Joseph Gardella | SUNY: University at Buffalo (original) (raw)

Joseph Gardella

Joseph A. Gardella, Jr. is Professor of Chemistry at SUNY Buffalo and Director of the UB/Buffalo Public Schools Interdisciplinary Science and Engineeering Partnership. He has been on the faculty at UB since 1982. Joe was born and raised in Detroit Michigan, and completed a dual degree program in Chemistry (B.S.) and Philosophy (B.A.) from Oakland University in Rochester Michigan., a Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry at the University of Pittsburgh and postdoctoral research in Physical Chemistry at the University of Utah. He served as a visiting scientist/program officer at the National Science Foundation Chemistry Division in 1989-90. From 1999-2005, he was Associate Dean for External Affairs in the College of Arts and Sciences and he was responsible for coordinating and leading the College's programs in working with industry, community, government and elementary and secondary schools. From 1996-2006, he was the Director of the UB Materials Research Instrumentation Facility, managing ca. $9M of shared research instrumentation. As a Faculty Fellow in the Institute for Local Governance and Regional Growth from 2005-2006, he is pursuing policy studies in regional science and environmental policy and public participation. More info is at: www.acsu.buffalo.edu/\~gardella.

Professor Gardella’s research interests are in quantitative analysis and surface chemistry, broadly applied to the study of environmental effects at polymer surfaces and tissue engineering with synthetic biomaterials. His work and that of his Ph.D. students has resulted in some 240 publications and a similar number of invited talks worldwide. His work is funded by the National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, National Institutes of Health and industry. Besides his research interests, he has long standing interests in curriculum development for scientists and non- scientists. He was a senior member of UB’s Undergraduate College, a group of faculty that developed a new general education program with a major emphasis on innovative science and laboratory courses for non-science majors. He served as Chair of the Undergraduate College Curriculum Committee for three years, which was responsible for faculty input on all phases of development of the curriculum. He is presently a member of the UB Honors Program Council. At UB, he has been involved in environmental programs of all types. As the Chair of the UB Environmental Task Force in the mid 1990's he was involved in a variety of public service and policy projects, including student environmental auditing of Buffalo City Hall, and a funded project in developing field environmental analysis studies for access for community groups and local governments. He was part of the planning for the Environment and Society Institute, and served on the founding Steering Committee.

Professor Gardella has been active in program development in undergraduate research, interdisciplinary studies, service learning and other academic reform areas. He is the UB representative to the Western New York Service Learning Coalition (WNYSLC, www.wnyslc.org). Gardella is co-PI on the Community Linked Interdisciplinary Research (CLIR) program, funded by the Hewlett Foundation at SUNY Buffalo, to develop and sustain course based public service research as a means to increase the participation of undergraduates in integrative research or scholarly activity. He is also the Co-PI on the Professional Science Masters program in CAS, funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, developing innovative masters programs in the sciences. He serves as Program Director and Principal Investigator of the NIH funded Research Institute in Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering (RIBSE) (www.ribse.buffalo.edu), a summer interdisciplinary undergraduate research program

In the community, Joe currently serves as a volunteer or appointed advisor on a variety of community service projects, including the Buffalo Pest Management Board, he chairs the City of Buffalo Environmental Management Commission, serves on the Seneca Babcock Good Neighbor Committee and the Solid Waste Advisory Board of the City of Buffalo. He is Chair of the Steering Committee of the US Army Corp of Engineers Lake Ontario Ordnance Works Restoration Advisory Board (LOOW RAB) and a member of the Chemical Comittee of the RAB. He is presently a member of the Executive Committee of the Sierra Club Atlantic Chapter Niagara Group, and serves the statewide Atlantic Chapter as Chair of the Toxics committee and Political Committee. He also serves as Co-Chair of the Special Education Parent Advisory Committee for the Buffalo Public Schools, and is Chair Elect of the Board of Directors of Parent Network of WNY, an organization founded to support parents of special needs children. He has been a member of the Buffalo Public Schools Superintendent’s Advisory Group, the Parent Forum organizational panel, the Buffalo Public School Board’s Program Committee, and th

