Rita Hofmann | Bern University of Applied Sciences (original) (raw)
Papers by Rita Hofmann
Heritage
Among diverse contemporary colour prints, silver dye bleach prints and chromogenic prints are dif... more Among diverse contemporary colour prints, silver dye bleach prints and chromogenic prints are difficult to differentiate. They share similar visual characteristics and can use identical supports and surface finishes. However, their image-forming dyes differ, resulting in disparate conservation and restoration needs. This study aimed to determine practical measures for unambiguously differentiating between these two print types. Identifying characteristics—referred to here as ‘identifiers’—were collected from popular conservation sources and a mixed-method questionnaire survey. The accuracy and feasibility of these identifiers were evaluated against known prints sets. Examinations made use of water droplets, various light sources, digital 3D microscopy, and spectrophotometry. Results dichotomised these identifiers into ‘definite’ or ‘indefinite’ with ‘definite identifiers’ being able to discriminate independently. Only five out of 23 entries were termed definite identifiers. Azo dyes...
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, Dec 15, 2021
Suisse est en tête du peloton des pays les plus innovateurs du monde. C'est ce que reflètent chaq... more Suisse est en tête du peloton des pays les plus innovateurs du monde. C'est ce que reflètent chaque année les classements de l'innovation tels que le Tableau de bord européen de l'innovation et le Global Innovation Index. Mais ce rôle de leader est-il garanti à l'avenir? La politique est-elle en mesure de créer les futures conditions-cadres appropriées qui permettront à nos acteurs de l'innovation dans la recherche et l'industrie de maîtriser les défis structurels et, grâce à leurs innovations «made in Switzerland», de contribuer au mieux au bien commun? Le rapport Analyse de la force d'innovation de l'industrie suisse: une actualisation fournit de précieuses informations à toutes les personnes qui souhaitent approfondir la question. Il fournit aux experts du secteur et aux représentants de l'économie des renseignements utiles sur l'évolution de la force d'innovation dans les différentes classes économiques. Enfin, il constitue une base de travail précieuse pour le monde politique, car il lui permet de déterminer les mesures à prendre afin de soutenir au mieux l'activité d'innovation en Suisse. L'analyse précise et différenciée de ce rapport est un grand atout: elle montre par exemple dans quelles classes l'industrie suisse se montre particulièrement innovante ou se trouve distancée. Il apparaît également que les entreprises qui mènent des activités R&D réalisent désormais une part plus importante de leur chiffre d'affaires avec des produits innovants. Elles compensent ainsi le recul des activités de R&D-observé depuis plusieurs années dans les statistiques-chez les PME et les grandes entreprises. On constate par ailleurs une tendance à la multiplication des nouveautés pour les entreprises plutôt que de véritables innovations de marché. Ces dernières ont pourtant le potentiel d'être disruptives et de générer davantage de chiffre d'affaires. Leur développement est toutefois lié à des risques plus élevés, or les entreprises sont devenues plus prudentes en matière d'innovation. De tels enseignements contribuent à une meilleure compréhension de l'activité d'innovation en Suisse et constituent une base permettant de prendre des décisions en connaissance de cause. Si la force d'innovation de la Suisse vous tient à coeur, nous vous recommandons vivement cette lecture.
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, Dec 15, 2021
Letzter Zugriff am 3. Dezember 2021. 11 Details zu den Industriekategorien finden sich im Kapitel... more Letzter Zugriff am 3. Dezember 2021. 11 Details zu den Industriekategorien finden sich im Kapitel «Methodik». 12 Eine Zusammenstellung der NOGA-Klassen der produzierenden Industrie findet sich im Kapitel «Methodik».
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 15, 2021
Heritage
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, Dec 15, 2021
It DESCRIBES A PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS dye solutions optionally containing SOLIDOS products, their... more It DESCRIBES A PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS dye solutions optionally containing SOLIDOS products, their starting materials and intermediate products, by optical measurements and / or spectroscopic, which is characterized by THE FACT THAT AS A SENSOR SYSTEM IS USED A montage It BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF TOTAL REFLECTION weakened. The advantages of this method are that they can also analyze highly concentrated solutions and highly colored without having to predilutions Or again DYE DISPERSIONS without having to separate solid particles.
Nanotechnology Perceptions, 2015
Advanced surface science and material technologies are the basis of industrially manufactured pho... more Advanced surface science and material technologies are the basis of industrially manufactured photographic print media from its beginning in the early 20th century up to now. This paper traces the history of nanotechnology in photography and particularly at ILFORD. ILFORD is one of the pioneers of industrial black and white photo manufacturing, with more than 130 years of history. ILFORD Imaging Switzerland, the Swiss branch of ILFORD, manufactured high quality colour photo display film for over 40 years (1972-2013), and photo inkjet media in industrial quantities from 1996-2013, at their site in Marly (Fribourg). A mainly empirical craft until the early 20th century, photography quickly changed into a scientific discipline embracing the most advanced surface analysis techniques, colloid science methods and liquid multilayer coating technologies of its time. Starting around 1990 those same skills were applied to largescale manufacturing of photo-like inkjet media and ink, the "digital" photographic media that freed the photographer from the darkroom and presented unforeseen creative opportunities to the artist.
