mohamed kandiel | Benha University (original) (raw)

Papers by mohamed kandiel

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of IBR vaccination timing on ovarian and uterine statuses and circulating progesterone and estradiol 17β in synchronized crossbreed heifers

Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 2024

To declare the interaction between IBR vaccination and the synchronization protocol, dairy heifer... more To declare the interaction between IBR vaccination and the synchronization protocol, dairy heifers (n= 24), 12.5-14.0 months old, were equally and randomly assigned according to the timing of vaccination into pre-synch group (vaccinated 3 days before synchronization), in-synch group (vaccinated five days after the start of the synchronization), and control (given sterile water same as treated groups). Ovarian and uterine ultrasound examinations were done on Day -3, 5, 8, 19 and 43. Blood samples were collected for measuring estradiol and progesterone levels after vaccination. The effect of IBR vaccination on ovarian activity appeared on Day 5 (P= 0.07) through decrease in the mean diameter of the growing follicles in pre-synch group compared to in-synch group, and on Day 8 through reduction of the total and growing follicular numbers (P= 0.05 and 0.03, respectively) in in-synch group compared to other groups. Estradiol levels were significantly (P=0.03) higher on day 8 (day of insemination) in the pre-synch group than the other groups. The uterine changes were characterized by a significant decrease in uterine diameters on Day 5 in the pre-synch group compared with control. The ventral uterine diameter in-synch group decreased on Day 5 (P= 0.015) and re-increased on Day 8 (P= 0.007 compared to control group. In conclusion, administration of IBR vaccination prior to synchronization may possess some impacts on the ovarian and uterine activities without major adverse reactions on reproduction. Therefore, vaccination timing is recommended to be at least three days away from the beginning of the synchronization protocol.

Research paper thumbnail of A case of sterility associated with SRY-negative 64, XY in Egyptian Arabian mare: cytogenetics, molecular and hormonal analyses

Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 2024

Inherited disorders are one of the reasons of infertility and economic losses for the equine indu... more Inherited disorders are one of the reasons of infertility and economic losses for the equine industry. The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities is rising due to the use of sex chromosome linked molecular markers. Here, a rare sterile five-year-old Arabian mare with XY male chromosomes is presented. The phenotype was corresponded to female with normal external genitalia. By transrectal ultrasound, there were hypoplastic ovaries and aplasia of uterine horns. Chromosome analysis was accomplished on blood samples using conventional, and G-banding techniques and confirmed by PCR and hormonal analysis. Although the karyotype (2n = 64, XY) revealed a typical male arrangement, it was SRY gene negative and amelogenin gene positive for X and Y chromosome. Hormonal analysis showed slight estrogenic activity of the ovary, but low progesterone and anti-mullerian hormones levels. In conclusion, this case of sex reversal mare (SRY-negative 64, XY) was recorded using cytogenetic, genetic, and hormonal analysis. Cytogenetics and molecular screening could be used as a fast approach for reproductive disorders evaluation in equine to save money, effort, and time of breeders.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Egg Yolk Substitution with Nano-L-α phosphatidylcholine on Sperm Kinetics, Lipid Peroxidation, and Antioxidant Activity of Cryopreserved Buffalo Bull Spermatozoa

Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 2024

This study aimed to examine how varying concentrations (0.5 %, 1.0 %, 2.0 %, 3.0 %, and 4.0 %) of... more This study aimed to examine how varying concentrations (0.5 %, 1.0 %, 2.0 %, 3.0 %, and 4.0 %) of nano-L-α phosphatidylcholine (nano-L-α-PC) affected the quality of frozen-thawed buffalo bull semen compared to the same concentrations of L-α phosphatidylcholine (L-α-PC), and egg yolk (EY). Ejaculates (n=72) were collected from fertile buffalo bulls (n= 12) for 6 weeks. The ejaculates were pooled and divided into 11 groups (3 aliquots per each group) extended with 20% EY (Group1 without supplement), 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% nano-L-α-PC (Groups 2-6), and 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% L-α-PC (Groups 7-11) in Tris buffer. After cryopreservation procedures, semen samples were thawed at 37 °C and evaluated for sperm kinematics, acrosome, plasma membrane, and DNA integrities. The seminal plasma was analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reduced (GSH), and catalase (CAT) enzymes activities. Results demonstrated that semen extended with 1-3% nano-L-α-PC or 1-4% L-α-PC showed high total motility, whereas at 0.5–4% of nano-L-α-PC and L-α-PC showed high progressive motility. Significant (P< 0.05) Wobble were seen at 0.5, 1, and 3% nano-L-α-PC, and distance average path and Velocity average path at 2% L-α-PC. Acrosome and plasma membrane integrities were markedly elevated (P< 0.0001) at 2% nano-L-α-PC and 4% L-α-PC. High DNA integrity metrics were noticed at 0.5–1% nano-L-α-PC, as well as 3% and 4% L-α-PC. Low MDA levels and high SOD, GSH, and CAT activities were recorded at 2% nano-L-α-PC and 4% L-α-PC. In conclusion, the optimum concentration of nano-L-α-PC that improved semen quality was 2%, which is roughly equivalent to the effect of 4% L-α-PC.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of vaccination time relative to heifers’ synchronization on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus antibody and stress markers responses

Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024

Objective: To characterize the influence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccination ... more Objective:
To characterize the influence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccination time regarding the start of estrus synchronization on antibody titer, inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in Holstein heifers.
Methods:
Twenty-four heifers (12.5 to 14.0 months old) were allocated into two experiments with 12 heifers in each, according to history of bovine herpesvirus (BoHV-1) vaccination (naive and booster vaccinated). Heifers in each experiment were assigned to Pre-synch, In-synch and control groups. Pre-synch and Insynch groups received IBR vaccine on Day -3 and Day 5 of estrus synchronization start, respectively. Control animals remained unvaccinated but synchronized. Blood samples collected on Day 0 (day of vaccination), 7, 14 and 46 and assayed for IBR antibody titer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).
Results:
The experiments showed invariably high BoHV-1 antibody titer after vaccination with live attenuated gE deleted vaccine or polyvalent vaccines containing chemically altered BoHV-1 in all vaccinated-synchronized animals compared to the control from Day 0 to Day 46 in naive heifers, and from Day 7 to 46 in booster vaccinated animals. In booster vaccinated animals, CRP was low in Pre-synch group on Day 7 (P<0.05), and both synchronized groups on Day 14 and 46. TAC levels of Pre-synch and In-synch naive heifers, and pre-synch booster heifers were lower than its control group on Day 0, and in naive vaccinated In-synch group than booster In-synch on Day 7 (P<0.05).
Conclusions:
The timing of estrus synchronization related to vaccination did not alter BoHV-1 antibody levels but affected CRP and TAC which make the animals liable for pathogen invasion and/or oxidative stress during the post-vaccinal period.

Research paper thumbnail of Histomorphometry aspect of thyroid gland and biochemical profile in pregnant and non-pregnant dromedary camels

African Journal of Biotechnology, Mar 9, 2016

Modulation of body physiology and metabolism is a prerequisite for successful pregnancy in camels... more Modulation of body physiology and metabolism is a prerequisite for successful pregnancy in camels, which is about a year and few months. The present study was carried out to verify the effect of pregnancy on histomorphometry and functional traits of thyroid gland, as well as some biochemical indices of liver and kidney functions and mineral profile in one humped camels, under Egyptian climatic conditions or desert conditions. The thyroid tissues were fixed in 10% formalin solution and processed following routine histological techniques after gross examination and biometric assessment. Serum levels of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxineand thyroid stimulating hormone), serum blood metabolites (total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine), liver enzymatic activity (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), and minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus) were estimated in pregnant (n=30) and non-pregnant (n=30) camels. There were no significant differences between the right and left thyroid lobes between pregnant and non-pregnant camel. Pregnant status in camels had insignificant influence on histological and functional traits of thyroid as well as serum blood metabolites, liver enzymes and minerals levels, as compared with non-pregnant animals during the first six months of pregnancy. Therefore, reproductive status (during early pregnancy) has no substantial effect on camel physiological mechanisms or metabolic activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of semen characteristics, oxidative stress, and biochemical indices in Arabian horses of different ages during the hot summer season

PubMed, 2018

Egypt is anticipated to be potentially influenced by the global climate warming. Therefore, the c... more Egypt is anticipated to be potentially influenced by the global climate warming. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the influence of age on the fertility potential of Arabian stallions during summer breeding months. Arabian horses grouped according to their age into three groups, each involved six stallions: young (5-6 years), middle (11-12 years) and old (15-20 years) age groups, were weekly sampled during the months of July-August. Ejaculates were collected using artificial vagina, Missouri model, and examined for pH, volume, concentration, motility, livability and morphological abnormalities. Serum samples were harvested and assessed for testosterone, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid profile, and copper and zinc levels. Semen pH (P<0.005), spermatozoa motility (P=0.08), sperm morphology (P<0.001), tail abnormalities (P<0.001), and sperm count per ejaculate differed noticeably between stallions' groups. Testosterone (P=0.07) and TAC (P<0.05) concentrations were markedly affected by stallions' age. Cholesterol correlated negatively with sperm normality, but serum copper and zinc levels correlated positively with semen volume, sperm cell count and spermatozoa livability. These results revealed that the fertility of stallions is age-dependent and is prominently influenced by lipid metabolism and oxidative stress during hot summer breeding season. It is highly advisable to provide animals' house (along with feed and drinking water) with the evaporative cooling system and allow morning or late afternoon outdoor activity to bypass the summer hot climates and sustain stallions' fertility.

Research paper thumbnail of Secretion of Inhibin in Male Japanese Quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>) from One Week of Age to Sexual Maturity

Journal of Reproduction and Development, 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in secretion of inhibin and cellular l... more The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in secretion of inhibin and cellular localization of the inhibin α and inhibin/activin (βA and βB) subunits in male Japanese quail from 1 to 7 weeks after hatching. The posthatch profile of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), immunoreactive (ir) inhibin and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. Testes were immunostained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method (ABC) using polyclonal antisera raised against inhibin α, inhibin/activin βA and inhibin/activin βB from one week of age to sexual maturity. Testicular weight increased gradually until 4 weeks and abruptly increased from 5 weeks of age onwards. The plasma concentrations of LH and ir-inhibin increased significantly at 5 weeks of age, and the plasma concentration of testosterone increased significantly at 6 weeks of age. Pituitary contents of LH showed a steady increase until 6 weeks of age and then abruptly increased at 7 weeks of age. Coincident to the increase in plasma testosterone, the testicular contents of testosterone significantly increased from 5 weeks through sexual maturity. Immunohistochemically, localization of the inhibin/activin α, βA and βB subunts was found in the Sertoli and Leydig cells at all ages of development from one week of age to sexual maturity. These results suggest that Sertoli and Leydig cells are the major source of inhibin secretion during development in male Japanese quail.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of reproductive status on body condition score, progesterone concentration and trace minerals in sheep and goats reared in South Sinai, Egypt

