Akbar Tahir | Universitas Hasanuddin (original) (raw)

Papers by Akbar Tahir

Scientific reports, 2015

The ubiquity of anthropogenic debris in hundreds of species of wildlife and the toxicity of chemi... more The ubiquity of anthropogenic debris in hundreds of species of wildlife and the toxicity of chemicals associated with it has begun to raise concerns regarding the presence of anthropogenic debris in seafood. We assessed the presence of anthropogenic debris in fishes and shellfish on sale for human consumption. We sampled from markets in Makassar, Indonesia, and from California, USA. All fish and shellfish were identified to species where possible. Anthropogenic debris was extracted from the digestive tracts of fish and whole shellfish using a 10% KOH solution and quantified under a dissecting microscope. In Indonesia, anthropogenic debris was found in 28% of individual fish and in 55% of all species. Similarly, in the USA, anthropogenic debris was found in 25% of individual fish and in 67% of all species. Anthropogenic debris was also found in 33% of individual shellfish sampled. All of the anthropogenic debris recovered from fish in Indonesia was plastic, whereas anthropogenic debr...

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics

Coastal waters of Makassar, including two estuaries, Jeneberang River and Tallo River received ma... more Coastal waters of Makassar, including two estuaries, Jeneberang River and Tallo River received many input of metals from the upland of water bodies and the mainland, in the form of industrial and municipal wastes. This study aims to determine the spatial distribution patterns of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn total concentration and bioavailable fractions in coastal sediments of Makassar. The study was conducted in the coastal waters of Makassar, from estuary of Jeneberang River to estuary of Tallo River. All metals analysis were conducted with dry, <63 μm grain size sediment samples. Metal speciation in sediments was determined using the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) three steps sequential that extract exchangeable and acid soluble fraction, reducible, and oxidizable. Spatial distribution patterns of metals in the sediments was interpolated by using Geographical Information System (GIS), the block kriging (BK) with Arc View computer program. Spatial distribution of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn ...

Research on heavy metal analysis in water column, sediment and organisms at Kayangan Island - Mak... more Research on heavy metal analysis in water column, sediment and organisms at Kayangan Island - Makassar City, was conducted. Samples from water column, sediment, macrozoobenthos, sponge, stony and soft corals were collected from four stations around Khayangan Island for analysis of their lead (Pb) content. Kayangan Island is one of established domestic tourist destinations and is part of Spermonde archipelago located at Northern part of Makassar. The island is within the vicinity of Makassar City, which is one of a densely populated city in Eastern Indonesia, surrounded by Makassar Sea Port and Ship Industry Area (PT. IKI), and relatively influenced by Tallo River mouth where Makassar Industrial Estates (PT. KIMA) drained their wastewater. With this circumstance, Kayangan Island surrounding waters is suspected to be heavily loaded with pollutants from human activities. Concentrations of Pb from all samples were measured with Atomic Absorbance Spectrophotometer. Data analysis on Pb co...

The study was conducted in the coastal waters of Makassar, from estuary of Jeneberang River to es... more The study was conducted in the coastal waters of Makassar, from estuary of Jeneberang River to estuary of Tallo River. All metals analysis were conducted with dry, <63 μm grain size sediment samples. Metal speciation in sediments was determined using the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) three steps sequential that extract exchangeable and acid soluble fraction, reducible, and oxidizable fraction. Benthic organisms sampled were polychaeta (worms) representing the deposit feeder, and bivalves (clams) representing the filter feeder. Total metal concentration in soft tissue was extracted by wet destruction. Metal accumulation in worms (deposit feeder) associates with fraction 2 (reducible) and fraction 3 (oxidizable) because the content of TOC and BOT are high on the sediment, while the accumulation of metals in shellfish (filter feeder) is related to the fraction 1 (acid reducible), in addition to the content of organic matter in the sediment. Key words : metals, sediment, specia...

