprotective effect and many more. Thus this review shows the active component and pharmacological and
non pharmacological uses of Neem.