Jaspreet Singh | Aston University (original) (raw)

Papers by Jaspreet Singh

Research paper thumbnail of Changes in body weight and body mass index among psychiatric patients receiving lithium, valproate, or topiramate: An open-label, nonrandomized chart review

Clinical Therapeutics, 2002

Subsets of psychiatric patients gain excess body weight while receiving mood-stabilizing agents s... more Subsets of psychiatric patients gain excess body weight while receiving mood-stabilizing agents such as lithium carbonate or valproate sodium. Patients who gain excess weight may discontinue therapy, with severe consequences. Among the newer anticonvulsant agents, topiramate is a candidate agent for bipolar disorder and is associated with weight loss when used as adjunctive treatment. This open-label, nonrandomized, chart-review study assessed changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI) in patients receiving topiramate, lithium, or valproate. Data were extracted from the medical charts of patients admitted in 1999 and 2000 to a state psychiatric hospital with either schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or other psychiatric diagnoses who were prescribed valproate, lithium, or topiramate and were reviewed for changes in body weight and BMI. The use of concomitant psychotropic medicines was recorded (eg, antipsychotic agents, antidepressant agents, other mood stabilizers such as gabapentin or carbamazepine). Continuous variables were analyzed using a factorial analysis of variance and the Student t test. Contingency statistics were used to analyze categorical variables. A total of 214 patients were included in the chart review (123 men, 91 women; mean age, 39.4 years). Significantly more women than men received topiramate (P = 0.004). Patients receiving either lithium or valproate gained a mean (SD) of 6.3 (9.0) kg and 6.4 (9.0) kg, respectively, whereas patients receiving topiramate lost a mean 1.2 (6.3) kg (F = 11.54, df = 2,198; P < 0.001). Lithium- or valproate-treated patients experienced an increase in BMI (mean, 2.1 [3.0] for both groups), whereas topiramate-treated patients experienced a reduction in BMI (mean, -0.5 [2.4]); this result was statistically significant (F = 11.40, df = 2,198; P < 0.001). Finally, lithium- or valproate-treated patients gained >8% of their baseline body weight (8.2% [11.5%] for lithium-treated patients and 8.5% [11.9%] for valproate-treated patients), whereas topiramate-treated patients lost 0.7% (7.2%) of their body weight (F = 9.93, df= 2,198; P < 0.001). Controlled studies for the efficacy of topiramate therapy in various psychiatric conditions are awaited. These data indicate that patients receiving topiramate experience body weight loss and a reduction in BMI. This advantage of topiramate may promote long-term adherence to treatment among psychiatric patients and possibly decrease the medical risks associated with obesity.

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Research paper thumbnail of Topiramate as add-on treatment for patients with bipolar mania

Bipolar Disorders, 1999

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Research paper thumbnail of Immune Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: Evidence for the Autoimmune Hypothesis

Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 1994

The autoimmune basis for schizophrenia has been investigated for the last 60 years. Although nume... more The autoimmune basis for schizophrenia has been investigated for the last 60 years. Although numerous immune abnormalities have been reported, the current literature is viewed with much skepticism because most of the studies have failed to control for extraneous factors that may have influenced the findings. Principally, antipsychotic medication, duration of illness, and current clinical state (acutely psychotic or remitted) may considerably alter immune response, as may other factors such as nutritional status, substance abuse, and concurrent medical illness. We review recent studies that employed current diagnostic criteria and modern immunologic techniques. (These studies were located by use of a Medline search on the terms schizophrenia and psychosis, cross-referenced with immune abnormalities, lymphokines, antibodies, lymphocytes, HLA, and medication, and by perusing the reference lists in the articles found through this search.) Immune abnormalities that have been replicated in studies of schizophrenic patients include increased prevalence of antinuclear antibodies, decreased production of interleukin-2, and increased serum concentrations of interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-6. Given the current importance of autoimmunity as an etiologic mechanism in several branches of medicine, further studies are needed, especially those having a longitudinal design and including drug-naive patients.

