Dip Mukherjee | Bidhannagar College, Kolkata (original) (raw)

Papers by Dip Mukherjee

Research paper thumbnail of Biomarker approach for assessing chronic toxicity of Captan® herbicide using haematological, growth, endocrine and biochemical endpoints in air breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus

This study was conducted to determine the sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected hematologica... more This study was conducted to determine the sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected hematological (Hb, HCT, MCH) growth (K-factor, HSI, SGR), biochemical (serum glucose, protein), and endocrine parameters (growth hormone, T3 and T4) in Clarias batrachus under chronic exposures. Captan® was administered at predetermined exposure concentrations (0.53 and 1.06 mg/L) and monitored at day 15, 30 and 45 of the experimental periods. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values (p

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of hazardous impact of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to walking catfish, Clarias batrachus Linnaeus, 1758

Environment and Ecology, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Deltamethrin-Induced Respiratory and Behavioral Effects and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOP) in Short-Term Exposed Mozambique Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus

Toxics

Disrupted behavior and respiratory distress effects of 96-h acute deltamethrin exposures in adult... more Disrupted behavior and respiratory distress effects of 96-h acute deltamethrin exposures in adult Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were investigated using behavioral indices and opercular movement, respectively. Deltamethrin concentrations were found to be associated with toxicological (lethal and sublethal) responses. At 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the LC50 values and 95% confidence limits were 12.290 (11.174–14.411 µg/L), 12.671 (11.334–15.649 µg/L), 10.172 (9.310–11.193 µg/L), and 8.639 (7.860–9.417 µg/L), respectively. The GUTS-model analysis showed that GUTS-SD (stochastic death) with a narrow tolerance distribution in deltamethrin exposed O. mossambicus populations was more sensitive than the GUTS-IT (individual tolerance) model. Prior to death, exposed fish demonstrated concentration-dependent mortality and disturbed behavioral responses, including uncoordinated swim motions, increased mucus secretion, unbalanced and unpredictable swimming patterns, and inactivity. The ...

Research paper thumbnail of Behavioral and physiological toxicity thresholds of a freshwater vertebrate (Heteropneustes fossilis) and invertebrate (Branchiura sowerbyi), exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO): A General Unified Threshold model of Survival (GUTS)

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology

Research paper thumbnail of Antioxidant enzyme activity and pathophysiological responses in the freshwater walking catfish, Clarias batrachus Linn under sub-chronic and chronic exposures to the neonicotinoid, Thiamethoxam®

Science of The Total Environment

Research paper thumbnail of Hydrological connectivity, surface water quality and distribution of fish species within sub-locations of an urban oxbow lake, East India

Watershed Ecology and the Environment

Research paper thumbnail of A Review on the Study of Plankton Diversity in the Mangrove Forests of Sunderban

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol on Clarias batrachus: a biomarkers approach

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is a common waste among the resulting chlorophenols generated i... more 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is a common waste among the resulting chlorophenols generated in the production of common products classified as an extremely toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and highly persistent xenobiotic in the environment. To evaluate the impact of 2,4,6-TCP in aquatic systems, the catfish species Clarias batrachus has been selected to test its toxicity due to its high market value and consumption in India. Here is presented the impact of this compound on different physiological parameters of fish: haematological parameters (haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count and mean corpuscular haemoglobin), biochemical parameters (total serum protein and total serum glucose), growth and reproductive parameters (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, maturity index, specific growth rate, growth hormone, 17β-estradiol and testosterone), exposed to two concentrations of 2,4,6-TCP (0.5 mg/L and 1 mg/L — 1/10th and 1/20th of the LC50) for a period of 15, 3...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of short-term sub-lethal diazinon® exposure on behavioural patterns and respiratory function in Clarias batrachus: inferences for adaptive capacity in the wild