African Journal of Biotechnology, 2015

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of reproductive stage on nutritional status, and hormon... more This study aimed at evaluating the effect of reproductive stage on nutritional status, and hormonal and trace mineral levels in sheep and goats reared in harsh arid conditions in South Sinai, Egypt. Egyptian local breeds of sheep (n=74) and goats (n=58) raised in South Sinai were examined by means of transabdominal ultrasonography to verify single vs. multiple feti pregnancy or non-pregnant status. Serum samples were collected for assessment of progesterone and trace minerals (selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe)) levels. Evaluation of the nutritional status of animal flocks showed that the mean body condition score was below the average levels, but did vary noticeably with pregnancy or between sheep and goats. Serum progesterone concentrations were significantly higher in pregnant animals with multiple fetuses than those bearing single fetus (p < 0.01), and both were higher than the respective values in non-pregnant animals (p < 0.001). Serum trace mineral leve...

Research paper thumbnail of Morphological Comparison in Spermatozoa from Italian and Egyptian Buffalo Bulls, and their IVF Outcome

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2021

I talian frozen semen gained high popularity in the Egyptian market for the enhancement of farm a... more I talian frozen semen gained high popularity in the Egyptian market for the enhancement of farm animal productivity (especially milk yield), and genetic improvement. The Italian buffaloes show a kind of "purity", result of obvious morphological and functional differentiation. The fertility of Italian frozen-thawed semen is better than that of the Egyptian breed and the reason for that variation is still elusive. Various laboratory diagnostic tests are adopted for the evaluation of the bull breeding potency and soundness, such as a conventional semen picture, zonapellucida binding test,

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasound characterization of ovarian activity in ewes and does under egyptian conditions

Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The), 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of cysteamine supplementation on cryopreserved buffalo bull semen quality parameters

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring Roles of Diagnostic Ultrasonography in Veterinary Medicine

Frontier Media SA eBooks, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial: Exploring roles of diagnostic ultrasonography in veterinary medicine

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Nov 18, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of cysteamine during in vitro maturation on viability and meiotic competence of vitrified buffalo oocytes

Iranian journal of veterinary research, 2016

The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of cysteamine as an anti-oxidant on the ... more The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of cysteamine as an anti-oxidant on the rate of in vitro maturation (IVM) of buffalo oocytes (experiment 1), and their viability and nuclear status following vitrification (experiment 2). Immature oocytes with compact cumulus cells obtained from the ovaries of slaughtered animals were harvested and then cultured in the maturation medium with no cysteamine (control) or 50 μM cysteamine (treated). Oocytes were vitrified in vitrification solution 1 (VS1): 1.5 M ethylene glycol (EG) + 1.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 45 s (step one). After this initial exposure, oocytes were transferred to VS2: 3 M EG + 3 M DMSO in a holding medium for 25 s (step two). After warming, oocytes were evaluated morphologically and then cultured for a further 2 h in the cysteamine-supplemented or control maturation media. The oocytes were evaluated morphologically, stained with trypan blue for viability evaluation. The maturation rate of oocytes was ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Efficacy of Ovsynch and Heatsynch Protocols Assessed by Transrectal Ultrasonography and Serum Progesterone in Egyptian Buffalo Heifers

Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of Reproduction in all Animals, 2012

To evaluate the comparative efficacy of Ovsynch and Heatsynch protocols with respect to ovarian r... more To evaluate the comparative efficacy of Ovsynch and Heatsynch protocols with respect to ovarian response, estrus, pregnancy rate and progesterone concentrations, 29 cyclic buffalo heifers were assigned randomly to one of four treatments: G-P-G treatment (n=8) received two GnRH doses, one seven days before and the other two days after a single dose of PGF2a; G-P-EB1 treatment (n=8) was given estradiol benzoate (EB) one day after PGF2a treatment instead of the second GnRH dose; G-P-EB2 (n=8) and G-P-ECP (n=5) treatments received EB or estradiol cypionate instead of second GnRH in G-P-G protocol, respectively. Ovarian ultrasonography and expression of estrus signs were monitored twice daily until the fifth day after the last hormone dose. Our findings indicated a more obvious estrus response to estradiol than the second GnRH dose. The longer estrus duration observed in response to estradiol (32 to 34 h) could provide more time for estrus detection and insemination in these animals. The...

Research paper thumbnail of Interrelationship between milk constituents, serum oestradiol and vaginal mucus indicators of oestrus in Egyptian buffaloes