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Research paper thumbnail of Tumor Targeting with Antibody-Functionalized, Radiolabeled Carbon Nanotubes

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Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Behavioral Therapy on Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder

Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2005

Obesity is common in persons with schizophrenia. Besides its adverse health effects, obesity redu... more Obesity is common in persons with schizophrenia. Besides its adverse health effects, obesity reduces quality of life and contributes to the social stigma of schizophrenia. This 14-week, multicenter, open-label, rater-blinded, randomized study evaluated the effects of a group-based behavioral treatment (BT) for weight loss in overweight and obese stable patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who had been switched from olanzapine to risperidone. Participants were randomly assigned to receive BT or usual clinical care (UC). BT included 20 sessions during which patients were taught to reduce caloric intake. In UC, patients were encouraged to lose weight but received no special advice about weight reduction. The primary outcome measure was change in body weight. Seventy-two patients were enrolled. The mean +/- SD weight loss at endpoint was significant in both groups (p < .05) and numerically greater in patients receiving BT than in those receiving UC (-2.0 +/- 3.79 and -1.1 +/- 3.11 kg, respectively). More patients in the BT group than in the UC group had lost > or = 5% of their body weight at endpoint (26.5% [9/34] and 10.8% [4/37], respectively; p = .082). A post hoc analysis of patients attending at least 1 BT session showed that significantly more patients in the BT than the UC group had lost > or = 5% of their body weight at endpoint (32.1% [9/28] vs. 10.8% [4/37], respectively, p = .038) and at week 14 (complete population; 40.9% [9/22] and 14.3% [4/28], respectively, p = .027). BT may be an effective method for weight reduction in patients with chronic psychotic illness.

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Research paper thumbnail of Factors influencing the physico-chemical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties of some chemically modified starches for food applications—A review

Food Hydrocolloids, 2007

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Acetylation on Some Properties of Corn and Potato Starches

Starch-starke, 2004

Corn starch and starches separated from different potato cultivars were acetylated to evaluate th... more Corn starch and starches separated from different potato cultivars were acetylated to evaluate the effect of plant source on the physicochemical, morphological, thermal, rheological, textural and retrogradation properties of the starches. Corn starch showed a lower degree of acetylation than potato starches under similar experimental conditions. The degree of acetylation for different potato starches also differed significantly. Morphological examination revealed that the granules of acetylated Kufri Chandermukhi and Kufri Sindhuri starches tended to appear as fused and less smooth than native starch granules. Acetylation of corn and potato starches decreased the transition temperatures and enthalpy of gelatinization and increased swelling power and light transmittance. However, the change in these was greater in the potato starches with higher percentage of small sized granules. Acetylated starches showed higher peak G',G'' and lower tan δ than their counterpart native starches during heating. Among the starches from different cultivars, the change in the rheological parameters after acetylation differed to a significant extent. The retrogradation was observed to be negligible in the acetylated cooked starch pastes. Results implied that the change in functional properties of starches with acetylation depends on source and granule morphology of native starch.

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Research paper thumbnail of Influence of acetic anhydride on physicochemical, morphological and thermal properties of corn and potato starch

Food Chemistry, 2004

The physicochemical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties of acetylated corn and pot... more The physicochemical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties of acetylated corn and potato starches, prepared using acetic anhydride at different levels (4–12 g), were compared. Corn starch showed lower acetyl (%) and degree of substitution (DS) than ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Studies on the morphological, thermal and rheological properties of starch separated from some Indian potato cultivars

Food Chemistry, 2001

The starches separated from five different Indian potato cultivars (Kufri Chandermukhi, Kufri Bad... more The starches separated from five different Indian potato cultivars (Kufri Chandermukhi, Kufri Badshah, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Sindhuri and S1) were investigated for morphological, thermal, rheological, turbidity and water-binding properties. The starch separated from all the five ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Morphological, thermal and rheological properties of starches from different botanical sources

Food Chemistry, 2003

Morphology, thermal and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch... more Morphology, thermal and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. SSIII deficiency reduced granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ~11 μm (volume-weighted mean). Thermal analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the enthalpy change of starch during gelatinization. Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, while additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. Dynamic oscillatory analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased G' at 90 oC during heating, and increased it when the paste was cooled to 25 oC at 40 Hz during a frequency sweep. Additional GBSS deficiency further decreased the G'. Structural and compositional basis responsible for these changes in physical properties of the starches are discussed. This short communication highlighted the relationship between SSIII and some physicochemical properties of maize starch.

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Research paper thumbnail of Factors influencing the properties of hydroxypropylated potato starches

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2004

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of fatty acids on the rheological properties of corn and potato starch

Journal of Food Engineering, 2002

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Research paper thumbnail of Studies on the morphological and rheological properties of granular cold water soluble corn and potato starches

Food Hydrocolloids, 2003

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Research paper thumbnail of On the limits of communication with low-precision analog-to-digital conversion at the receiver

IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2009

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Research paper thumbnail of Tracking multiple targets using binary proximity sensors

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Research paper thumbnail of Capacity of the Discrete-Time AWGN Channel Under Output Quantization

