Barbaros Yaman | Bartın University (original) (raw)

Papers by Barbaros Yaman

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences , 2025

Wood and bark are among the most signifcant raw materials prehistoric and early historical human ... more Wood and bark are among the most signifcant raw materials prehistoric and early historical human communities used to
produce tools and goods that shaped their daily life. Since special conditions are required to preserve objects made with these
materials until today, we have limited information about how often or how this basic raw material was used. Here, we report
evidence of how wood and bark were used in basket crafting and compare them with modern-day uses. On the northwestern
coast of Türkiye, Zonguldak-Karadeniz Ereğli İnönü Cave has special conditions for the preservation of wood and other
organic materials. In the Late Bronze Age Level III of the cave (1,436–1,123 Cal BC), baskets and evidence of basketry
were found among water-flled puddles. These records are valuable for understanding how the environment surrounding
archaeological sites was used by its settlers. Analyzes carried out to understand which types of trees in the environment are
preferred for basket production highlighted European yew (Taxus baccata L.) and feld maple (Acer campestre L.) species.
Production techniques and species analyses of basket remains show the knowledge and level of specialization in basket
production of the Late Bronze Age settlers of İnönü Cave.

Turkish Journal of Forestry, 2005

Fresenius Environ. Bull, 2007

... Design; Plants; endemic plants; endemic species; flowers; natural vegetation; new species; pl... more ... Design; Plants; endemic plants; endemic species; flowers; natural vegetation; new species; planting; Cardamine; Centaurea; Cercis siliquastrum; Cyclamen; Dianthus; Muscari; Origanum; Pterocarya; Silene; Tamarix; MED, Black Sea; MED, Turkey; M 3 1010 Issues in ...

Bu çalışma, ahşap ve moloz taş kullanılarak inşa edilen tarihi Akseki-Sarıhacılar Köyü Camisi'ne ... more Bu çalışma, ahşap ve moloz taş kullanılarak inşa edilen tarihi Akseki-Sarıhacılar Köyü Camisi'ne ait bazı ahşapların anatomik teşhis ve tanımını yapmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ahşap örneklerinin cins / tür teşhisinin yapılmasına olanak sağlayan çalışılan anahtar nitelikteki anatomik özelliklerden traheid hücrelerinin radyal çeperlerindeki kenarlı geçitlerde görülen dişli torus, incelenen bütün ahşap örneklerinin Gymnospermae'lerden Pinaceae familyası sedir (Cedrus) cinsine ait olduğunu kanıtlamıştır. En son sistematik dizine göre (http://www.theplantlist.org) sedir cinsinin dünya üzerinde üç türü bulunmaktadır. Bunlar Toros Sediri (Cedrus libani A.Rich), Atlas Sediri (C. atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carrière ve Himalaya Sediri'dir (C. deodara (Roxb. ex D.Don) G.Don). Kıbrıs sediri (C. brevifolia (Hook.f.) Elwes & A.Henry) C. libani var. brevifolia Hook.f. olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Akseki-İbradı Havzasının Toros Dağları üzerinde yer alması ve ahşap ihtiyacının ulaşım imkânlarının zor ve sınırlı olduğu tarihsel dönemlerde en yakın doğal kaynaktan temin edilmesi nedeniyle, anatomileri incelenen ahşap örneklerinin tamamının Cedrus libani (Toros Sediri) türüne ait olduğu söylenebilir.

Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, Apr 15, 2022

Makale Tarihçesi Öz − Bu çalışmada, Zonguldak Gökgöl Mağarası yakınlarında Doğu kayını (Fagus ori... more Makale Tarihçesi Öz − Bu çalışmada, Zonguldak Gökgöl Mağarası yakınlarında Doğu kayını (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), Anadolu kestanesi (Castanea sativa Mill.) ve Adi gürgen (Carpinus betulus L.) türlerinden oluşan karışık meşcerede münferit halde bulunan 4 adet yaşlı Taxus baccata L. bireyinin anıtsal özellikleri incelenmiştir. Tahmini yaşları 915 ila 1180 arasında değişen bu ağaçların Şimdiki Anıtsal Değerleri (ŞAD) 71 ila 94 puan arasında bulunmaktadır. Bu değerler Adi porsuk için verilen Asgari Anıtsal Değer (AAD) olan 40'tan büyük olduğu için incelenen ağaçların tamamı boyutsal anıt ağaçtır. Sonuç olarak, Gökgöl mağarasını da içerisine alan söz konusu anıt porsuk ağaçlarının bulunduğu bu tabiat parçası "tabiat anıtı" olarak ayrılmalı ve tescil edilmelidir