Chemistry and Ecology, 2022

ABSTRACT The potentials for neurotoxicity and respiratory distress under 96 h acute diazinon expo... more ABSTRACT The potentials for neurotoxicity and respiratory distress under 96 h acute diazinon exposures was examined using behavioural indices and opercular movement respectively in walking catfish, Clarias batrachus. Diazinon exposure concentrations were correlated with toxicological (lethal and sublethal) endpoints. The LC50 values and 95% confidence limits at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, were 21.85 (19.09- 28.199 mg/L), 19.081 (17.15-21.65 mg/L), 16.07 (14.49- 17.86 mg/L) and 12.85 (10.92-14.39 mg/L) respectively. Concentration-dependent mortality and altered behavioural responses including uncoordinated swim movements, excessive mucus secretion, imbalanced and erratic swimming patterns and brief inactivity prior to mortality was observed. The altered behavioural patterns reflecting neurotoxicity, and increased opercular movement indicating respiratory distress in the catfish increased proportionally with elevated levels diazinon and exposure time. The inactive and almost non-motile state prior to death indicates paralysis and muscle seizure typical in the late stages of cholinergic toxicity. The severity of behavioural and respiratory effects on adult C. batrachus, a hardy species, portends catastrophic consequences for less hardy and more susceptible aquatic taxa like fish in the field, including considerable loss of adaptive ability.

Research paper thumbnail of Physiological (haematological, growth and endocrine) and biochemical biomarker responses in air-breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus under long-term Captan® pesticide exposures

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2022

The sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected haematological (Hemoglobin, Haematocrit, Mean Corp... more The sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected haematological (Hemoglobin, Haematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) growth (Condition factor, Hepatosomatic Index, Specific Growth Rate), biochemical (serum glucose, protein), and endocrine parameters (growth hormone, T3 and T4) in Clarias batrachus was examined under chronic exposures. Captan® was administered at predetermined exposure concentrations (0.53 and 1.06mg/L) and monitored on days 15, 30, and 45 of the experimental periods. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values (p < 0.05) of haemoglobin content, hematocrit, MCH in Captan® exposed fish compared to control. Serum protein, k-factor and SGR were significantly lower in exposed fish. Endocrine responses (T3 and T4) emerged as the most sensitive biomarker category, depicting modulated responses between sub-chronic exposure at day-15 and chronic responses at day-45. In general, biomarker depictions indicate that Captan® exposures are capable of inducing stress-specific effects at the biochemical and physiological levels negatively impacting the overall health and longevity of such animals.

Research paper thumbnail of A study on the seasonal fluctuation of water quality and zooplankton diversity in the determination of ecological health of five natural water bodies in West Bengal

in pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon periods to determine their ecological health. Among the ... more in pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon periods to determine their ecological health. Among the zooplankton population, four groups such as rotifers, cladocerans, copepods and ostracods were recorded. During the study period, the temperature of five natural water bodies varied between 21.13-29.36˚C and the pH was more or less neutral to alkaline in nature (7.11-8.66). Free carbon dioxide was low (0.06-7.83 mg/l). Dissolved Oxygen (DO) values ranged between 5.56-7.96, 4.33-6.11 and 3.46-5.04 mg/l during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon period respectively. The alkalinity and hardness varied from 141.74-204.38 mg/l and 105.77-193.07 mg/l respectively during the study period. The observed salinity of the natural water bodies was also low (0.035-0.059). Nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) were comparatively higher in station-1, 3 and 5 during the monsoon period. Zooplankton diversity was comparatively higher in station-2 and 4. On the other hand, comparatively higher planktonic biomass and less planktonic diversity were recorded in station-1, 3 and 5. The overall ecological health of station-2 and 4 was suitable for aquaculture.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of acute toxicity and ethological responses of female Clarias batrachus (Linn.) exposed to cadmium

Environment and Ecology, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Acute toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin to oligochaete worm, Branchiura sowerbyi (Beddard, 1982) along with their behavioural responses

International journal of scientific research, 2016

Acute toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin to Branchiurasowerbyi and their behavioural changes were eva... more Acute toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin to Branchiurasowerbyi and their behavioural changes were evaluated in the present study. The 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC 50 values of alpha-cypermethrin to B. sowerbyi were 43.39, 39.75, 22.58 and 13.41 µg/l respectively. A significant variation (p<0.05) between mortality rate of worm and concentrations of the test chemical at all the exposure times (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) was observed. The mortality rate also significantly varies (p<0.05) with the exposure time at all the concentrations except 48h. In addition, a dose dependent change in the behavioural pattern of the worm was recorded. It was directly proportional to the increasing concentration of alpha-cypermethrin.