Proc. IS&T's CGIV (IS&T, Springfield, VA, 2002
... Gloss 20° 27 76 27 60 40 Gloss 85° 81 93 81 84 79 Tint L 94.8 93 94.8 96 92.4 Tint a -0.8 -0.... more ... Gloss 20° 27 76 27 60 40 Gloss 85° 81 93 81 84 79 Tint L 94.8 93 94.8 96 92.4 Tint a -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 0.2 3.8 Tint b -2.5 -0.5 -2.5 -0.6 -8 Y 6048 6178 4361 9966 9165 R 4908 3897 3184 7780 6945 M 5437 5390 5352 7180 6932 B 3267 2461 3790 5832 5271 C 4764 2550 4798 ...
This introduction presents an overview of key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of th... more This introduction presents an overview of key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of the book. The book lists the advantages as well as disadvantages of inkjet, which still need improvement. It provides all the advantageous features of inkjet to the reader and addresses solutions for the challenges exemplified by the listed “cons”. It is obvious that a close cooperation of technology experts throughout the field is paramount for the development and implementation of industrial inkjet applications in a fast and successful fashion. The book also discusses whether or not inkjet is the appropriate technology for specific applications and compares inkjet with competing analog technologies. It then presents an example of a successful introduction of inkjet technology into industry. The book further provides information regarding the comparison between inkjet and screen technology.
The gamut performance of different ink-jet ink sets on ph glossy media was investigated using spe... more The gamut performance of different ink-jet ink sets on ph glossy media was investigated using spectrophotometry influence of media gloss, paper colour and printing patte compared to the gamut variation due to the different color in the ink. Gamut size is not the only factor that is impor for high quality photo-realistic ink-jet printing. Metame properties of the ink sets as well as the reproduction of cific important colours are considered. The current state of photo-like ink-jet printing is approa ing but not achieving true continuous tone colour reprod tion. The reduction of dot size from 300 dpi to 600 dpi d not change the colorimetric properties of the print. Howe using multi-level inks brings more colour saturation thus proaching continuous tone colour reproduction.
Heritage
Among diverse contemporary colour prints, silver dye bleach prints and chromogenic prints are dif... more Among diverse contemporary colour prints, silver dye bleach prints and chromogenic prints are difficult to differentiate. They share similar visual characteristics and can use identical supports and surface finishes. However, their image-forming dyes differ, resulting in disparate conservation and restoration needs. This study aimed to determine practical measures for unambiguously differentiating between these two print types. Identifying characteristics—referred to here as ‘identifiers’—were collected from popular conservation sources and a mixed-method questionnaire survey. The accuracy and feasibility of these identifiers were evaluated against known prints sets. Examinations made use of water droplets, various light sources, digital 3D microscopy, and spectrophotometry. Results dichotomised these identifiers into ‘definite’ or ‘indefinite’ with ‘definite identifiers’ being able to discriminate independently. Only five out of 23 entries were termed definite identifiers. Azo dyes...
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, Dec 15, 2021
Suisse est en tête du peloton des pays les plus innovateurs du monde. C'est ce que reflètent chaq... more Suisse est en tête du peloton des pays les plus innovateurs du monde. C'est ce que reflètent chaque année les classements de l'innovation tels que le Tableau de bord européen de l'innovation et le Global Innovation Index. Mais ce rôle de leader est-il garanti à l'avenir? La politique est-elle en mesure de créer les futures conditions-cadres appropriées qui permettront à nos acteurs de l'innovation dans la recherche et l'industrie de maîtriser les défis structurels et, grâce à leurs innovations «made in Switzerland», de contribuer au mieux au bien commun? Le rapport Analyse de la force d'innovation de l'industrie suisse: une actualisation fournit de précieuses informations à toutes les personnes qui souhaitent approfondir la question. Il fournit aux experts du secteur et aux représentants de l'économie des renseignements utiles sur l'évolution de la force d'innovation dans les différentes classes économiques. Enfin, il constitue une base de travail précieuse pour le monde politique, car il lui permet de déterminer les mesures à prendre afin de soutenir au mieux l'activité d'innovation en Suisse. L'analyse précise et différenciée de ce rapport est un grand atout: elle montre par exemple dans quelles classes l'industrie suisse se montre particulièrement innovante ou se trouve distancée. Il apparaît également que les entreprises qui mènent des activités R&D réalisent désormais une part plus importante de leur chiffre d'affaires avec des produits innovants. Elles compensent ainsi le recul des activités de R&D-observé depuis plusieurs années dans les statistiques-chez les PME et les grandes entreprises. On constate par ailleurs une tendance à la multiplication des nouveautés pour les entreprises plutôt que de véritables innovations de marché. Ces dernières ont pourtant le potentiel d'être disruptives et de générer davantage de chiffre d'affaires. Leur développement est toutefois lié à des risques plus élevés, or les entreprises sont devenues plus prudentes en matière d'innovation. De tels enseignements contribuent à une meilleure compréhension de l'activité d'innovation en Suisse et constituent une base permettant de prendre des décisions en connaissance de cause. Si la force d'innovation de la Suisse vous tient à coeur, nous vous recommandons vivement cette lecture.