Climbing plants may attach to their host plants by means of one of the following mechanisms: twin... more Climbing plants may attach to their host plants by means of one of the following mechanisms: twining stems, tendrils, adventitious roots, spines, thorns, sprawling and rambling. The silkvine (Periploca graeca L.) belonging to the Apocynaceae family is one of the woody twining species. In this study, the impact of the silkvine to a juvenile individual of the common alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) was comparatively examined based on some wood anatomical properties of both species. Material and Methods: Wood samples were taken using handsaw from both the juvenile stem of the common alder and the twining stem of the silkvine. Transverse, radial and tangential sections (20-25 µm thick) were cut from small wood blocks (100-1000 mm 3) using a sliding microtome, and they were prepared using routine methods for bleaching, staining, anatomical measurements etc. Results: The preliminary results showed that some anatomical changes (e.g. in vessel diameter and vessel frequency mm-2) were present in secondary xylem under the friction surface and its both sides of the juvenile stem of the common alder (host plant). However, except for stem eccentricity index, there was no anatomical change on the twining stem of the silkvine.

Gazi Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi dergisi, Mar 5, 2017

Yıllık halka tarihlendirme bilimi olarak dendrokronoloji, fiziksel çevre ve kültürel alanlarda za... more Yıllık halka tarihlendirme bilimi olarak dendrokronoloji, fiziksel çevre ve kültürel alanlarda zamansal ve mekânsal süreçlerin analiz edilmesinde yanılma payı oldukça düşük olan ve yıllık çözünürlükte bilgi sunan önemli bir araç olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu bilim dalının jeomorfolojik olay ve olgularla ilişkili alt dalına da dendrojeomorfoloji adı verilmiştir. Jeomorfolojik olay yeri ve yakın çevresinde bulunan ağaç ve diğer odunsu bitkilerde gerçekleştirilen yıllık halka analizleri, jeomorfolojinin birçok alanı için aydınlatıcı bilgi sunabilmektedir. Oluşum tarihleri bilinmeyen heyelanlar başta olmak üzere, kaya ve taş yuvarlanmaları, enkaz ve çamur akışları, ani seller, çığlar, toprak erozyonu ve kumul hareketleri gibi fiziki coğrafyayı ilgilendiren birçok olgunun yaşlandırılmasında, ilgili jeomorfolojik olaydan etkilenen ve zarar gören ağaçların yıllık halka kronolojileri ve yıllık halka anatomisine ilişkin bilgiler kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalede Bartın Akörensöküler Köyü'nde 2012 yılında meydana gelen heyelan sahasında bulunan bir karaçamın açığa çıkan kökü anatomik yönden incelenmiştir. Heyelan sonrası dönemde yıllık halka genişlikleri ile birlikte yaz odunu genişliği de artmış, ancak traheid çapları ortalama % 45 oranında azalmıştır. Bu sonuçlar ilgili referanslar temelinde beklenen sonuçlardır. Bununla birlikte açığa çıkan kökte heyelanla oluşmuş mikro-yaraların tetiklediği dişli yıllık halkalar da (indented rings) olay zamanına işaret etmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Dendrojeomorfoloji, heyelan, kök odunu anatomisi, Pinus nigra Root Wood Anatomy of a Black Pine Tree: Landslide Traces Abstract: Dendrochronology is the scientific discipline of dating based on tree-rings (growth rings) to analyse temporal and spatial patterns of processes in the physical and cultural sciences. Of which a subdiscipline of dendrochronology, dendrogeomorhology provides the techniques to date and analyse earth surface processes such as rockfall and landslide events, debris and mood flows, flash floods, avalanches, erosion and sand dune dynamics, and etc. Moreover, exposed-root anatomy has been recently used for dendrogeomorphological studies. In this study, found in a small scale landslide event happened in the year of 2012 in Akörensöküler, Bartın-Turkey, the exposed root wood of a black pine tree was investigated anatomically. After the event, albeit wider tree rings with large latewood were formed, tracheid diameters were 45 % smaller. These are expected results on the basis of former dendrogeomorphological studies. However, indented rings formed due to micro-scars in the exposed root also indicated to the event time.

Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, Mar 1, 2003

Bu çalışmada; Zonguldak Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü'ndeki Uludağ göknarı-sarıçam-doğu kayını karışık me... more Bu çalışmada; Zonguldak Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü'ndeki Uludağ göknarı-sarıçam-doğu kayını karışık meşcerelerinin verim gücü ile bazı fizyografik ve edafik faktörler arasında bonitet belirlemede kullanılabilecek ilişkilerin bulunup bulunmadığı; ikili ilişkilerin (bonitet endeksi ile bakı, eğim, yükselti ve toprağın kil miktarı) grafik olarak elde edilmesi ve yorumlanması amaçlanmıştır.

Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, Apr 15, 2023

günü ani bir kalp krizi sonucu kaybettik. Akademik yaşamı boyunca Melissopalinoloji ve Aeropalino... more günü ani bir kalp krizi sonucu kaybettik. Akademik yaşamı boyunca Melissopalinoloji ve Aeropalinoloji alanındaki çalışmaları yanısıra bitki taksonomisi alanında Asteraceae familyasından Centaurea L. ve Cyanus Miller cinslerine odaklanan Zafer Kaya, her iki cinse ait bilim dünyası için yeni olan türleri isimlendirdi ve yayınladı.

Eurasian journal of forest science, Jun 21, 2018

The endemic juniper form of Turkey, Juniperus oxycedrus f. yaltirikiana Avci & Ziel., was first d... more The endemic juniper form of Turkey, Juniperus oxycedrus f. yaltirikiana Avci & Ziel., was first described by Avcı and Zielinski in 2008. The locality of its holotype is between Göbü and Türkali in Northeast of Zonguldak. According to our current knowledge, another distribution locality of this juniper form is unknown except the holotype locality. The present study is related to the new distribution area of this endemic juniper and its vegetation structure and sociological properties.

Dendrobiology, 2012

This study deals with the wood of Marsdenia erecta R. Br., which is poorly known from a wood anat... more This study deals with the wood of Marsdenia erecta R. Br., which is poorly known from a wood anatomical point of view. M. erecta, a woody-based perennial with numerous herbaceous sprawling stems, is distributed in the south and eastern parts of the Balkan Peninsula (incl. Crete) and Asia Minor to Afghanistan. The study aims at describing the wood anatomy of the species in detail based on IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification, and at determining whether it has paedomorphic wood anatomical features. In M. erecta wood, the typical decreasing age-on-length graphic for vessel elements and exclusively upright and square ray cells provide strong arguments for paedomorphosis and secondary woodiness. However, to make a precise decision, this result based on wood anatomy should be checked with molecular phylogenetic data of the species investigated.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment, Jan 19, 2021

Studies associated with climate change and variability are of great importance at both the global... more Studies associated with climate change and variability are of great importance at both the global and local scale in the global climate crisis. In this study, change-point detection and trend analysis were carried out on mean, maximum, minimum air temperatures and total precipitation based on monthly, seasonal and annual scale in Bartın province located in the western Black Sea Region of Turkey. For this aim, 4-different homogeneity tests (von Neumann test, Pettitt test, Buishand range test and standard normal homogeneity test) for changepoint detection, Modified Mann-Kendall test and Şen's innovative trend test for trend analysis, and Sen's slope test for the magnitude estimation of trends were used. According to the test results, the summer temperatures in particular show increasing trends at the 0.001 significance level. Mean maximum temperature in August, mean minimum temperature in June and August, and mean temperature in July and August are in increasing trend at the 0.001 significance level. Over a 51 year period (1965-2015) in Bartın province, the highest rate of change per decade in air temperatures is in August (0.55°C for T max , 0.46°C for T min and 0.43°C for T mean) based on Sen's slope. However, the study showed that apart from October precipitation, there is no significant trend in monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation in Bartın. Increasing trends in mentioned climate variables are also visually very clear and strong in Şen's innovative trend method, and they comply with the statistical results. As a result, the study revealed some evidence that temperatures will increase in the future in Bartın and its environs.

