Richard Rayne | Birkbeck College, University of London (original) (raw)
Papers by Richard Rayne
Journal of Experimental Biology, 1995
ABSTRACTThe brain of the locust Schistocerca gregaria contains a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that... more ABSTRACTThe brain of the locust Schistocerca gregaria contains a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that has similar properties to mammalian neuronal NOS. It catalyses the production of equimolar quantities of nitric oxide (NO) and citrulline from L-arginine in a Ca2+/calmodulin-and NADPH-dependent manner and is inhibited by the Nw-nitro and Nw-monomethyl analogues of L-arginine. In Western blots, an antiserum to the 160 kDa rat cerebellar NOS subunit recognises a locust brain protein with a molecular mass of approximately 135 kDa. NOS is located in several parts of the locust brain, including the mushroom bodies, but it is particularly abundant in the olfactory processing centres, the antennal lobes. Here it is present in two groups of local interneurones (a pair and a cluster of about 50) that project into the neuropile of the antennal lobes. The processes of these neurones terminate in numerous glomerulus-like structures where the synapses between primary olfactory receptor neurones and...
Bioscience Education e-Journal, 2007
reap.ac.uk, 2007
ABSTRACT OVERVIEW The work reported in this study addresses several fundamental concerns: How do ... more ABSTRACT OVERVIEW The work reported in this study addresses several fundamental concerns: How do we impress upon first-year students the importance of a regular habit of study? How do we promote student engagement with feedback? and How do we promote a dialogue about feedback involving student-to-student and student-to-teacher conversations? We have developed an assessment design that attempts, at least in part, to confront these concerns. Frequent summative computer-based assessments (CBA) help to dictate a steady pace of student effort across the period during which a first-year biosciences module is constituted. These CBA are subsequently released in formative versions online so that students can revisit them as revision aids. An electronic voting system (EVS) is used in classes subsequent to each summative CBA to promote engagement with feedback and whole-class discussion around troublesome topic areas. The case study therefore touches upon two themes raised by the REAP conference: Assessment and the first year experience and Great designs for assessment.
It is well known by those at the ‘chalk face ’ that learning is not necessarily an outcome of tea... more It is well known by those at the ‘chalk face ’ that learning is not necessarily an outcome of teaching. “Students often fail to spontaneously use what they have learned in a new setting despite the fact that it is highly relevant ” (Schwarz et al., 1999) a phenomenon Whitehead referred to as “inert knowledge” (Whitehead, 1929). However, judicious and appropriate use of assessment, as a way of checking for learning rather than to reveal what students don’t know (i.e. for ‘punishment’!) or simply to produce a rank order, can ameliorate this problem by promoting conceptual understanding and encouraging students to employ deep learning approaches. As the biosciences are essentially practical and experimental subjects, it is important for bioscience undergraduates to develop abilities to acquire and apply procedural knowledge (‘how to do something’) as well as to demonstrate the conceptual knowledge that underpins procedure (cf. Biosciences Benchmark statement). Having learnt from exampl...
Peptides, 1995
Isolated cell bodies of the locust vasopressin-like immunoreactive (VPLI) neurons, analyzed by HP... more Isolated cell bodies of the locust vasopressin-like immunoreactive (VPLI) neurons, analyzed by HPLC separation and radioimmune assay, contain three arginine vasopressin-like peptides: a previously identified monomer (Fl, Cys-Leu-Ile-Thr-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2) and its antiparallel homodimer (F2), but also the previously unreported parallel homodimer (PDm). VPLI neuron activity significantly reduces the level of cAMP in the CNS. Of the three synthetic peptides, only the monomer (F1, 10(-8) and 10(-6) M) is capable of inhibiting a forskolin-stimulated increase in cAMP in isolated neural membranes. The antiparallel (F2) and parallel dimers (PDm) of this peptide have no effect on this second messenger.
Please cite this work as: Rayne RC & Baggott GK (2004) Computer-based and computer-assisted tests... more Please cite this work as: Rayne RC & Baggott GK (2004) Computer-based and computer-assisted tests to assess procedural and conceptual knowledge. In: Proceedings of the 8th
Phytochemicals for Pest Control
Bioscience Horizons: The International Journal of Student Research
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1992
ABSTRACT Monitoring conversion of radiolabeled arginine to citrulline, the co-product of the nitr... more ABSTRACT Monitoring conversion of radiolabeled arginine to citrulline, the co-product of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-catalyzed reaction, is a widely used method to assay for NOS activity. In cases where NOS is the sole or overwhelmingly predominant arginine-metabolizing enzyme present in a cell or tissue preparation, it is convenient to separate arginine from citrulline using a Dowex cation-exchange chromatography system (see Chapter 7, this volume). In some cells or tissues, however, other pathways of arginine metabolism are present and the products formed may fail to be separated from arginine, from each other, or from citrulline (if it is even present) using the simple Dowex method. For example, the widely distributed enzyme arginase (1) can hydrolyze arginine to ornithine and urea. Using the Dowex method, it is not possible to distinguish ornithine from arginine or urea from citrulline.
