Fatma Elhofy | Benha University (original) (raw)

Papers by Fatma Elhofy

A B S T R A C T Ten isolates of Salmonella species were obtained from sporadic cases of profuse d... more A B S T R A C T Ten isolates of Salmonella species were obtained from sporadic cases of profuse diarrhea in new born ruminants from El-Menofiya and El-Kalubia Governorates in Egypt. These isolates were as follow 7 isolates from calves (Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis,two were Salmonella Saintpaul, two were Salmonella Langeveld and Salmonella Havana) ,two isolates from lambs (Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Bardo) and one isolate from goat-kids(Salmonella Enteritidis). Salmonella isolates resistance to aminoglycosoides was 0.00% for Amikacin, 30% for tobramycin and 50% for streptomycin. Susceptibility of isolates to tetracycline was 50% for doxycycline. Results showed a high incidence of aminoglycosoides resistance gene aadB in 100% of the isolates while aadA2 genes in 40% of the isolates. Incidence of tetracycline resistance genes was 0.00% for tetA(B) and 80% for tetA(A). The difference between the results of this study and those from other regions in Egypt necessitate a complete survey overall the country to make a complete and clear map of salmonella servoars, their antibiotics susceptibility and in molecular characterization of resistance determinants in each region. (http://www.bvmj.bu.edu.eg) (BVMJ‐30(1): 161‐170, 2016)

The study was performed on 225 chicken (72 diseased and 153 freshly dead ones) from different 45 ... more The study was performed on 225 chicken (72 diseased and 153 freshly dead ones) from different 45 commercial broiler farms (1-30 days old) at Dakahlia Governorate for mycotic infection. Samples were taken from these chickens (lung; air sac; crop; liver and brain from each chicken) after clinical and postmortem examination for mycological examination. The results revealed that, fungi were isolated from 503 positive samples (44.7%); represented as 119 positive samples (10.6%) from diseased chickens and 384 positive samples (34.1 %) from freshly dead ones.651 fungal isolates (moulds and yeasts) were isolated from 1125 samples, where 219(33.6%) were isolated from lung samples followed by

A B S T R A C T A total of (236 swabs) fecal samples from El-Menofiya and El-Kalubia Governorates... more A B S T R A C T A total of (236 swabs) fecal samples from El-Menofiya and El-Kalubia Governorates, as sporadic cases of were subjected to bacteriological, biochemical, serotyping, sensitivity testing and PCR detection of resistance genes for β-Lactames and Quinolones. Ten isolates of Salmonella species were identified, as 7 isolates (4.7%) from calves (Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella saintpaul, Salmonella Langeveld and Salmonella Havana), 2 isolates (3.6%) from lambs (Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Bardo) and one isolate (3.3%) from goat-kids (Salmonella Enteritidis) Salmonella isolates sensitivity to β-lacatmes was 0.00% for ampicillin, penicillin G, piperacillin, cephalexin, cefoxitin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, 10% for ceftriaxone and 20% for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, increased to 60% and 100% for aztreonam, imipenem respectively. Susceptibility of isolates to quinolones were 10% for ciprofluxacin, 20% to nalidixic acid, and 100% for each of norfloxacin and levofloxacin. PCR study showed beta-lactamase encoding gene, bla (TEM-1), was identified in 90% and the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, (CIT) in 20% while bla (SHV) and acc in 80% of isolates. The detection was 50%, 40%, and 0.00% for FOX, MOX, and bla (OXA-1) genes, respectively. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, qnrB, qnrS were detected in 80% while aac(6')-Ib-cr, was only in 50% of the isolates. Results showed a high incidence of β-lacatmase than quinolones resistance genes and higher isolate susceptibility to quinolone than to β-lacatmes which indicates higher efficacy and validity of quinolones. Results indicates quinolones LEV and NOR in addition to β-lacatmes imipenem are the drugs of choice for suspected salmonella cases. (http://www.bvmj.bu.edu.eg) (BVMJ‐30(1): 171‐182, 2016)

Although normally regarded harmless commensals, enterococci may cause a range of different infect... more Although normally regarded harmless commensals, enterococci may cause a range of different infections in humans, including urinary tract infections, sepsis, and endocarditis. The acquisition of vancomycin resistance by enterococci (VRE) has seriously affected the treatment and infection control of these organisms. VRE are frequently resistant to all antibiotics that are effective treatment for vancomycin-susceptible enterococci, which leaves clinicians treating VRE infections with limited therapeutic options. With VRE emerging as a global threat to public health, we aimed to isolate, identify enterococci species from tilapia and their resistance to van-mediated glycopeptide (vanA and vanC) as well as the presence of enterococcal surface protein (esp) using conventional and molecular methods. The cultural, biochemical (Vitek 2 system) and polymerase chain reaction results revealed eight Enterococcus isolates from the 80 fish samples (10%) to be further identified as E. faecalis (6/8, 75%) and E gallinarum (2/8, 25%). Intraperitoneal injection of healthy Nile tilapia with the eight Enterococcus isolates caused significant morbidity (70%) within 3 days and 100% mortality at 6 days post-injection with general signs of septicemia. All of the eight Enterococcus isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline. The 6/6 E. faecalis isolates were susceptible for penicillin, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, and streptomycin. On the other hand 5/6 were susceptible for ampicillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. The two isolates of E. gallinarum were sensitive to rifampicin and ciprofloxacin and resistant to vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. Molecular characterization proved that they all presented the prototypic vanC element. On the whole, one of the two vancomycin resistance gene was present in 3/8 of the enterococci isolates, while the esp virulence gene was present in 1/8 of the enterococci isolates. The results in this study emphasize the potential role that aquatic environments are correlated to proximity to anthropogenic activities in determining the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. recovered from fish in the river Nile in Giza, Elmounib, Egypt as a continuation of our larger study on the reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in the environment.