Wood Material Science and Engineering, Dec 27, 2020

ABSTRACT Beef tallow is a by-product of rendering of fats from meat production. While tallow can ... more ABSTRACT Beef tallow is a by-product of rendering of fats from meat production. While tallow can be used for a variety of applications including biodiesel production, it might also be useful for enhancing the water resistance of wood to improve durability. The effects of differing retentions of tallow on wood performance were evaluated in scots pine, beech and poplar. Tallow slowed but did not completely limit water uptake nor did it completely inhibit swelling. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis indicated that tallow did not appreciably alter the wood chemistry and TGA analysis suggested that it had only minor thermal effects. Fungal exposures suggested that tallow treatment improved decay resistance slightly but would not function as a stand-alone wood protectant. The results suggest that tallow might be a useful additive for bulking the wood to enhance water repellency of an existing preservative.

International Journal of Botany, Jun 15, 2005

Iawa Journal, 2007

Pinus sylvestris L. subsp. hamata (Steven) Fomin var. compacta Tosun is quite different from the ... more Pinus sylvestris L. subsp. hamata (Steven) Fomin var. compacta Tosun is quite different from the common form of P. sylvestris in its external morphology. The size of the needles, cones and seeds of the former are significantly smaller than those of the latter. Besides, this variety branches out beginning from the ground level, and has very dense branches and needles. The present study describes the anatomical properties of the wood of P. sylvestris var. compacta and compares them with typical P. sylvestris. The woods of these taxa have the same qualitative anatomical features, but most of the quantitative anatomical characteristics show significant differences: variety compacta has lower values than common P. sylvestris in tracheid length and diameter, ray height and bordered pit diameter.

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Feb 10, 2009

Bu çalışmada; Türkiye'nin Euxine bölgesindeki doğal Populus L. taksonlarında trahe boyutlarının y... more Bu çalışmada; Türkiye'nin Euxine bölgesindeki doğal Populus L. taksonlarında trahe boyutlarının yükselti ile gösterdiği değişim incelenmiştir. Odun örnekleri farklı yükseltilerden seçilen örnek ağaçlardan temin edilmiştir. Trahe teğet ve radyal çapları, 1 mm 2 deki trahe sayısı, trahe hücre uzunluğu gibi kantitatif trahe özelikleri belirlenerek vulnerabilite ve mezomorfi oranları hesaplanmıştır. Korelasyon analizine göre; trahe hücre uzunluğu dışındaki diğer trahe boyutları, vulnerabilite ve mezomorfi oranları yükselti ile anlamlı ilişkiler göstermektedir.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2007

This study examined the anatomical characteristics of indented growth rings in Lebanon cedar. In ... more This study examined the anatomical characteristics of indented growth rings in Lebanon cedar. In the indented pattern of growth rings, the alignment and shape of tracheids and rays were found to be irregular, and distinctive trabeculae were identified in tracheids. Multiseriate parenchymatic rays occur in addition to uniseriate and biseriate ones. In the indented pattern the average tracheid length is shorter, whereas the lumen diameter and double-wall thickness are wider than those of unindented ones. The average maximum ray height is greater than that of normal wood. The average number of tracheids per mm 2 differs only in latewood.