Journal of Insect Physiology, Oct 1, 2007
Nitric Oxide Protocols, 1997
ABSTRACT Monitoring conversion of radiolabeled arginine to citrulline, the co-product of the nitr... more ABSTRACT Monitoring conversion of radiolabeled arginine to citrulline, the co-product of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-catalyzed reaction, is a widely used method to assay for NOS activity. In cases where NOS is the sole or overwhelmingly predominant arginine-metabolizing enzyme present in a cell or tissue preparation, it is convenient to separate arginine from citrulline using a Dowex cation-exchange chromatography system (see Chapter 7, this volume). In some cells or tissues, however, other pathways of arginine metabolism are present and the products formed may fail to be separated from arginine, from each other, or from citrulline (if it is even present) using the simple Dowex method. For example, the widely distributed enzyme arginase (1) can hydrolyze arginine to ornithine and urea. Using the Dowex method, it is not possible to distinguish ornithine from arginine or urea from citrulline.
Journal of Experimental Biology
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1989. Includes bibliographical refe... more Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1989. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [152]-171).
The Journal of experimental biology, 1993
Previous work has shown that a peptide related to arginine vasopressin is present in the suboesop... more Previous work has shown that a peptide related to arginine vasopressin is present in the suboesophageal ganglion of the locust, Locusta migratoria. This peptide was determined to be an anti-parallel dimer of the nonapeptide Cys-Leu-Ile-Thr-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2 and was reported to stimulate cyclic AMP production and fluid secretion in a combined Malpighian tubules and midgut preparation from locusts. For these reasons the peptide has been called the arginine-vasopressin-like insect diuretic hormone (AVP-like IDH). Recently, a second diuretic peptide (Locusta-DP), which is related to corticotropin releasing factor, has been identified: this is a potent stimulant of fluid secretion and cyclic AMP production by isolated locust tubules. Because water balance in insects is likely to be controlled by a cocktail of hormones acting on both Malpighian tubules and hindgut, this study directly compares the activity of these two peptides in fluid secretion and cyclic AMP production bioassays ...
Journal of Experimental Biology, 1995
ABSTRACTThe brain of the locust Schistocerca gregaria contains a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that... more ABSTRACTThe brain of the locust Schistocerca gregaria contains a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that has similar properties to mammalian neuronal NOS. It catalyses the production of equimolar quantities of nitric oxide (NO) and citrulline from L-arginine in a Ca2+/calmodulin-and NADPH-dependent manner and is inhibited by the Nw-nitro and Nw-monomethyl analogues of L-arginine. In Western blots, an antiserum to the 160 kDa rat cerebellar NOS subunit recognises a locust brain protein with a molecular mass of approximately 135 kDa. NOS is located in several parts of the locust brain, including the mushroom bodies, but it is particularly abundant in the olfactory processing centres, the antennal lobes. Here it is present in two groups of local interneurones (a pair and a cluster of about 50) that project into the neuropile of the antennal lobes. The processes of these neurones terminate in numerous glomerulus-like structures where the synapses between primary olfactory receptor neurones and...
Bioscience Education e-Journal, 2007
reap.ac.uk, 2007
ABSTRACT OVERVIEW The work reported in this study addresses several fundamental concerns: How do ... more ABSTRACT OVERVIEW The work reported in this study addresses several fundamental concerns: How do we impress upon first-year students the importance of a regular habit of study? How do we promote student engagement with feedback? and How do we promote a dialogue about feedback involving student-to-student and student-to-teacher conversations? We have developed an assessment design that attempts, at least in part, to confront these concerns. Frequent summative computer-based assessments (CBA) help to dictate a steady pace of student effort across the period during which a first-year biosciences module is constituted. These CBA are subsequently released in formative versions online so that students can revisit them as revision aids. An electronic voting system (EVS) is used in classes subsequent to each summative CBA to promote engagement with feedback and whole-class discussion around troublesome topic areas. The case study therefore touches upon two themes raised by the REAP conference: Assessment and the first year experience and Great designs for assessment.