Research paper thumbnail of A Study on the Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents on the Water Quality and Fish Diversity of Hooghly River for Determination of Its Ecological Health

International journal of scientific research, 2016

A seasonal study was conducted on water quality and fish diversity of six different stations adja... more A seasonal study was conducted on water quality and fish diversity of six different stations adjacent to a paper mill along a small stretch of the Hooghly River at Chakdah, Nadia, West Bengal to determine its ecological health. During the study period, the temperature of the six stations varied between 26.6-32.4˚C and the pH was slightly alkaline in nature (7.5-8.4). The free carbon dioxide value at the outfall (station 3) was markedly reduced compared to other stations (0.0-6.0 mg/l). Dissolved Oxygen, alkalinity and hardness ranged from 4.08-6.60 mg/l, 150-228 mg/l and 115-155 mg/l respectively. The lowest diversity of fishes was observed in station 3 and this was due to the entry of pollutants coming from the pulp and paper mill effluents. The present findings also suggest that special care should be taken in the treatment of the effluents before their final discharge to the riverine ecosystem especially during hot summer.

Research paper thumbnail of Chronic Effects of Diazinon® Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, Clarias batrachus

Applied Sciences, 2021

Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquati... more Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquatic species, but the ecological implications on model species are not widely emphasized. The objective of this study was to determine how the organophosphate pesticide diazinon affected hematological (hemoglobin, total red blood count, total white blood count, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin), growth (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, specific growth rate), biochemical (total serum glucose, total serum protein), and endocrine (growth hormone, tri-iodothyronine, and thyroxine) parameters in Clarias batrachus after chronic exposure. Diazinon was administered at predefined exposure doses (0.64 and 1.28 mg/L) and monitored at 15, 30, and 45 days into the investigation. Observation for most biomarkers revealed patterns of decreasing values with increasing toxicant concentration and exposure duration. Correlation analysis highlighted a significant inverse relationship between variables (mea...

Research paper thumbnail of Acute Toxicity Bioassay of a Pyrethroid Pesticide Bifenthrin to the Asian stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes Fossilis (Bloch)

Current World Environment, 2021

Bifenthrin is a type-I synthetic neopyrethroid pesticide having eight different stereoisomers. Th... more Bifenthrin is a type-I synthetic neopyrethroid pesticide having eight different stereoisomers. The current study aims to assess the short-term toxic effect of Bifenthrin to freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. The 24, 48, 72 and 96h LC50 values of bifenthrin to H. fossilis were 4.82, 4.47, 3.54 and 3.40 µg/l respectively. There was a significant variation (p<0.05) in the mortality of the treated fish exposed to bifenthrin with respect to the control at all the hours of exposure. A significant variation (p<0.05) between rate of mortality of H. fossilis and time slots (24-96h) was recorded for the final selected doses of bifenthrin except 4.0, 4.5 and 5.5 µg/l concentration of the toxicant. A vigorous mucous secretion and hyper-excitability was observed in the fish at the higher doses of bifenthrin specifically at 24h and 48h time slots. There was a profound loss in equilibrium of the treated fish particularly at the higher doses at 72h and 96h time slots. The gradual incre...

Research paper thumbnail of Acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium to male Clarias batrachus Linn. with special reference to their haematological changes

International Journal of Scientific Research, Dec 1, 2014

The present study was done to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium to Clarias batra... more The present study was done to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium to Clarias batrachus along with its effects on ethological and haematological changes of fish. 96h median lethal concentrations (LC50) of cadmium chloride along with its 95% confidence limits was 82.66 (75.09-90.54) mg/l. Excessive mucous secretion in the body surface, signs of stress like erratic fin movement, hyperactivity, difficulty in breathing, suffocation and surface attachment of fish followed by death were recorded in the higher concentrations (82.5, 92.5 and 95.0 mg/l) during 72 and 96h of exposure. During chronic toxicity tests, total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb) content, haematocrit (Hct) percent, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), blood triglyceride, cholesterol, serum albumin, serum globulin and serum albumin-globulin ratio of Clarias batrachus varied significantly with increasing exposure time (60 and 90 days) at all sublethal concentrations of cadmium (4.14 and 8.27 mg/l).