Modern Phytomorphology, Apr 1, 2014

The quantitative anatomical differences between the stem and branch wood of Ficus carica L. subsp... more The quantitative anatomical differences between the stem and branch wood of Ficus carica L. subsp. carica (Moraceae) were investigated. In spite of the similarity in the qualitative traits, according to statistical analysis, tangential vessel diameter, radial vessel diameter, vessel frequency, vessel wall thickness, multiseriate ray width, fibre length, fibre diameter, and fibre wall thickness showed statistically significant differences in the stem and branch wood of taxon examined. Fibre length and vessel element length in branch wood is about 16% and 3% shorter respectively. In addition, vessel frequency in the branch wood is about 52% higher. Whilst the number of rays per mm is not different in branch wood and stem wood, ray width is about 18% narrower in branch wood.

Research Square (Research Square), Nov 21, 2022

This paper was to investigate the strain distribution with digital image correlation (DIC) during... more This paper was to investigate the strain distribution with digital image correlation (DIC) during the heat treatment of Beech and Uludag Fir woods at 170, 190, and 210°C for 4 h and the effects of the heat treatment process on the deformation behavior during mechanical testing of heat-treated wood, and the physical, mechanical, morphological, thermal, chemical properties of the heat-treated woods. According to the mechanical test, the heat treatment parameters can be optimized by using the DIC methods during the treatment, and therefore, it can be said that the DIC method can provide important data in the design of structurally heat-treated wood materials. Although heat treatment can provide improved physical and thermal properties, it caused micro-crack formations and collapses in the wood cells in morphological structure and so, it negatively affected the mechanical properties. FTIR showed that different peaks weren't detected in the spectra of untreated and heat-treated woods, but it was seen to be slight shifts in the intensity of some peaks of the heat-treated woods. The x-ray diffraction results showed a slight difference in the XRD patterns of the heat-treated woods and while the thermal treatment was raised, the crystallinity generally increased more.

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences , 2025

Turkish Journal of Forestry, 2005

Fresenius Environ. Bull, 2007

Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, Apr 15, 2022

Gazi Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi dergisi, Mar 5, 2017

Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, Mar 1, 2003

Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, Apr 15, 2023

Eurasian journal of forest science, Jun 21, 2018

Dendrobiology, 2012

Geology, Geophysics and Environment, Jan 19, 2021

Wood Material Science and Engineering, Dec 27, 2020

International Journal of Botany, Jun 15, 2005

Iawa Journal, 2007

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Feb 10, 2009

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2007

Modern Phytomorphology, Apr 1, 2014

Research Square (Research Square), Nov 21, 2022

Труды седьмой международной научно-практической конференции Индикация состояния окружающей среды: теория, практика, образование 25 апреля 2020 года, Москва, 2020, Московский педагогический государственный университет (МПГУ) Географический факультет, ISBN 978-5-9216-0234-2, 2020

Archaeological wood studies contribute to a better understanding of history. Despite time-depende... more Archaeological wood studies contribute to a better understanding of
history. Despite time-dependent degradation in archaeological woods, its
many anatomical properties can remain unaffected. At the centre of
Anatolia, one of the classical historical bridge, Devrez bridge (so-called
Kurşunlu, Mamo, Korgun) is a historic structure built to span Devrez river.
The study aims to anatomically identify a wood sample taken from a beam in the spandrel wall of the bridge. Based on light microscopy of the thin wood sections, the secondary xylem of the wood sample indicates that it belongs to the white oak group (section Quercus) in the genus Quercus of the Fagaceae family.
Keywords: historical bridge, Kurşunlu, white oak, wood anatomy