It is well known by those at the ‘chalk face ’ that learning is not necessarily an outcome of tea... more It is well known by those at the ‘chalk face ’ that learning is not necessarily an outcome of teaching. “Students often fail to spontaneously use what they have learned in a new setting despite the fact that it is highly relevant ” (Schwarz et al., 1999) a phenomenon Whitehead referred to as “inert knowledge” (Whitehead, 1929). However, judicious and appropriate use of assessment, as a way of checking for learning rather than to reveal what students don’t know (i.e. for ‘punishment’!) or simply to produce a rank order, can ameliorate this problem by promoting conceptual understanding and encouraging students to employ deep learning approaches. As the biosciences are essentially practical and experimental subjects, it is important for bioscience undergraduates to develop abilities to acquire and apply procedural knowledge (‘how to do something’) as well as to demonstrate the conceptual knowledge that underpins procedure (cf. Biosciences Benchmark statement). Having learnt from exampl...
Peptides, 1995
Isolated cell bodies of the locust vasopressin-like immunoreactive (VPLI) neurons, analyzed by HP... more Isolated cell bodies of the locust vasopressin-like immunoreactive (VPLI) neurons, analyzed by HPLC separation and radioimmune assay, contain three arginine vasopressin-like peptides: a previously identified monomer (Fl, Cys-Leu-Ile-Thr-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2) and its antiparallel homodimer (F2), but also the previously unreported parallel homodimer (PDm). VPLI neuron activity significantly reduces the level of cAMP in the CNS. Of the three synthetic peptides, only the monomer (F1, 10(-8) and 10(-6) M) is capable of inhibiting a forskolin-stimulated increase in cAMP in isolated neural membranes. The antiparallel (F2) and parallel dimers (PDm) of this peptide have no effect on this second messenger.
Please cite this work as: Rayne RC & Baggott GK (2004) Computer-based and computer-assisted tests... more Please cite this work as: Rayne RC & Baggott GK (2004) Computer-based and computer-assisted tests to assess procedural and conceptual knowledge. In: Proceedings of the 8th
Phytochemicals for Pest Control
Bioscience Horizons: The International Journal of Student Research
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1992
ABSTRACT Monitoring conversion of radiolabeled arginine to citrulline, the co-product of the nitr... more ABSTRACT Monitoring conversion of radiolabeled arginine to citrulline, the co-product of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-catalyzed reaction, is a widely used method to assay for NOS activity. In cases where NOS is the sole or overwhelmingly predominant arginine-metabolizing enzyme present in a cell or tissue preparation, it is convenient to separate arginine from citrulline using a Dowex cation-exchange chromatography system (see Chapter 7, this volume). In some cells or tissues, however, other pathways of arginine metabolism are present and the products formed may fail to be separated from arginine, from each other, or from citrulline (if it is even present) using the simple Dowex method. For example, the widely distributed enzyme arginase (1) can hydrolyze arginine to ornithine and urea. Using the Dowex method, it is not possible to distinguish ornithine from arginine or urea from citrulline.
Journal of Insect Physiology, Oct 1, 2007
Nitric Oxide Protocols, 1997
ABSTRACT Monitoring conversion of radiolabeled arginine to citrulline, the co-product of the nitr... more ABSTRACT Monitoring conversion of radiolabeled arginine to citrulline, the co-product of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-catalyzed reaction, is a widely used method to assay for NOS activity. In cases where NOS is the sole or overwhelmingly predominant arginine-metabolizing enzyme present in a cell or tissue preparation, it is convenient to separate arginine from citrulline using a Dowex cation-exchange chromatography system (see Chapter 7, this volume). In some cells or tissues, however, other pathways of arginine metabolism are present and the products formed may fail to be separated from arginine, from each other, or from citrulline (if it is even present) using the simple Dowex method. For example, the widely distributed enzyme arginase (1) can hydrolyze arginine to ornithine and urea. Using the Dowex method, it is not possible to distinguish ornithine from arginine or urea from citrulline.
Journal of Experimental Biology
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1989. Includes bibliographical refe... more Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1989. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [152]-171).
The Journal of experimental biology, 1993
Previous work has shown that a peptide related to arginine vasopressin is present in the suboesop... more Previous work has shown that a peptide related to arginine vasopressin is present in the suboesophageal ganglion of the locust, Locusta migratoria. This peptide was determined to be an anti-parallel dimer of the nonapeptide Cys-Leu-Ile-Thr-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2 and was reported to stimulate cyclic AMP production and fluid secretion in a combined Malpighian tubules and midgut preparation from locusts. For these reasons the peptide has been called the arginine-vasopressin-like insect diuretic hormone (AVP-like IDH). Recently, a second diuretic peptide (Locusta-DP), which is related to corticotropin releasing factor, has been identified: this is a potent stimulant of fluid secretion and cyclic AMP production by isolated locust tubules. Because water balance in insects is likely to be controlled by a cocktail of hormones acting on both Malpighian tubules and hindgut, this study directly compares the activity of these two peptides in fluid secretion and cyclic AMP production bioassays ...