Research paper thumbnail of Acutetoxicity of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to copepod, Cyclops viridis and oligochaete worm, Branchiura sowerbyi

Environment and Ecology, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Acute Toxicity Levels and Ethological Responses Under Tetrachlorocatechol Exposure in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 2013

Tetrachlorocatechol (TCC) is one of the most toxic chlorinated catechol produced by the chloroble... more Tetrachlorocatechol (TCC) is one of the most toxic chlorinated catechol produced by the chlorobleaching of pulp and frequently found in the kraft pulp mill effluents. Toxicity of TCC to common carp, Cyprinus carpio and their ethological changes were evaluated in the present study. The 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values of TCC to C. carpio were 4.73, 3.95, 3.20 and 2.43 mg/l respectively. The mortality rate of C. carpio showed significant relationship (p < 0.05) at different exposure times (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) in different treatments of TCC (2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 mg/l). On the other hand, a significant correlation (p < 0.01) was observed between the mortality rate of fish with all the concentrations of TCC. Mean opercular movement in the fish increased significantly with the increasing dose and time of exposure to TCC indicating acute respiratory distress. The jerky movement, somersaulting, circular movement and mucus secretion of fish increased gradually with the increasing concentrations and exposure times of TCC for adapting a compensatory mechanism to derive energy in order to avoid stress due to toxicity.

Research paper thumbnail of Acute Toxicity of Cadmium to Benthic Oligochaete Worm, Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard, 1982 and Juvenile Catfish, Clarias batrachus Linnaeus, 1758

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 2014

The present study was done to determine the toxicity of cadmium to Branchiura sowerbyi and juveni... more The present study was done to determine the toxicity of cadmium to Branchiura sowerbyi and juvenile Clarias batrachus. The 96 h median lethal concentrations (with 95 % confidence limit) of cadmium for B. sowerbyi and juvenile C. batrachus were 15.98 (10.78–20.82) and 29.39 (23.70–33.42) mg/l respectively. It indicates that B. sowerbyi was more susceptible to cadmium toxicity than C. batrachus. A significant relationship (p < 0.05) was recorded between mortality rate and all the exposure times at 15, 25, 30 and 35 mg/l of the toxicant for B. sowerbyi and at 26, 30, 36, 48 and 50 mg/l for C. batrachus. Similarly, significant variation was also observed between mortality rate and all the exposure concentrations at all the exposure times (p < 0.01) for both the worm and fish. Excessive mucous secretion, loss of balance and reduced movement were observed in both the worms and fish at higher concentrations during 72 and 96 h of exposure. With progress of time and increasing concentration fish showed behavioural changes like erratic fin movement, hyperactivity, suffocation and increased surface attachment followed by death. The findings of the work can be used in ecological risk assessment and in the determination of safe disposal level of cadmium.

Research paper thumbnail of Biomarker approach for assessing chronic toxicity of Captan® herbicide using haematological, growth, endocrine and biochemical endpoints in air breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus

This study was conducted to determine the sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected hematologica... more This study was conducted to determine the sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected hematological (Hb, HCT, MCH) growth (K-factor, HSI, SGR), biochemical (serum glucose, protein), and endocrine parameters (growth hormone, T3 and T4) in Clarias batrachus under chronic exposures. Captan® was administered at predetermined exposure concentrations (0.53 and 1.06 mg/L) and monitored at day 15, 30 and 45 of the experimental periods. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values (p

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of hazardous impact of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to walking catfish, Clarias batrachus Linnaeus, 1758

Environment and Ecology, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Deltamethrin-Induced Respiratory and Behavioral Effects and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOP) in Short-Term Exposed Mozambique Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus

Toxics

Disrupted behavior and respiratory distress effects of 96-h acute deltamethrin exposures in adult... more Disrupted behavior and respiratory distress effects of 96-h acute deltamethrin exposures in adult Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were investigated using behavioral indices and opercular movement, respectively. Deltamethrin concentrations were found to be associated with toxicological (lethal and sublethal) responses. At 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the LC50 values and 95% confidence limits were 12.290 (11.174–14.411 µg/L), 12.671 (11.334–15.649 µg/L), 10.172 (9.310–11.193 µg/L), and 8.639 (7.860–9.417 µg/L), respectively. The GUTS-model analysis showed that GUTS-SD (stochastic death) with a narrow tolerance distribution in deltamethrin exposed O. mossambicus populations was more sensitive than the GUTS-IT (individual tolerance) model. Prior to death, exposed fish demonstrated concentration-dependent mortality and disturbed behavioral responses, including uncoordinated swim motions, increased mucus secretion, unbalanced and unpredictable swimming patterns, and inactivity. The ...