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2013

The intensity of heat signs in buffaloes is generally low and the incidence of suboestrus varied ... more The intensity of heat signs in buffaloes is generally low and the incidence of suboestrus varied from 15 to 73% (Buffalopedia). The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of monitoring the changes in some milk constituents, oestradiol levels and electrical conductivity of vaginal mucus during peri-oestrous period in prediction of the timing of oestrus in buffaloes. Twenty-one Egyptian buffaloes aged 3-9 year, 1st-6th lactations, were examined by oestrous detector and ultrasonographically for monitoring the ovarian and uterine activity for 7 days around the time of standing oestrus. Sodium, potassium, chloride and lactose were assayed in aqueous phase of milk; besides, oestradiol was estimated in serum. Current results declared highly significant acute changes in milk constituents at the time of oestrus characterized by peaking of chloride and sodium levels and lowering of potassium and lactose values. The alternation in milk composition when arranged in decreasing order of magnitude, sodium was the highest (77.78 ± 0.69%), followed by chloride (61.60 ± 1.52%) and potassium (-58.14 ± 10.89%). Concomitantly, milk lactose decreased by 26.07 ± 7.97% compared to baseline levels. Synchronously, vaginal electrical resistance (VER) showed a significant (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01) decrease, but serum oestradiol 17β levels surged (59.93 ± 7.29 pg/ml) on day of oestrus. Serum oestradiol level was negatively correlated with VER (r = -0.577), potassium (r = -0.661), positively correlated with chloride (r = 0.707) and sodium (r = 0.579) and not correlated with lactose levels. These results for the first time suggested that the changes in constituents of milk during peri-oestrous period may be used as a practical non-invasive indicator for oestrous detection and prediction of ovulation in Egyptian buffaloes.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Spirulina platensis and Azolla nilotica as feed additives on growth performance, antioxidant enzymes and fecundity of Oreochromis niloticus

Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 2021

This study was conducted in two experiments. Experiment 1 aimed to investigate the growth promoti... more This study was conducted in two experiments. Experiment 1 aimed to investigate the growth promoting and anti-oxidative effects of Azolla nilotica (AZN) and Spirulina platensis (SP) in Oreochromis niloticus. Seven fish groups (G1-G7), each in three replicates, were fed a basal diet (control), AZN 5%, AZN 10%, SP 0.5%, SP 1%, a mixture of Azolla nilotica 5% and Spirulina platensis 1% (AZN 5 %-SP 1% mix), and a mixture of Azolla nilotica 10% and Spirulina platensis 1% (AZN 10% SP 1% mix), respectively, for 3 months. The results showed a significant increase in growth indices (weight gain, specific growth rate, average length gain, feed efficiency ratio), and a decrease in the feed conversion ratio in all supplemented groups compared to control. Hepato-somatic index in G4 and G5 groups, and intestinal-somatic index in G4 G6, and in G5 and G6 were obviously higher than control. Spleno-somatic index and antioxidant enzymes (GSH-px, SOD and CAT) markedly increased in G5 and G6 compared to ...

Research paper thumbnail of The protective potential of ginseng on ciprofloxacin-induced male gonadotoxicity

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

Drug-induced infertility is an important etiology and a common side effect. It is, therefore, imp... more Drug-induced infertility is an important etiology and a common side effect. It is, therefore, important to develop newer pharmacological approaches to vanquish this bad effect. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the possible protective potential of ginseng against ciprofloxacin-induced male gonadotoxicity. Sixty adult Wister albino male rats (8 weeks old, 200 ± 20gm) were randomly divided into six groups of tens. Groups 1 and 2 received 78.23 and 156.46mg/kg/day of ciprofloxacin, respectively. Groups 3, 4 and 5 received 156.46 mg/kg/day of ciprofloxacin plus 100 mg/kg/day ginseng, 200mg/kg/day ginseng, and 100 mg/kg/day vitamin E, respectively. However, the sixth group served as control and received NS and CMC. All treatment given orally for 14 days. Half of the animals of each group has been sacrificed on the day 15, while the second half was sacrificed on the day 60 from the start of the treatment, after blood sampling. Immediately after dissection, testis, epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicle were removed and weighted. Reproductive organ weights were decreased, sperm parameters were impaired and FSH and LH levels were increased in groups 1 and 2 but still normal in groups 3, 4 and 5 on the two sacrifice days. Testosterone level was significantly decreased in groups 1 and 2. However, higher levels were shown with low and high doses of ginseng treatment. Adding ginseng or vitamin E could protect against ciprofloxacin-induced infertility in the two sacrifice days.

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonography and computer-assisted assessment of postpartum uterine echotexture and its relationship with peripheral oxidative stress biomarkers in goats

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonographic and Gross Anatomical Approaches to Characterize Superficial Lymph Nodes in Donkey (Equus Asinus)

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

This study aimed to describe the ultrasonographic (dimensions and echogenicity), anatomical and h... more This study aimed to describe the ultrasonographic (dimensions and echogenicity), anatomical and histological features of superficial lymph nodes (LN) (mandibular, superficial cervical, subiliac, scrotal, and supramammary) in donkeys. Twenty-four donkeys (3-6 years old and 120-180 kg BW) were examined ultrasonographically for characterization of LN which were dissected and processed for histological examination. Data showed that mandibular LN, located between mandibular rami along each side of omohyoid muscles, ultrasonographically appeared as long-lobulated structures with clear anechoic lobules and hyperechoic interlobular trabeculae. Superficial cervical LN, located at 5 cm dorsal to the shoulder joint at the caudal end of the jugular vein, ultrasonographically appeared as a quadrilateral to oval multi-lobulated structure with hypoechoic lobules interspersed with fine interlobular echogenic trabeculae and delineated by a thick distinct echogenic capsule. Subiliac LN, located at the midway between the patella and coxal tuber, ultrasonographically appeared as an oval wholly anechoic structure with a fine central hypoechoic septum delineated by a thick hyperechoic capsule. Scrotal LN, located at the level of the superficial inguinal ring either cranial or caudal to the spermatic cord, ultrasonographically appeared as a small ovoid to rounded shaped structure with an entire anechoic content. Supramammary LN, localized on the lateral border of the udder base at the superficial inguinal ring, ultrasonographically appeared as a rectangular to ovoid structure with an entire anechoic content. In conclusion, the present data set a preliminary descriptive reference for normal ultrasonographic imaging as well as the topographical anatomy for adult donkeys' superficial LNs.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of IBR vaccination timing on ovarian and uterine statuses and circulating progesterone and estradiol 17β in synchronized crossbreed heifers

Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 2024

To declare the interaction between IBR vaccination and the synchronization protocol, dairy heifer... more To declare the interaction between IBR vaccination and the synchronization protocol, dairy heifers (n= 24), 12.5-14.0 months old, were equally and randomly assigned according to the timing of vaccination into pre-synch group (vaccinated 3 days before synchronization), in-synch group (vaccinated five days after the start of the synchronization), and control (given sterile water same as treated groups). Ovarian and uterine ultrasound examinations were done on Day -3, 5, 8, 19 and 43. Blood samples were collected for measuring estradiol and progesterone levels after vaccination. The effect of IBR vaccination on ovarian activity appeared on Day 5 (P= 0.07) through decrease in the mean diameter of the growing follicles in pre-synch group compared to in-synch group, and on Day 8 through reduction of the total and growing follicular numbers (P= 0.05 and 0.03, respectively) in in-synch group compared to other groups. Estradiol levels were significantly (P=0.03) higher on day 8 (day of insemination) in the pre-synch group than the other groups. The uterine changes were characterized by a significant decrease in uterine diameters on Day 5 in the pre-synch group compared with control. The ventral uterine diameter in-synch group decreased on Day 5 (P= 0.015) and re-increased on Day 8 (P= 0.007 compared to control group. In conclusion, administration of IBR vaccination prior to synchronization may possess some impacts on the ovarian and uterine activities without major adverse reactions on reproduction. Therefore, vaccination timing is recommended to be at least three days away from the beginning of the synchronization protocol.

Research paper thumbnail of A case of sterility associated with SRY-negative 64, XY in Egyptian Arabian mare: cytogenetics, molecular and hormonal analyses

Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 2024

Inherited disorders are one of the reasons of infertility and economic losses for the equine indu... more Inherited disorders are one of the reasons of infertility and economic losses for the equine industry. The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities is rising due to the use of sex chromosome linked molecular markers. Here, a rare sterile five-year-old Arabian mare with XY male chromosomes is presented. The phenotype was corresponded to female with normal external genitalia. By transrectal ultrasound, there were hypoplastic ovaries and aplasia of uterine horns. Chromosome analysis was accomplished on blood samples using conventional, and G-banding techniques and confirmed by PCR and hormonal analysis. Although the karyotype (2n = 64, XY) revealed a typical male arrangement, it was SRY gene negative and amelogenin gene positive for X and Y chromosome. Hormonal analysis showed slight estrogenic activity of the ovary, but low progesterone and anti-mullerian hormones levels. In conclusion, this case of sex reversal mare (SRY-negative 64, XY) was recorded using cytogenetic, genetic, and hormonal analysis. Cytogenetics and molecular screening could be used as a fast approach for reproductive disorders evaluation in equine to save money, effort, and time of breeders.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Egg Yolk Substitution with Nano-L-α phosphatidylcholine on Sperm Kinetics, Lipid Peroxidation, and Antioxidant Activity of Cryopreserved Buffalo Bull Spermatozoa

Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 2024

This study aimed to examine how varying concentrations (0.5 %, 1.0 %, 2.0 %, 3.0 %, and 4.0 %) of... more This study aimed to examine how varying concentrations (0.5 %, 1.0 %, 2.0 %, 3.0 %, and 4.0 %) of nano-L-α phosphatidylcholine (nano-L-α-PC) affected the quality of frozen-thawed buffalo bull semen compared to the same concentrations of L-α phosphatidylcholine (L-α-PC), and egg yolk (EY). Ejaculates (n=72) were collected from fertile buffalo bulls (n= 12) for 6 weeks. The ejaculates were pooled and divided into 11 groups (3 aliquots per each group) extended with 20% EY (Group1 without supplement), 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% nano-L-α-PC (Groups 2-6), and 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% L-α-PC (Groups 7-11) in Tris buffer. After cryopreservation procedures, semen samples were thawed at 37 °C and evaluated for sperm kinematics, acrosome, plasma membrane, and DNA integrities. The seminal plasma was analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reduced (GSH), and catalase (CAT) enzymes activities. Results demonstrated that semen extended with 1-3% nano-L-α-PC or 1-4% L-α-PC showed high total motility, whereas at 0.5–4% of nano-L-α-PC and L-α-PC showed high progressive motility. Significant (P< 0.05) Wobble were seen at 0.5, 1, and 3% nano-L-α-PC, and distance average path and Velocity average path at 2% L-α-PC. Acrosome and plasma membrane integrities were markedly elevated (P< 0.0001) at 2% nano-L-α-PC and 4% L-α-PC. High DNA integrity metrics were noticed at 0.5–1% nano-L-α-PC, as well as 3% and 4% L-α-PC. Low MDA levels and high SOD, GSH, and CAT activities were recorded at 2% nano-L-α-PC and 4% L-α-PC. In conclusion, the optimum concentration of nano-L-α-PC that improved semen quality was 2%, which is roughly equivalent to the effect of 4% L-α-PC.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of vaccination time relative to heifers’ synchronization on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus antibody and stress markers responses

Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024

Objective: To characterize the influence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccination ... more Objective:
To characterize the influence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccination time regarding the start of estrus synchronization on antibody titer, inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in Holstein heifers.
Methods:
Twenty-four heifers (12.5 to 14.0 months old) were allocated into two experiments with 12 heifers in each, according to history of bovine herpesvirus (BoHV-1) vaccination (naive and booster vaccinated). Heifers in each experiment were assigned to Pre-synch, In-synch and control groups. Pre-synch and Insynch groups received IBR vaccine on Day -3 and Day 5 of estrus synchronization start, respectively. Control animals remained unvaccinated but synchronized. Blood samples collected on Day 0 (day of vaccination), 7, 14 and 46 and assayed for IBR antibody titer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).
Results:
The experiments showed invariably high BoHV-1 antibody titer after vaccination with live attenuated gE deleted vaccine or polyvalent vaccines containing chemically altered BoHV-1 in all vaccinated-synchronized animals compared to the control from Day 0 to Day 46 in naive heifers, and from Day 7 to 46 in booster vaccinated animals. In booster vaccinated animals, CRP was low in Pre-synch group on Day 7 (P<0.05), and both synchronized groups on Day 14 and 46. TAC levels of Pre-synch and In-synch naive heifers, and pre-synch booster heifers were lower than its control group on Day 0, and in naive vaccinated In-synch group than booster In-synch on Day 7 (P<0.05).
Conclusions:
The timing of estrus synchronization related to vaccination did not alter BoHV-1 antibody levels but affected CRP and TAC which make the animals liable for pathogen invasion and/or oxidative stress during the post-vaccinal period.

Research paper thumbnail of Histomorphometry aspect of thyroid gland and biochemical profile in pregnant and non-pregnant dromedary camels

African Journal of Biotechnology, Mar 9, 2016

Modulation of body physiology and metabolism is a prerequisite for successful pregnancy in camels... more Modulation of body physiology and metabolism is a prerequisite for successful pregnancy in camels, which is about a year and few months. The present study was carried out to verify the effect of pregnancy on histomorphometry and functional traits of thyroid gland, as well as some biochemical indices of liver and kidney functions and mineral profile in one humped camels, under Egyptian climatic conditions or desert conditions. The thyroid tissues were fixed in 10% formalin solution and processed following routine histological techniques after gross examination and biometric assessment. Serum levels of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxineand thyroid stimulating hormone), serum blood metabolites (total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine), liver enzymatic activity (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), and minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus) were estimated in pregnant (n=30) and non-pregnant (n=30) camels. There were no significant differences between the right and left thyroid lobes between pregnant and non-pregnant camel. Pregnant status in camels had insignificant influence on histological and functional traits of thyroid as well as serum blood metabolites, liver enzymes and minerals levels, as compared with non-pregnant animals during the first six months of pregnancy. Therefore, reproductive status (during early pregnancy) has no substantial effect on camel physiological mechanisms or metabolic activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of semen characteristics, oxidative stress, and biochemical indices in Arabian horses of different ages during the hot summer season

PubMed, 2018

Egypt is anticipated to be potentially influenced by the global climate warming. Therefore, the c... more Egypt is anticipated to be potentially influenced by the global climate warming. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the influence of age on the fertility potential of Arabian stallions during summer breeding months. Arabian horses grouped according to their age into three groups, each involved six stallions: young (5-6 years), middle (11-12 years) and old (15-20 years) age groups, were weekly sampled during the months of July-August. Ejaculates were collected using artificial vagina, Missouri model, and examined for pH, volume, concentration, motility, livability and morphological abnormalities. Serum samples were harvested and assessed for testosterone, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid profile, and copper and zinc levels. Semen pH (P<0.005), spermatozoa motility (P=0.08), sperm morphology (P<0.001), tail abnormalities (P<0.001), and sperm count per ejaculate differed noticeably between stallions' groups. Testosterone (P=0.07) and TAC (P<0.05) concentrations were markedly affected by stallions' age. Cholesterol correlated negatively with sperm normality, but serum copper and zinc levels correlated positively with semen volume, sperm cell count and spermatozoa livability. These results revealed that the fertility of stallions is age-dependent and is prominently influenced by lipid metabolism and oxidative stress during hot summer breeding season. It is highly advisable to provide animals' house (along with feed and drinking water) with the evaporative cooling system and allow morning or late afternoon outdoor activity to bypass the summer hot climates and sustain stallions' fertility.

Research paper thumbnail of Secretion of Inhibin in Male Japanese Quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>) from One Week of Age to Sexual Maturity

Journal of Reproduction and Development, 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in secretion of inhibin and cellular l... more The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in secretion of inhibin and cellular localization of the inhibin α and inhibin/activin (βA and βB) subunits in male Japanese quail from 1 to 7 weeks after hatching. The posthatch profile of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), immunoreactive (ir) inhibin and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. Testes were immunostained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method (ABC) using polyclonal antisera raised against inhibin α, inhibin/activin βA and inhibin/activin βB from one week of age to sexual maturity. Testicular weight increased gradually until 4 weeks and abruptly increased from 5 weeks of age onwards. The plasma concentrations of LH and ir-inhibin increased significantly at 5 weeks of age, and the plasma concentration of testosterone increased significantly at 6 weeks of age. Pituitary contents of LH showed a steady increase until 6 weeks of age and then abruptly increased at 7 weeks of age. Coincident to the increase in plasma testosterone, the testicular contents of testosterone significantly increased from 5 weeks through sexual maturity. Immunohistochemically, localization of the inhibin/activin α, βA and βB subunts was found in the Sertoli and Leydig cells at all ages of development from one week of age to sexual maturity. These results suggest that Sertoli and Leydig cells are the major source of inhibin secretion during development in male Japanese quail.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of reproductive status on body condition score, progesterone concentration and trace minerals in sheep and goats reared in South Sinai, Egypt