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Papers by Joseph Gardella

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2012

Zn-Cr alloyed coatings electrochemically deposited are of high interest for leading steel manufac... more Zn-Cr alloyed coatings electrochemically deposited are of high interest for leading steel manufacturing companies because of their novel properties and high corrosion resistance compared with conventional Zn coatings on steel. For tuning and optimizing the properties of the electrodeposited Zn-Cr coatings, a broad range of the deposition conditions must be studied. For this reason, two different types of material were investigated in this study, one with a low electrolyte temperature and one with an elevated electrolyte pH, compared with the standard values. Because different corrosion performance and delamination behaviour of the layers were observed for the two types, advanced surface analysis was conducted to understand the origin of this behaviour and to discover differences in the formation of the coatings. The topmost surface, the shallow subsurface region, and the whole bulk down to the coating-steel interface surface were analysed in detail by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution scanning Auger electron spectroscopy to determine the elemental and the chemical composition. For better understanding of the resulting layer structure, multiple reference samples and materials were measured and their Auger and XPS spectra were fitted to the experimental data. The results showed that one coating type is composed of metallic Zn and Cr, with oxide residing only on the surface and interface, whereas the other type contains significant amounts of Zn and Cr oxides throughout the whole coating thickness.

Macromolecules, Jun 1, 2000

This paper presents a new approach for studying the hydrolytic degradation kinetics of biodegrada... more This paper presents a new approach for studying the hydrolytic degradation kinetics of biodegradable polymers using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF SIMS). In this study, in vitro hydrolytic degradation of polyglycolic acid (PGA) has been carried out at 37 °C in aqueous saline buffer solutions of different pH values. The molecular weight distribution of hydrolysis products was obtained from the ToF SIMS spectra. The average molecular weight of the hydrolysis products calculated from the ToF SIMS spectra is a function of hydrolysis time. Hydrolysis kinetics equations for PGA based on solid/liquid heterogeneous reaction conditions are established. A good linear relationship was obtained using this kinetics equation. The reaction rates observed in this study generally agree with observations reported in the literature. Kinetics constants for the hydrolytic degradation of PGA at different pH values have been obtained. This new approach demonstrates that ToF SIMS can be a powerful and fast t...

Macromolecules, Oct 12, 1999

The in vitro hydrolytic degradation at the surface of six biodegradable polymers, namely polyglyc... more The in vitro hydrolytic degradation at the surface of six biodegradable polymers, namely polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), random copolymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), poly(sebacic acid) (PSA), and two random copolymer poly(fumaric-co-sebacic) acid (PFS) of different compositions, has been studied using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF SIMS). A distribution of hydrolysis products, namely oligomer molecules, were observed as a series of intact molecular ions in the ToF SIMS spectra for all polymers studied. In most cases, the molecular ion peak in each repeating pattern is the most intense peak. Analysis of the intensities of the molecular ions in the distribution (e.g., approaching Mn) allows chemical kinetic information to be obtained from the ToF SIMS spectra of hydrolyzed samples. In the case of polyglycolic acid, a maximum in the distribution of the molecular ion peaks is observed which changes with respect to the hydrolysis time. For PGA, the average molec...