Computing Research Repository, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of Changes in body weight and body mass index among psychiatric patients receiving lithium, valproate, or topiramate: An open-label, nonrandomized chart review

Clinical Therapeutics, 2002

Subsets of psychiatric patients gain excess body weight while receiving mood-stabilizing agents s... more Subsets of psychiatric patients gain excess body weight while receiving mood-stabilizing agents such as lithium carbonate or valproate sodium. Patients who gain excess weight may discontinue therapy, with severe consequences. Among the newer anticonvulsant agents, topiramate is a candidate agent for bipolar disorder and is associated with weight loss when used as adjunctive treatment. This open-label, nonrandomized, chart-review study assessed changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI) in patients receiving topiramate, lithium, or valproate. Data were extracted from the medical charts of patients admitted in 1999 and 2000 to a state psychiatric hospital with either schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or other psychiatric diagnoses who were prescribed valproate, lithium, or topiramate and were reviewed for changes in body weight and BMI. The use of concomitant psychotropic medicines was recorded (eg, antipsychotic agents, antidepressant agents, other mood stabilizers such as gabapentin or carbamazepine). Continuous variables were analyzed using a factorial analysis of variance and the Student t test. Contingency statistics were used to analyze categorical variables. A total of 214 patients were included in the chart review (123 men, 91 women; mean age, 39.4 years). Significantly more women than men received topiramate (P = 0.004). Patients receiving either lithium or valproate gained a mean (SD) of 6.3 (9.0) kg and 6.4 (9.0) kg, respectively, whereas patients receiving topiramate lost a mean 1.2 (6.3) kg (F = 11.54, df = 2,198; P < 0.001). Lithium- or valproate-treated patients experienced an increase in BMI (mean, 2.1 [3.0] for both groups), whereas topiramate-treated patients experienced a reduction in BMI (mean, -0.5 [2.4]); this result was statistically significant (F = 11.40, df = 2,198; P < 0.001). Finally, lithium- or valproate-treated patients gained >8% of their baseline body weight (8.2% [11.5%] for lithium-treated patients and 8.5% [11.9%] for valproate-treated patients), whereas topiramate-treated patients lost 0.7% (7.2%) of their body weight (F = 9.93, df= 2,198; P < 0.001). Controlled studies for the efficacy of topiramate therapy in various psychiatric conditions are awaited. These data indicate that patients receiving topiramate experience body weight loss and a reduction in BMI. This advantage of topiramate may promote long-term adherence to treatment among psychiatric patients and possibly decrease the medical risks associated with obesity.

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Research paper thumbnail of Topiramate as add-on treatment for patients with bipolar mania

Bipolar Disorders, 1999

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Research paper thumbnail of Immune Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: Evidence for the Autoimmune Hypothesis

Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 1994

The autoimmune basis for schizophrenia has been investigated for the last 60 years. Although nume... more The autoimmune basis for schizophrenia has been investigated for the last 60 years. Although numerous immune abnormalities have been reported, the current literature is viewed with much skepticism because most of the studies have failed to control for extraneous factors that may have influenced the findings. Principally, antipsychotic medication, duration of illness, and current clinical state (acutely psychotic or remitted) may considerably alter immune response, as may other factors such as nutritional status, substance abuse, and concurrent medical illness. We review recent studies that employed current diagnostic criteria and modern immunologic techniques. (These studies were located by use of a Medline search on the terms schizophrenia and psychosis, cross-referenced with immune abnormalities, lymphokines, antibodies, lymphocytes, HLA, and medication, and by perusing the reference lists in the articles found through this search.) Immune abnormalities that have been replicated in studies of schizophrenic patients include increased prevalence of antinuclear antibodies, decreased production of interleukin-2, and increased serum concentrations of interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-6. Given the current importance of autoimmunity as an etiologic mechanism in several branches of medicine, further studies are needed, especially those having a longitudinal design and including drug-naive patients.

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Research paper thumbnail of Tumor Targeting with Antibody-Functionalized, Radiolabeled Carbon Nanotubes

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Behavioral Therapy on Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder

Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2005

Obesity is common in persons with schizophrenia. Besides its adverse health effects, obesity redu... more Obesity is common in persons with schizophrenia. Besides its adverse health effects, obesity reduces quality of life and contributes to the social stigma of schizophrenia. This 14-week, multicenter, open-label, rater-blinded, randomized study evaluated the effects of a group-based behavioral treatment (BT) for weight loss in overweight and obese stable patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who had been switched from olanzapine to risperidone. Participants were randomly assigned to receive BT or usual clinical care (UC). BT included 20 sessions during which patients were taught to reduce caloric intake. In UC, patients were encouraged to lose weight but received no special advice about weight reduction. The primary outcome measure was change in body weight. Seventy-two patients were enrolled. The mean +/- SD weight loss at endpoint was significant in both groups (p < .05) and numerically greater in patients receiving BT than in those receiving UC (-2.0 +/- 3.79 and -1.1 +/- 3.11 kg, respectively). More patients in the BT group than in the UC group had lost > or = 5% of their body weight at endpoint (26.5% [9/34] and 10.8% [4/37], respectively; p = .082). A post hoc analysis of patients attending at least 1 BT session showed that significantly more patients in the BT than the UC group had lost > or = 5% of their body weight at endpoint (32.1% [9/28] vs. 10.8% [4/37], respectively, p = .038) and at week 14 (complete population; 40.9% [9/22] and 14.3% [4/28], respectively, p = .027). BT may be an effective method for weight reduction in patients with chronic psychotic illness.

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Research paper thumbnail of Factors influencing the physico-chemical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties of some chemically modified starches for food applications—A review

Food Hydrocolloids, 2007

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Acetylation on Some Properties of Corn and Potato Starches

Starch-starke, 2004

Corn starch and starches separated from different potato cultivars were acetylated to evaluate th... more Corn starch and starches separated from different potato cultivars were acetylated to evaluate the effect of plant source on the physicochemical, morphological, thermal, rheological, textural and retrogradation properties of the starches. Corn starch showed a lower degree of acetylation than potato starches under similar experimental conditions. The degree of acetylation for different potato starches also differed significantly. Morphological examination revealed that the granules of acetylated Kufri Chandermukhi and Kufri Sindhuri starches tended to appear as fused and less smooth than native starch granules. Acetylation of corn and potato starches decreased the transition temperatures and enthalpy of gelatinization and increased swelling power and light transmittance. However, the change in these was greater in the potato starches with higher percentage of small sized granules. Acetylated starches showed higher peak G',G'' and lower tan δ than their counterpart native starches during heating. Among the starches from different cultivars, the change in the rheological parameters after acetylation differed to a significant extent. The retrogradation was observed to be negligible in the acetylated cooked starch pastes. Results implied that the change in functional properties of starches with acetylation depends on source and granule morphology of native starch.

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Research paper thumbnail of Influence of acetic anhydride on physicochemical, morphological and thermal properties of corn and potato starch

Food Chemistry, 2004

The physicochemical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties of acetylated corn and pot... more The physicochemical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties of acetylated corn and potato starches, prepared using acetic anhydride at different levels (4–12 g), were compared. Corn starch showed lower acetyl (%) and degree of substitution (DS) than ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Studies on the morphological, thermal and rheological properties of starch separated from some Indian potato cultivars

Food Chemistry, 2001

The starches separated from five different Indian potato cultivars (Kufri Chandermukhi, Kufri Bad... more The starches separated from five different Indian potato cultivars (Kufri Chandermukhi, Kufri Badshah, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Sindhuri and S1) were investigated for morphological, thermal, rheological, turbidity and water-binding properties. The starch separated from all the five ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Morphological, thermal and rheological properties of starches from different botanical sources

Food Chemistry, 2003

Morphology, thermal and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch... more Morphology, thermal and rheological properties of starches from maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with a common genetic background (W64A) were studied and compared with the wild type. SSIII deficiency reduced granule size of the starches from 16.7 to ~11 μm (volume-weighted mean). Thermal analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the enthalpy change of starch during gelatinization. Steady shear analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased the consistency coefficient and yield stress during steady shearing, while additional deficiency in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) increased these values. Dynamic oscillatory analysis showed that SSIII deficiency decreased G' at 90 oC during heating, and increased it when the paste was cooled to 25 oC at 40 Hz during a frequency sweep. Additional GBSS deficiency further decreased the G'. Structural and compositional basis responsible for these changes in physical properties of the starches are discussed. This short communication highlighted the relationship between SSIII and some physicochemical properties of maize starch.

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Research paper thumbnail of Factors influencing the properties of hydroxypropylated potato starches

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2004

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of fatty acids on the rheological properties of corn and potato starch

Journal of Food Engineering, 2002

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Research paper thumbnail of Studies on the morphological and rheological properties of granular cold water soluble corn and potato starches

Food Hydrocolloids, 2003

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Research paper thumbnail of On the limits of communication with low-precision analog-to-digital conversion at the receiver

IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2009

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Research paper thumbnail of Tracking multiple targets using binary proximity sensors

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Capacity of the Discrete-Time AWGN Channel Under Output Quantization

Computing Research Repository, 2008

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