African Journal of Biotechnology, 2015

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of reproductive stage on nutritional status, and hormon... more This study aimed at evaluating the effect of reproductive stage on nutritional status, and hormonal and trace mineral levels in sheep and goats reared in harsh arid conditions in South Sinai, Egypt. Egyptian local breeds of sheep (n=74) and goats (n=58) raised in South Sinai were examined by means of transabdominal ultrasonography to verify single vs. multiple feti pregnancy or non-pregnant status. Serum samples were collected for assessment of progesterone and trace minerals (selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe)) levels. Evaluation of the nutritional status of animal flocks showed that the mean body condition score was below the average levels, but did vary noticeably with pregnancy or between sheep and goats. Serum progesterone concentrations were significantly higher in pregnant animals with multiple fetuses than those bearing single fetus (p < 0.01), and both were higher than the respective values in non-pregnant animals (p < 0.001). Serum trace mineral leve...

Research paper thumbnail of Morphological Comparison in Spermatozoa from Italian and Egyptian Buffalo Bulls, and their IVF Outcome

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2021

I talian frozen semen gained high popularity in the Egyptian market for the enhancement of farm a... more I talian frozen semen gained high popularity in the Egyptian market for the enhancement of farm animal productivity (especially milk yield), and genetic improvement. The Italian buffaloes show a kind of "purity", result of obvious morphological and functional differentiation. The fertility of Italian frozen-thawed semen is better than that of the Egyptian breed and the reason for that variation is still elusive. Various laboratory diagnostic tests are adopted for the evaluation of the bull breeding potency and soundness, such as a conventional semen picture, zonapellucida binding test,

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasound characterization of ovarian activity in ewes and does under egyptian conditions

Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The), 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of cysteamine supplementation on cryopreserved buffalo bull semen quality parameters

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring Roles of Diagnostic Ultrasonography in Veterinary Medicine

Frontier Media SA eBooks, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial: Exploring roles of diagnostic ultrasonography in veterinary medicine

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Nov 18, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of cysteamine during in vitro maturation on viability and meiotic competence of vitrified buffalo oocytes

Iranian journal of veterinary research, 2016

The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of cysteamine as an anti-oxidant on the ... more The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of cysteamine as an anti-oxidant on the rate of in vitro maturation (IVM) of buffalo oocytes (experiment 1), and their viability and nuclear status following vitrification (experiment 2). Immature oocytes with compact cumulus cells obtained from the ovaries of slaughtered animals were harvested and then cultured in the maturation medium with no cysteamine (control) or 50 μM cysteamine (treated). Oocytes were vitrified in vitrification solution 1 (VS1): 1.5 M ethylene glycol (EG) + 1.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 45 s (step one). After this initial exposure, oocytes were transferred to VS2: 3 M EG + 3 M DMSO in a holding medium for 25 s (step two). After warming, oocytes were evaluated morphologically and then cultured for a further 2 h in the cysteamine-supplemented or control maturation media. The oocytes were evaluated morphologically, stained with trypan blue for viability evaluation. The maturation rate of oocytes was ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Efficacy of Ovsynch and Heatsynch Protocols Assessed by Transrectal Ultrasonography and Serum Progesterone in Egyptian Buffalo Heifers

Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of Reproduction in all Animals, 2012

To evaluate the comparative efficacy of Ovsynch and Heatsynch protocols with respect to ovarian r... more To evaluate the comparative efficacy of Ovsynch and Heatsynch protocols with respect to ovarian response, estrus, pregnancy rate and progesterone concentrations, 29 cyclic buffalo heifers were assigned randomly to one of four treatments: G-P-G treatment (n=8) received two GnRH doses, one seven days before and the other two days after a single dose of PGF2a; G-P-EB1 treatment (n=8) was given estradiol benzoate (EB) one day after PGF2a treatment instead of the second GnRH dose; G-P-EB2 (n=8) and G-P-ECP (n=5) treatments received EB or estradiol cypionate instead of second GnRH in G-P-G protocol, respectively. Ovarian ultrasonography and expression of estrus signs were monitored twice daily until the fifth day after the last hormone dose. Our findings indicated a more obvious estrus response to estradiol than the second GnRH dose. The longer estrus duration observed in response to estradiol (32 to 34 h) could provide more time for estrus detection and insemination in these animals. The...

Research paper thumbnail of Interrelationship between milk constituents, serum oestradiol and vaginal mucus indicators of oestrus in Egyptian buffaloes

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2013

The intensity of heat signs in buffaloes is generally low and the incidence of suboestrus varied ... more The intensity of heat signs in buffaloes is generally low and the incidence of suboestrus varied from 15 to 73% (Buffalopedia). The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of monitoring the changes in some milk constituents, oestradiol levels and electrical conductivity of vaginal mucus during peri-oestrous period in prediction of the timing of oestrus in buffaloes. Twenty-one Egyptian buffaloes aged 3-9 year, 1st-6th lactations, were examined by oestrous detector and ultrasonographically for monitoring the ovarian and uterine activity for 7 days around the time of standing oestrus. Sodium, potassium, chloride and lactose were assayed in aqueous phase of milk; besides, oestradiol was estimated in serum. Current results declared highly significant acute changes in milk constituents at the time of oestrus characterized by peaking of chloride and sodium levels and lowering of potassium and lactose values. The alternation in milk composition when arranged in decreasing order of magnitude, sodium was the highest (77.78 ± 0.69%), followed by chloride (61.60 ± 1.52%) and potassium (-58.14 ± 10.89%). Concomitantly, milk lactose decreased by 26.07 ± 7.97% compared to baseline levels. Synchronously, vaginal electrical resistance (VER) showed a significant (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01) decrease, but serum oestradiol 17β levels surged (59.93 ± 7.29 pg/ml) on day of oestrus. Serum oestradiol level was negatively correlated with VER (r = -0.577), potassium (r = -0.661), positively correlated with chloride (r = 0.707) and sodium (r = 0.579) and not correlated with lactose levels. These results for the first time suggested that the changes in constituents of milk during peri-oestrous period may be used as a practical non-invasive indicator for oestrous detection and prediction of ovulation in Egyptian buffaloes.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Spirulina platensis and Azolla nilotica as feed additives on growth performance, antioxidant enzymes and fecundity of Oreochromis niloticus

Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 2021

This study was conducted in two experiments. Experiment 1 aimed to investigate the growth promoti... more This study was conducted in two experiments. Experiment 1 aimed to investigate the growth promoting and anti-oxidative effects of Azolla nilotica (AZN) and Spirulina platensis (SP) in Oreochromis niloticus. Seven fish groups (G1-G7), each in three replicates, were fed a basal diet (control), AZN 5%, AZN 10%, SP 0.5%, SP 1%, a mixture of Azolla nilotica 5% and Spirulina platensis 1% (AZN 5 %-SP 1% mix), and a mixture of Azolla nilotica 10% and Spirulina platensis 1% (AZN 10% SP 1% mix), respectively, for 3 months. The results showed a significant increase in growth indices (weight gain, specific growth rate, average length gain, feed efficiency ratio), and a decrease in the feed conversion ratio in all supplemented groups compared to control. Hepato-somatic index in G4 and G5 groups, and intestinal-somatic index in G4 G6, and in G5 and G6 were obviously higher than control. Spleno-somatic index and antioxidant enzymes (GSH-px, SOD and CAT) markedly increased in G5 and G6 compared to ...

Research paper thumbnail of The protective potential of ginseng on ciprofloxacin-induced male gonadotoxicity

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

Drug-induced infertility is an important etiology and a common side effect. It is, therefore, imp... more Drug-induced infertility is an important etiology and a common side effect. It is, therefore, important to develop newer pharmacological approaches to vanquish this bad effect. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the possible protective potential of ginseng against ciprofloxacin-induced male gonadotoxicity. Sixty adult Wister albino male rats (8 weeks old, 200 ± 20gm) were randomly divided into six groups of tens. Groups 1 and 2 received 78.23 and 156.46mg/kg/day of ciprofloxacin, respectively. Groups 3, 4 and 5 received 156.46 mg/kg/day of ciprofloxacin plus 100 mg/kg/day ginseng, 200mg/kg/day ginseng, and 100 mg/kg/day vitamin E, respectively. However, the sixth group served as control and received NS and CMC. All treatment given orally for 14 days. Half of the animals of each group has been sacrificed on the day 15, while the second half was sacrificed on the day 60 from the start of the treatment, after blood sampling. Immediately after dissection, testis, epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicle were removed and weighted. Reproductive organ weights were decreased, sperm parameters were impaired and FSH and LH levels were increased in groups 1 and 2 but still normal in groups 3, 4 and 5 on the two sacrifice days. Testosterone level was significantly decreased in groups 1 and 2. However, higher levels were shown with low and high doses of ginseng treatment. Adding ginseng or vitamin E could protect against ciprofloxacin-induced infertility in the two sacrifice days.

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonography and computer-assisted assessment of postpartum uterine echotexture and its relationship with peripheral oxidative stress biomarkers in goats

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonographic and Gross Anatomical Approaches to Characterize Superficial Lymph Nodes in Donkey (Equus Asinus)

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

This study aimed to describe the ultrasonographic (dimensions and echogenicity), anatomical and h... more This study aimed to describe the ultrasonographic (dimensions and echogenicity), anatomical and histological features of superficial lymph nodes (LN) (mandibular, superficial cervical, subiliac, scrotal, and supramammary) in donkeys. Twenty-four donkeys (3-6 years old and 120-180 kg BW) were examined ultrasonographically for characterization of LN which were dissected and processed for histological examination. Data showed that mandibular LN, located between mandibular rami along each side of omohyoid muscles, ultrasonographically appeared as long-lobulated structures with clear anechoic lobules and hyperechoic interlobular trabeculae. Superficial cervical LN, located at 5 cm dorsal to the shoulder joint at the caudal end of the jugular vein, ultrasonographically appeared as a quadrilateral to oval multi-lobulated structure with hypoechoic lobules interspersed with fine interlobular echogenic trabeculae and delineated by a thick distinct echogenic capsule. Subiliac LN, located at the midway between the patella and coxal tuber, ultrasonographically appeared as an oval wholly anechoic structure with a fine central hypoechoic septum delineated by a thick hyperechoic capsule. Scrotal LN, located at the level of the superficial inguinal ring either cranial or caudal to the spermatic cord, ultrasonographically appeared as a small ovoid to rounded shaped structure with an entire anechoic content. Supramammary LN, localized on the lateral border of the udder base at the superficial inguinal ring, ultrasonographically appeared as a rectangular to ovoid structure with an entire anechoic content. In conclusion, the present data set a preliminary descriptive reference for normal ultrasonographic imaging as well as the topographical anatomy for adult donkeys' superficial LNs.