Oldest archaeological wood remains (dated to 780,000 years ago) are at a Paleolithic site in Isra... more Oldest archaeological wood remains (dated to 780,000 years ago) are at a Paleolithic site in Israel. Albeit bow and arrow history goes back to Paleolithic era, the oldest
known bows are Holmegaard wooden bows found in Denmark (6000 BC). The other oldest bow is Iceman’s (Ötzi) wooden bow found in Alps (South Tyrol, Italy) (3300 BC). Iceman’s unfinished bow is made of yew (Taxus baccata) with a total length of 1.82 meters. There are two main types of archery bows: self‐bow and composite‐bow. Self‐bow is made of a single wooden stick (e.g. Otzi’s yew bow, English longbow). However, composite bow is made of wood, horn and sinew (e.g. Asiatic bows, Ottoman bow). Yew (Taxus baccata) in Europe and Osage orange (Maclura pomifera) and desert willow (Chilopsis linearis) in Native Indian America has been main woody species for centuries to construct bows. Ancient wooden bows in Japan are usually made from branches of Inugaya (Cephalotaxus harringtonia). Ottoman Turks selected maple wood (Acer sp.) to make a kind of the most efficient bows in the world. Practically any wood can be used for a bow stick, but the efficiency and power of a bow vary depending on wood species selected for bow‐making. People historically tried to select the most appropriate woody species for bows as referred above. The woods of these taxa have a common anatomical feature; helical thickenings on the walls of conductive cells. What is the importance of helical thickenings on vessel walls in Ottoman composite bow made from maple wood core, horn, sinew, and natural glue produced from Sturgeon Bladder? Helical thickening means higher surface to volume ratio in vessel. This provides more
adhesion surface. At micro‐morphological level, maple wood having helical thickenings shows excellent harmony and coherence with sinew, horn and natural glue.

Murat Nehri Kıyısında Bir Urartu Yerleşimi MURAT TEPE, 2021

Anatomical Identifcation of Wood Charcoal Found at an Urartian Period Tomb in Murat Tepe Due to t... more Anatomical Identifcation of Wood Charcoal Found at an Urartian Period Tomb in Murat Tepe
Due to the Kaleköy Dam Project, a salvage excavation was carried out in Murat Tepe near the Murat village of Solhan district of Bingöl in 2018. The excavation indicated that two diferent settlement layers were dating to the Byzantine period (9th-10th centuries AD) and the Middle Iron Age / Urartu Kingdom (2nd layer). Two Urartian graves, grave 1 containing a fetal-like positioned skeleton and grave 2 with a bronze belt were found during the excavation. Also, a few wood charcoals were gathered from the base of grave 2. Te wood charcoals found at grave 2 in the G6 grid square were investigated based on their wood anatomical traits using a refected light microscope. Te results revealed that all the wood charcoals were Salix (willow) / Populus (poplar). Willow and poplar charcoals could not be distinguished because the ray parenchyma cells were not visible under the
refected light microscope. Willow, an element of riparian vegetation, grows in habitats with very high groundwater level, but poplars avoid habitats with stagnant water and very high groundwater level. Since Murat Tepe was built on the edge of the Murat River, the Urartu inhabitants of this settlement probably used willow trees cut from the riverside forests for diferent purposes. We thought that the charcoals in grave 2 were the remains of willow timber that was probably used as the cover or base of the grave.
Keywords: Eastern Anatolia, Middle Iron Age, Urartian, wood charcoal, willow, poplar

Erken Tunç Çağı’nda MURAT HÖYÜK, 2021

White Oaks of Murat Höyük in Early Bronze Age Due to Aşağı Kaleköy Dam Project, the salvage exca... more White Oaks of Murat Höyük in Early Bronze Age
Due to Aşağı Kaleköy Dam Project, the salvage excavations were carried out in Murat Höyük in 2019. Taxonomic identifcation of the wood charcoal samples dating to the Early Bronze Age and their interpretation based on vegetation history was the subject of the study. Reflected light microscopy showed that all of the wood charcoal samples belong to the Quercus L. (oak) genus, section Quercus (White Oak Group) from the Fagaceae family. The wood charcoal samples have the following wood anatomical traits: growth ring boundaries distinct, wood ring-porous, the transition from earlywood to latewood abrupt, vessels of latewood in a radial to the dendritic pattern, uniseriate and multiseriate rays, multiseriate rays very large, ray height > 1mm. It can be assumed that the woods belonging to the White Oak Group, which were understood to be used both as a building material and as fuel, were obtained from timber or frewood trees in the oak forests in the relatively close vicinity of the Murat Höyük settlement at that time. In the Solhan region where Murat Höyük is located, coppice oak forests constitute the current woody vegetation type today.
Keywords: White Oak Group, Early Bronze Age, Eastern Anatolia, Wood Charcoal