Surface Science, Feb 1, 1985

MatSciRN: Drug Delivery (Topic), 2019

(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogel copolymers are ideal growth factor delivery vehi... more (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogel copolymers are ideal growth factor delivery vehicles for wound healing purposes. However, copolymer surfaces often exhibit micron-scale phase segregation that can influence the behavior of proteins, cells, and tissues in contact with the surface. In this work, we used time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), total internal reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, and confocal microscopy to evaluate the effects of HEMA, HEMA/5% methyl methacrylate (HEMA/MMA), and HEMA/5% methacrylic acid (HEMA/MAA) copolymer surface chemistry on protein localization, surface concentration, release profiles, and 3D distribution. We evaluated polymers releasing Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF), and polymers co-releasing KGF, Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA (PDGF-AA). First, we characterized differences in the identity, shape, and size of pores at the polymer surfaces. Then, we found that phase segregation at the HEMA/MMA and HEMA/MAA copolymer surfaces increased localization, surface concentration and release of KGF in comparison to HEMA homopolymers. We also observed higher concentrations of KGF distributed throughout the first few microns of the copolymers. In the case of tandem growth factor release, increased interactions between the HEMA/MMA and HEMA/MAA copolymer surfaces and KGF, EGF, and PDGF-AA induced colocalization of KGF and PDGF-AA, causing KGF delivery to impede PDGF-AA delivery. In contrast, the HEMA homopolymer kept each growth factor spatially segregated, showed the least amount of colocalization, and efficiently delivered all three growth factors. We expect the observed differences between polymers to induce differential biological response in future cell-based assays modeling wound healing.

Biointerphases, 2019

The need for direct biomaterial-based delivery of growth factors to wound surfaces to aid in woun... more The need for direct biomaterial-based delivery of growth factors to wound surfaces to aid in wound healing emphasizes the importance of interfacial interactions between the biomaterial and the wound surface. These interactions include the spatial localization of growth factor, the surface intensity of growth factor in contact with the wound, and the release profile of growth factor to the wound surface. The authors report the use of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to determine the relationship between biomaterial surface chemistry and the spatial localization of growth factor. They have implemented a novel application of total internal reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to measure the surface intensity and release of growth factor in contact with a glass substrate that has been used to model a wound surface. Detailed information regarding TIRF experiments has been included to aid in future studies regarding the biomaterial delivery to interfaces. The authors h...

Journal of Applied Physics, 2019

We characterized unintentionally doped β-(Al0.19Ga0.81)2O3 for its structural, band, and electric... more We characterized unintentionally doped β-(Al0.19Ga0.81)2O3 for its structural, band, and electrical properties by using a variety of material and electrical characterization methods such as atom probe tomography (APT), transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), capacitance-voltage measurement, and a temperature dependent forward current-voltage measurement. A 115 nm thick β-(Al0.19Ga0.81)2O3 film was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Sn doped Ga2O3 substrates. Reciprocal space mapping shows a lattice matched (Al0.19Ga0.81)2O3 layer. Both APT and TEM results confirm a sharp β-(Al0.19Ga0.81)2O3/β-Ga2O3 interface. XPS measurements show conduction band offsets of 2.78 ± 0.25 eV and 0.79 ± 0.25 eV between the SiO2/β-(Al0.19Ga0.81)2O3 and β-(Al0.19Ga0.81)2O3/β-Ga2O3 interfaces, respectively. Extracted room temperature Schottky Barrier Heights (SBHs) after zero field correction for Pt, Ni, and Ti were 2.98 ± 0.25 eV, 2.81 ± 0.25 eV, and 1.81 ± 0.25 eV, respe...

MRS Bulletin, 1996

The surface science of polymer materials has recently grown to a dynamic field, largely because o... more The surface science of polymer materials has recently grown to a dynamic field, largely because of application in such areas as composite materials, wetting, coatings, adhesion, friction, and biocompatibility. The synthesis of new polymer materials, resulting in desired polymer-surface structures and composition, has become more sophisticated and is driving the development of new spectroscopic probes and continuing evolution of more established methods.A good example of how instrumentation development has led to better applications in polymer-surface science is to follow the growth of studies using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)—also called electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). ESCA is now routinely used to obtain surface composition of polymers, and to follow processing steps and degradation chemistry. Advances in instrumentation have driven many of these more sophisticated applications.Nevertheless, to improve the understanding of polymer-surface chemistry, m...