Research paper thumbnail of Behavioral and physiological toxicity thresholds of a freshwater vertebrate (Heteropneustes fossilis) and invertebrate (Branchiura sowerbyi), exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO): A General Unified Threshold model of Survival (GUTS)

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology

Research paper thumbnail of Antioxidant enzyme activity and pathophysiological responses in the freshwater walking catfish, Clarias batrachus Linn under sub-chronic and chronic exposures to the neonicotinoid, Thiamethoxam®

Science of The Total Environment

Research paper thumbnail of Hydrological connectivity, surface water quality and distribution of fish species within sub-locations of an urban oxbow lake, East India

Watershed Ecology and the Environment

Research paper thumbnail of A Review on the Study of Plankton Diversity in the Mangrove Forests of Sunderban

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol on Clarias batrachus: a biomarkers approach

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is a common waste among the resulting chlorophenols generated i... more 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is a common waste among the resulting chlorophenols generated in the production of common products classified as an extremely toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and highly persistent xenobiotic in the environment. To evaluate the impact of 2,4,6-TCP in aquatic systems, the catfish species Clarias batrachus has been selected to test its toxicity due to its high market value and consumption in India. Here is presented the impact of this compound on different physiological parameters of fish: haematological parameters (haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count and mean corpuscular haemoglobin), biochemical parameters (total serum protein and total serum glucose), growth and reproductive parameters (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, maturity index, specific growth rate, growth hormone, 17β-estradiol and testosterone), exposed to two concentrations of 2,4,6-TCP (0.5 mg/L and 1 mg/L — 1/10th and 1/20th of the LC50) for a period of 15, 3...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of short-term sub-lethal diazinon® exposure on behavioural patterns and respiratory function in Clarias batrachus: inferences for adaptive capacity in the wild

Chemistry and Ecology, 2022

ABSTRACT The potentials for neurotoxicity and respiratory distress under 96 h acute diazinon expo... more ABSTRACT The potentials for neurotoxicity and respiratory distress under 96 h acute diazinon exposures was examined using behavioural indices and opercular movement respectively in walking catfish, Clarias batrachus. Diazinon exposure concentrations were correlated with toxicological (lethal and sublethal) endpoints. The LC50 values and 95% confidence limits at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, were 21.85 (19.09- 28.199 mg/L), 19.081 (17.15-21.65 mg/L), 16.07 (14.49- 17.86 mg/L) and 12.85 (10.92-14.39 mg/L) respectively. Concentration-dependent mortality and altered behavioural responses including uncoordinated swim movements, excessive mucus secretion, imbalanced and erratic swimming patterns and brief inactivity prior to mortality was observed. The altered behavioural patterns reflecting neurotoxicity, and increased opercular movement indicating respiratory distress in the catfish increased proportionally with elevated levels diazinon and exposure time. The inactive and almost non-motile state prior to death indicates paralysis and muscle seizure typical in the late stages of cholinergic toxicity. The severity of behavioural and respiratory effects on adult C. batrachus, a hardy species, portends catastrophic consequences for less hardy and more susceptible aquatic taxa like fish in the field, including considerable loss of adaptive ability.

Research paper thumbnail of Physiological (haematological, growth and endocrine) and biochemical biomarker responses in air-breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus under long-term Captan® pesticide exposures

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2022

The sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected haematological (Hemoglobin, Haematocrit, Mean Corp... more The sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected haematological (Hemoglobin, Haematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) growth (Condition factor, Hepatosomatic Index, Specific Growth Rate), biochemical (serum glucose, protein), and endocrine parameters (growth hormone, T3 and T4) in Clarias batrachus was examined under chronic exposures. Captan® was administered at predetermined exposure concentrations (0.53 and 1.06mg/L) and monitored on days 15, 30, and 45 of the experimental periods. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values (p < 0.05) of haemoglobin content, hematocrit, MCH in Captan® exposed fish compared to control. Serum protein, k-factor and SGR were significantly lower in exposed fish. Endocrine responses (T3 and T4) emerged as the most sensitive biomarker category, depicting modulated responses between sub-chronic exposure at day-15 and chronic responses at day-45. In general, biomarker depictions indicate that Captan® exposures are capable of inducing stress-specific effects at the biochemical and physiological levels negatively impacting the overall health and longevity of such animals.