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, Dec 15, 2021
Letzter Zugriff am 3. Dezember 2021. 11 Details zu den Industriekategorien finden sich im Kapitel... more Letzter Zugriff am 3. Dezember 2021. 11 Details zu den Industriekategorien finden sich im Kapitel «Methodik». 12 Eine Zusammenstellung der NOGA-Klassen der produzierenden Industrie findet sich im Kapitel «Methodik».
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 15, 2021
Heritage
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, Dec 15, 2021
It DESCRIBES A PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS dye solutions optionally containing SOLIDOS products, their... more It DESCRIBES A PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS dye solutions optionally containing SOLIDOS products, their starting materials and intermediate products, by optical measurements and / or spectroscopic, which is characterized by THE FACT THAT AS A SENSOR SYSTEM IS USED A montage It BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF TOTAL REFLECTION weakened. The advantages of this method are that they can also analyze highly concentrated solutions and highly colored without having to predilutions Or again DYE DISPERSIONS without having to separate solid particles.
Nanotechnology Perceptions, 2015
Advanced surface science and material technologies are the basis of industrially manufactured pho... more Advanced surface science and material technologies are the basis of industrially manufactured photographic print media from its beginning in the early 20th century up to now. This paper traces the history of nanotechnology in photography and particularly at ILFORD. ILFORD is one of the pioneers of industrial black and white photo manufacturing, with more than 130 years of history. ILFORD Imaging Switzerland, the Swiss branch of ILFORD, manufactured high quality colour photo display film for over 40 years (1972-2013), and photo inkjet media in industrial quantities from 1996-2013, at their site in Marly (Fribourg). A mainly empirical craft until the early 20th century, photography quickly changed into a scientific discipline embracing the most advanced surface analysis techniques, colloid science methods and liquid multilayer coating technologies of its time. Starting around 1990 those same skills were applied to largescale manufacturing of photo-like inkjet media and ink, the "digital" photographic media that freed the photographer from the darkroom and presented unforeseen creative opportunities to the artist.
Proc. IS&T's CGIV (IS&T, Springfield, VA, 2002
... Gloss 20° 27 76 27 60 40 Gloss 85° 81 93 81 84 79 Tint L 94.8 93 94.8 96 92.4 Tint a -0.8 -0.... more ... Gloss 20° 27 76 27 60 40 Gloss 85° 81 93 81 84 79 Tint L 94.8 93 94.8 96 92.4 Tint a -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 0.2 3.8 Tint b -2.5 -0.5 -2.5 -0.6 -8 Y 6048 6178 4361 9966 9165 R 4908 3897 3184 7780 6945 M 5437 5390 5352 7180 6932 B 3267 2461 3790 5832 5271 C 4764 2550 4798 ...
This introduction presents an overview of key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of th... more This introduction presents an overview of key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of the book. The book lists the advantages as well as disadvantages of inkjet, which still need improvement. It provides all the advantageous features of inkjet to the reader and addresses solutions for the challenges exemplified by the listed “cons”. It is obvious that a close cooperation of technology experts throughout the field is paramount for the development and implementation of industrial inkjet applications in a fast and successful fashion. The book also discusses whether or not inkjet is the appropriate technology for specific applications and compares inkjet with competing analog technologies. It then presents an example of a successful introduction of inkjet technology into industry. The book further provides information regarding the comparison between inkjet and screen technology.
The gamut performance of different ink-jet ink sets on ph glossy media was investigated using spe... more The gamut performance of different ink-jet ink sets on ph glossy media was investigated using spectrophotometry influence of media gloss, paper colour and printing patte compared to the gamut variation due to the different color in the ink. Gamut size is not the only factor that is impor for high quality photo-realistic ink-jet printing. Metame properties of the ink sets as well as the reproduction of cific important colours are considered. The current state of photo-like ink-jet printing is approa ing but not achieving true continuous tone colour reprod tion. The reduction of dot size from 300 dpi to 600 dpi d not change the colorimetric properties of the print. Howe using multi-level inks brings more colour saturation thus proaching continuous tone colour reproduction.