Advances in Chemistry, 1983

North Carolina medical journal, 1995

1. NC Med J. 1995 Feb;56(2):106-10. Eugenic sterilization in America and North Carolina. Gardella... more 1. NC Med J. 1995 Feb;56(2):106-10. Eugenic sterilization in America and North Carolina. Gardella JE. First Charlotte Physicians, 28204. PMID: 7898584 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Publication Types: Historical Article. MeSH Terms. ...

The chemical composition of the top surface of ZnSe etched with 1HCl:1H_2O solution has been inve... more The chemical composition of the top surface of ZnSe etched with 1HCl:1H_2O solution has been investigated with time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TOF-SIMS depth profile measurements s how that the oxide layer of ZnSe is removed by etching in this solution for one minute, followed by a subsequent one-minute rinse in H_2O. Depth profile of the untreated ZnSe surface was also studied with XPS, which suggests that Se oxide only exists near the surface (within the top 10% of the oxide layer). The change in Zn Auger parameter with depth also indicates that the remaining oxygen is mainly chemically bonded to Zn. High resolution XPS measurements of the etched ZnSe show no detectable Se oxide peak at the surface. Meanwhile, the Zn Auger parameter is similiar to that of the unetched ZnSe after its oxide layer is removed by sputtering. Both experiments show that longer etching time results in Zn-deficiency and more Cl contamina...

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advanced Research in Virtual and Rapid Prototyping, Leiria, Portugal, 28 September - 1 October, 2011, 2011

Spectroscopy Letters, 1980

Abstract Positive and negative ion mass spectra of organic polymers were recorded using the Laser... more Abstract Positive and negative ion mass spectra of organic polymers were recorded using the Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis (LAMMA) technique. The mass spectra are characteristic of both the hydrocarbon backbone of simple straight-chain polymers [polyethylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and poly(tetrafluoroethylene)] and of slight changes in side chain functionality [poly (phenyl methacrylate) and poly (benzyl methacrylate)]. The spectra show ion clusters having masses up to and beyond the monomer unit. This study indicates the power of the LAMMA technique for organic polymer materials analysis. Preliminary analysis of the mass patterns is given for the most probable positive and negative molecular cluster ions formed.

Polymer, 1992

The surface structure and bulk compositions of random copolymer systems based on poly (N-vinylpyr... more The surface structure and bulk compositions of random copolymer systems based on poly (N-vinylpyridine) (N =2,4) and poly(N-vinylimidazole) copolymerized with polystyrene were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X.p.s.) or electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTi.r.) and static secondary ion mass spectrometry (s.i.m.s.). The spectroscopic results were correlated with morphology determined from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The X.p.s. results from solution-cast thick films and films cast at the air/water interface from poly(N-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) copolymers indicate equivalent surface and bulk compositions for all angle-and energy-dependent measurements, which are further supported by FTi.r. and EM analyses. On the other hand, surface enrichment of polystyrene was observed in angle-dependent X.p.s. analysis of poly(N-vinylimidazole-co-styrene) preparations. Attenuated total reflectance and transmission i,r. peak intensity ratios are equivalent, which suggests that segregation of polystyrene in the poly(N-vinylimidazole-co-styrene) system is localized to a region less than 30 A from the air/polymer interface. In addition, the s.i.m.s, technique was shown to be sensitive to structural differences arising from pH changes as well as to the detection of dimer ions in these systems.

Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 2012

ABSTRACT We report studies of two key factors involved in the use of MnAs as a spin injector, nam... more ABSTRACT We report studies of two key factors involved in the use of MnAs as a spin injector, namely, Mn diffusion and spin injection properties when it is grown on GaAs-based semiconductor heterostructures. Depth profile of Mn concentration in a sample consisting of a MnAs film grown on GaAs is investigated with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The result shows that Mn diffusion into GaAs is negligible, unlike the case of Ga1−x Mnx As/GaAs, in which Mn diffusion is significant. Meanwhile, robust spin injection is observed with MnAs as a spin injector for a GaAs-based light emitting diode, persisting up to room temperature.