A total of 100 samples were collected (75 samples from diseased broiler chickens and 25 samples f... more A total of 100 samples were collected (75 samples from diseased broiler chickens and 25 samples from recently dead broiler chickens). The samples were examined bacteriological, fifty two isolates of E.coli (52%) and seven isolates of Salmonellae (7%) were found. ten random samples of E.coli were sero grouped where five were E.coli O78, two O157 and untyped and seven isolates of salmonellae were serotyped where three S.Enteritidis, one S.Charity, one S.Remiremont and two untyped . Antibacterial activity of five medicinal plant oils from Eucalyptus, Mint, Cinnamon, Garlic and Thyme were evaluated against the isolated strains using micro-titer plate to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for these oils. MIC results proved that for Mint, Cinnamon, and Garlic oils were ranged from 5-5120 µg/ml, for Eucalyptus 20-5120 µg/ml and for Thyme 5-2560 µg/ml. While results of MBC of Thyme and Cinnamon oils were ranged from 10-2560 µg/ml. but MBC of Eucalyptus ranged from 40-5120 µg, MBC of Mint and Garlic oils were ranged from 5-2560µg |ml, 20-2560µg |ml respectively.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanol plant extract... more The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanol plant extract of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and / with five antimicrobial agents of different mechanisms (oxytetracycline Hcl, amoxicillin, cefquinome, sulphaquinoxaline and danofloxacin) against field strain of S. aureus. By using agar well diffusion method, the mean zone of inhibition (mm) of ethanol extract of Rosemary were 21.mm at different concentrations. While the mean zone of inhibition (mm) of different antimicrobial agents at different concentrations for amoxacillin was 24±0.29, 20.67±0.33, 17.67±0.33 and 14.17±0.17mm and for cefquinome was 20.83±0.17, 18±0.29 and 13.5±0.29 mm. no inhibition zones were detected with danofloxacin, sulphaquinoxalline and oxytetracycline Hcl. By macrodilution method, the MIC of rosemary was 0.048mg/ml and the MICs for the aforementioned antimicrobial agents were 0.015, 0.25, 1.0, 8.0 and 16 µg/ml respectively. The synergistic effects were recorded by FIC index between 0.006 and 0.00038 mg/ml of rosemary with 0.125 and 4.0 µg/ml of cefquinome and sulphaquinoxalline respectively.

A total of 150 random samples were collected from different supermarkets and retailers of differe... more A total of 150 random samples were collected from different supermarkets and retailers of different sanitation levels at Gharbeia governorate, Egypt as follows 70 samples of minced meat, 40 samples of sausage and 40 samples of beef burger. The aforementioned samples were subjected to bacteriological and serological applications to assess the prevalence of S. Enteritidis. The obtained results revealed that the incidence of S. Enteritidis in the examined samples of minced meat, sausage and beef burger were 1/70 (1.4%), 1/40(2.5%) and 0/40(0%) respectively. The isolates were submitted for serological analysis and revealed that Salmonella Enteritidis O 1,9,12 ad monophasic H:g, m. The antibiogram sensitivity test was applied upon the two isolates of S. Enteritidis and revealed that they are sensitive to chloramphinicol, amoxicillin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and gentamycin but they were resistant to oxytetracycline. The virulence genes of S. Enteritidis isolates were determined by using multiple PCR technique for the two serologically detected Salmonella Enteritidis by using the following genes inv A, sef A, sop B and bcf C at 284bp, 310bp, 517bp, 467bp, respectively.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the epidemiological and genetic relationshi... more The objective of the present study was to investigate the epidemiological and genetic relationships of classical enterotoxins of S. aureus in goat's raw milk, meat and food handlers in Toukh city in Qaluobia governorate, Egypt. A total of 100 goat, s raw milk and meat samples (50 of each) were collected from randomly distributed herds in streets for buying milk and in public markets for peddler meat. Hand and nasal swabs were collected from milkers and butchers (30 of ech). All samples were subjected for bacteriological examination for isolation and identification of S. aureus. Isolates were underwent reversed passive latex agglutination technique for detection of enterotoxigenic S. aureus. A multiplex PCR assay could successfully amplify the diagnostic DNA bands of 270bp, 165bp, 69bp and 306bp of genes for staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, and D respectively. PCR was applied on the serologically identified 16 (20.25%) isolates out of 79 S. aureus which isolated from the exam...

Query (Q) fever is an ubiquitous zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. The present study was carr... more Query (Q) fever is an ubiquitous zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of C. burnetii in apparently healthy sheep, goats and farm workers. Raw milk and serum samples were randomly collected from 200 sheep, goats (100 of each) and 30 farm workers from Qaluobia governorate, Egypt during 2014/2015. The milk and serum samples were investigated for IgG antibodies against C. burnetii phase II antigen by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The seropositive samples were confirmed by touch –down PCR with specific primers which amplify transposon-like region of C. burnetti. The results showed that antibodies against C. burnetii in sheep raw milk and sera were 17% and 23% respectively, in goat raw milk and sera were 19% and 27% respectively and in human was 23.3%. PCR targeting IS1111 gene confirmed the presence of C. burnetti DNA in sheep and goats raw milk and sera were 82.4%, 89.5%, 91.3% and 85.2% respectively and in farm workers was 57.1%. These results proved that the apparently healthy sheep and goats are an important reservoir of C.burnetii infection. The farm workers constitute an occupational risk group for C. burnetii infection, for their contact with infected livestock.