Research paper thumbnail of A study on the seasonal fluctuation of water quality and zooplankton diversity in the determination of ecological health of five natural water bodies in West Bengal

in pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon periods to determine their ecological health. Among the ... more in pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon periods to determine their ecological health. Among the zooplankton population, four groups such as rotifers, cladocerans, copepods and ostracods were recorded. During the study period, the temperature of five natural water bodies varied between 21.13-29.36˚C and the pH was more or less neutral to alkaline in nature (7.11-8.66). Free carbon dioxide was low (0.06-7.83 mg/l). Dissolved Oxygen (DO) values ranged between 5.56-7.96, 4.33-6.11 and 3.46-5.04 mg/l during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon period respectively. The alkalinity and hardness varied from 141.74-204.38 mg/l and 105.77-193.07 mg/l respectively during the study period. The observed salinity of the natural water bodies was also low (0.035-0.059). Nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) were comparatively higher in station-1, 3 and 5 during the monsoon period. Zooplankton diversity was comparatively higher in station-2 and 4. On the other hand, comparatively higher planktonic biomass and less planktonic diversity were recorded in station-1, 3 and 5. The overall ecological health of station-2 and 4 was suitable for aquaculture.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of acute toxicity and ethological responses of female Clarias batrachus (Linn.) exposed to cadmium

Environment and Ecology, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Acute toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin to oligochaete worm, Branchiura sowerbyi (Beddard, 1982) along with their behavioural responses

International journal of scientific research, 2016

Acute toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin to Branchiurasowerbyi and their behavioural changes were eva... more Acute toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin to Branchiurasowerbyi and their behavioural changes were evaluated in the present study. The 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC 50 values of alpha-cypermethrin to B. sowerbyi were 43.39, 39.75, 22.58 and 13.41 µg/l respectively. A significant variation (p<0.05) between mortality rate of worm and concentrations of the test chemical at all the exposure times (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) was observed. The mortality rate also significantly varies (p<0.05) with the exposure time at all the concentrations except 48h. In addition, a dose dependent change in the behavioural pattern of the worm was recorded. It was directly proportional to the increasing concentration of alpha-cypermethrin.

Research paper thumbnail of A Study on the Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents on the Water Quality and Fish Diversity of Hooghly River for Determination of Its Ecological Health

International journal of scientific research, 2016

A seasonal study was conducted on water quality and fish diversity of six different stations adja... more A seasonal study was conducted on water quality and fish diversity of six different stations adjacent to a paper mill along a small stretch of the Hooghly River at Chakdah, Nadia, West Bengal to determine its ecological health. During the study period, the temperature of the six stations varied between 26.6-32.4˚C and the pH was slightly alkaline in nature (7.5-8.4). The free carbon dioxide value at the outfall (station 3) was markedly reduced compared to other stations (0.0-6.0 mg/l). Dissolved Oxygen, alkalinity and hardness ranged from 4.08-6.60 mg/l, 150-228 mg/l and 115-155 mg/l respectively. The lowest diversity of fishes was observed in station 3 and this was due to the entry of pollutants coming from the pulp and paper mill effluents. The present findings also suggest that special care should be taken in the treatment of the effluents before their final discharge to the riverine ecosystem especially during hot summer.

Research paper thumbnail of Chronic Effects of Diazinon® Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, Clarias batrachus

Applied Sciences, 2021

Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquati... more Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquatic species, but the ecological implications on model species are not widely emphasized. The objective of this study was to determine how the organophosphate pesticide diazinon affected hematological (hemoglobin, total red blood count, total white blood count, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin), growth (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, specific growth rate), biochemical (total serum glucose, total serum protein), and endocrine (growth hormone, tri-iodothyronine, and thyroxine) parameters in Clarias batrachus after chronic exposure. Diazinon was administered at predefined exposure doses (0.64 and 1.28 mg/L) and monitored at 15, 30, and 45 days into the investigation. Observation for most biomarkers revealed patterns of decreasing values with increasing toxicant concentration and exposure duration. Correlation analysis highlighted a significant inverse relationship between variables (mea...

Research paper thumbnail of Acute Toxicity Bioassay of a Pyrethroid Pesticide Bifenthrin to the Asian stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes Fossilis (Bloch)

Current World Environment, 2021

Bifenthrin is a type-I synthetic neopyrethroid pesticide having eight different stereoisomers. Th... more Bifenthrin is a type-I synthetic neopyrethroid pesticide having eight different stereoisomers. The current study aims to assess the short-term toxic effect of Bifenthrin to freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. The 24, 48, 72 and 96h LC50 values of bifenthrin to H. fossilis were 4.82, 4.47, 3.54 and 3.40 µg/l respectively. There was a significant variation (p<0.05) in the mortality of the treated fish exposed to bifenthrin with respect to the control at all the hours of exposure. A significant variation (p<0.05) between rate of mortality of H. fossilis and time slots (24-96h) was recorded for the final selected doses of bifenthrin except 4.0, 4.5 and 5.5 µg/l concentration of the toxicant. A vigorous mucous secretion and hyper-excitability was observed in the fish at the higher doses of bifenthrin specifically at 24h and 48h time slots. There was a profound loss in equilibrium of the treated fish particularly at the higher doses at 72h and 96h time slots. The gradual incre...