Journal of Applied Physics, 1999

The effect of spacers in modulation-doped Zn1−xCdxSe/ZnSe:Cl multiple quantum wells (MD-MQWs) was... more The effect of spacers in modulation-doped Zn1−xCdxSe/ZnSe:Cl multiple quantum wells (MD-MQWs) was investigated by photoluminescence (PL) and time-of-flight secondary-ion-mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). A comparison was made between structures with and without spacers as a function of annealing temperature. The diffusion of Cl and Cd was monitored by TOF-SIMS depth profiling and photoluminescence. Although TOF-SIMS does not show any significant diffusion of Cl and Cd in both structures at temperatures up to 385 °C, the PL results indicate the modification of optical properties in the Zn1−xCdxSe/ZnSe:Cl MD-MQWs due to annealing. Up to an annealing temperature of 385 °C, the MD-MQWs with spacers show superior optical quality in the quantum well regions, while quenching of the quantum well band-edge PL and strong enhancement of deep-level emission were observed from the MD-MQWs without spacers. This phenomenon suggests that the radiative deep-level emission may provide more efficient chan...

Biomaterials, 1992

The physical, chemical and electrical properties of synthetic guidance devices are known to influ... more The physical, chemical and electrical properties of synthetic guidance devices are known to influence nerve regeneration in vivo. In the present study, neurons were cultured directly on electrically charged polymer growth substrates to determine if local electrical charges enhance nerve fibre outgrowth in vitro. Piezoelectric polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) generate transient surface charges under minute mechanical strain. Mouse neuroblastoma (Nb2a) cells were cultured directly on electrically poled (i.e. piezoelectric) and unpoled (i.e. nonpiezoelectric) PVDF substrates in serum-free and serum-containing media. Nerve fibre outgrowth was analysed 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after plating. Piezoelectric PVDF substrates generated 2-3 mV at 1200 Hz when placed on standard incubator shelves and unpoled PVDF substrates showed no output. Nb2a cells grown on piezoelectric substrates exhibited significantly greater levels of process outgrowth and neurite lengths at all time periods for both media conditions. Detailed surface characterization of PVDF substrates using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and a comprehensive wettability profile revealed that poled and unpoled PVDF was chemically indistinguishable and showed similar surface wettabilities and adhesive properties. Therefore, we conclude that enhanced process outgrowth was induced by the film's piezoelectric output, making poled PVDF a unique biomaterial for which cell/polymer interactions are mediated predominantly through bulk electrical properties rather than surface properties.

Applied Surface Science, 1988

... Surface Science 31 (1988) 72-102 North-Holland, Amsterdam REVIEW RECENT ADVANCES IN ION ... I... more ... Surface Science 31 (1988) 72-102 North-Holland, Amsterdam REVIEW RECENT ADVANCES IN ION ... ISS studies will demonstrate recent work from this laboratory which was the first ... ESCA data manipulation (peak fitting, integration, background subtraction) utilizes this system. ...

Applied Surface Science, 1991

Polymers and biological materials appear at first sight difficult materials for surface studies, ... more Polymers and biological materials appear at first sight difficult materials for surface studies, because of: (1) intrinsic difficulties to handle sufficiently pure compounds and thus reproducible samples, (2) possible degradation with time in vacuum, or under exciting (electrons, ions, or photons) beam, (3) the uncertainty that still remains on the effective sample-depth below the material surface. With the help of monochromatized and the spatially resolved XPS data on Langmuir-Blodgett films (from arachidic yd behenic acids and from polyvinylstearate with varying thickness (from 1 to 11 layers)), deposited onto rough silver foils (400 A SEM), we show that (1). in general, the films are extremely fragile regarding their handling, that (2) they are homogeneous on the substrate (on a 300 pm scale), and (3) they age significantly in air or in vacuum, or under X-ray exposure (losing some material quantity, either some carbon or some oxygen functionalities). Polymer LB films like polyvinylstearate are, however, more "homogeneous" and stable systems, as expected.