Research paper thumbnail of Acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium to male Clarias batrachus Linn. with special reference to their haematological changes

International Journal of Scientific Research, Dec 1, 2014

The present study was done to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium to Clarias batra... more The present study was done to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium to Clarias batrachus along with its effects on ethological and haematological changes of fish. 96h median lethal concentrations (LC50) of cadmium chloride along with its 95% confidence limits was 82.66 (75.09-90.54) mg/l. Excessive mucous secretion in the body surface, signs of stress like erratic fin movement, hyperactivity, difficulty in breathing, suffocation and surface attachment of fish followed by death were recorded in the higher concentrations (82.5, 92.5 and 95.0 mg/l) during 72 and 96h of exposure. During chronic toxicity tests, total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb) content, haematocrit (Hct) percent, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), blood triglyceride, cholesterol, serum albumin, serum globulin and serum albumin-globulin ratio of Clarias batrachus varied significantly with increasing exposure time (60 and 90 days) at all sublethal concentrations of cadmium (4.14 and 8.27 mg/l).

Research paper thumbnail of Acutetoxicity of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to copepod, Cyclops viridis and oligochaete worm, Branchiura sowerbyi

Environment and Ecology, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Acute Toxicity Levels and Ethological Responses Under Tetrachlorocatechol Exposure in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 2013

Tetrachlorocatechol (TCC) is one of the most toxic chlorinated catechol produced by the chloroble... more Tetrachlorocatechol (TCC) is one of the most toxic chlorinated catechol produced by the chlorobleaching of pulp and frequently found in the kraft pulp mill effluents. Toxicity of TCC to common carp, Cyprinus carpio and their ethological changes were evaluated in the present study. The 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values of TCC to C. carpio were 4.73, 3.95, 3.20 and 2.43 mg/l respectively. The mortality rate of C. carpio showed significant relationship (p < 0.05) at different exposure times (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) in different treatments of TCC (2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 mg/l). On the other hand, a significant correlation (p < 0.01) was observed between the mortality rate of fish with all the concentrations of TCC. Mean opercular movement in the fish increased significantly with the increasing dose and time of exposure to TCC indicating acute respiratory distress. The jerky movement, somersaulting, circular movement and mucus secretion of fish increased gradually with the increasing concentrations and exposure times of TCC for adapting a compensatory mechanism to derive energy in order to avoid stress due to toxicity.

Research paper thumbnail of Acute Toxicity of Cadmium to Benthic Oligochaete Worm, Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard, 1982 and Juvenile Catfish, Clarias batrachus Linnaeus, 1758

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 2014

The present study was done to determine the toxicity of cadmium to Branchiura sowerbyi and juveni... more The present study was done to determine the toxicity of cadmium to Branchiura sowerbyi and juvenile Clarias batrachus. The 96 h median lethal concentrations (with 95 % confidence limit) of cadmium for B. sowerbyi and juvenile C. batrachus were 15.98 (10.78–20.82) and 29.39 (23.70–33.42) mg/l respectively. It indicates that B. sowerbyi was more susceptible to cadmium toxicity than C. batrachus. A significant relationship (p < 0.05) was recorded between mortality rate and all the exposure times at 15, 25, 30 and 35 mg/l of the toxicant for B. sowerbyi and at 26, 30, 36, 48 and 50 mg/l for C. batrachus. Similarly, significant variation was also observed between mortality rate and all the exposure concentrations at all the exposure times (p < 0.01) for both the worm and fish. Excessive mucous secretion, loss of balance and reduced movement were observed in both the worms and fish at higher concentrations during 72 and 96 h of exposure. With progress of time and increasing concentration fish showed behavioural changes like erratic fin movement, hyperactivity, suffocation and increased surface attachment followed by death. The findings of the work can be used in ecological risk assessment and in the determination of safe disposal level of cadmium.