Distribution of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) content on water colomn and bivalves were studied al... more Distribution of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) content on water colomn and bivalves were studied along the coast of Makassar and were conducted on January 2011. The results showed concentration of Cd and Cu in the water column was found higher in the southern area of the city, those are estuarine of Jeneberang River (0.04 ± 0.004 mg / L) and Losari Beach area (0.03 ± 0.004 mg / L) than in the north of the city, namely Paotere (0.02 ± 0.004 mg / L) and estuarine of Tallo River (0.01 ± 0.002 mg / L). Cd in mussels generally detected at all stations, the highest found in the area of Losari Beach (0.34 mg / kg), while Cu was detected only at Paotere and Tallo and the highest was in the area of Paotere (22.10 mg / kg). Parameter strongly associated with Cd and Cu content in mussels was the presence of DOM (dissolved organic matters) in the water column. Keywords : cadmium, copper, bivalves, water colomn

The presence of metals in sediment, could have an adverse effect on benthic biota and other organ... more The presence of metals in sediment, could have an adverse effect on benthic biota and other organisms in the food chain, but the total concentration of metals in the water are not always positively correlated with the responses that arise in biota. Therefore, research on metal distribution and speciation of Pb and Cd conducted in coastal sediments Makssar City in January 2011. Fractionation method used was the method of BCR-three sequential extraction steps that resulted in three fractions, namely acid soluble fraction(acid soluble, F1), easily reducible fraction (reducible, F2), and the fractions were easily oxidized (oxidazible, F3 ). Results showed Pb dominated by fractions 2 and 3, while Cd is dominated by the fraction 1 and 2 at almost all sites. Canal Paotere is the most prone to contamination of both metals, as Pb and Cd in fraction 1 (the most bioavailable) appear high in that area. Keywords : lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), sediment, speciation, coastal, Makassar City

This research was performed on the coastal waters of Makassar City, including Jeneberang and Tall... more This research was performed on the coastal waters of Makassar City, including Jeneberang and Tallo estuaries and two small islands within vicinities. Metal concentrations was measured on sediment size less than 63 μm, while the concentration of CaCO3 in water column was determined with Warth-Pfeiffer method. High concentrations of Cu and Zn were found almost at all sample locations, whilst Pb at five locations and Cd at only 3 locations. High sediment metals concentrations were closely related to activities such as city development, ship harbours and recreational island. For the water column carbonate were found in medium to high concentrations particularly on waters with high sediment Zn contents. Using the Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed weak correlation between Cd (r2 = 0.63 ; p < 0.01) and Cu (r2 = 0.55 ; p < 0.05) with carbonate concentrations. Key words : metals, sediment, carbonate, water column.

This research were conducted to find out the bacterial species associated with growth anomaly (GA... more This research were conducted to find out the bacterial species associated with growth anomaly (GA) in stony coral. Infected GA coral samples were collected with scuba diving at three different islands of Spermonde archipelago. Bacterial isolation was conducted with 1 ml coral mucus stored at 4o C. Bacterial purification were done by inoculating the mucus at sterile sea water medium, then followed with Gram staining and biochemical tests. Bacterial identification were performed based on colony morphological forms and biochemical tests result. The results showed that GA diseases causative agent were able to infect corals Porites, Acropora digitate, Acropora tabulate, Acropora branching and Fungi. While the bacterial species found were Flavobacterium uliginosum, Flavobacterium halmephilum, Flavobacterium sp., Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Neiseria sp. All genus of bacteria were found to be pathogen on both human and other marine organisms.

This is the first study on coral diseases in the island Kodingareng Lompo. This study aims to det... more This is the first study on coral diseases in the island Kodingareng Lompo. This study aims to determine the diseases that infect stony corals. Surveys were conducted using belt transects measuring 30 x 2 m. Infected coral disease diagnostics in water by using the Loupe and diagnose diseases that can not be analyzed in the laboratory with the aid of a microscope. Observations found 4 diseases that infect corals are: Ulcerative White Spots (UWS) in Porites; Brown and disease (BRB) in Acropora brancing; White syndrome (WS) on Favites; Growth anomaly in Seriatopora and Compromised health competition, pigment response, bioreder, and predation.

Berkala ilmu kedokteran

Puji Astuti, Sylvia Tunjung Utami, Triana Hertiani, Gemini Alam, Akbar Tahir, Subagus Wahyuono -M... more Puji Astuti, Sylvia Tunjung Utami, Triana Hertiani, Gemini Alam, Akbar Tahir, Subagus Wahyuono -Marine Sponge Jaspis sp, A Potential Bioactive Natural Source against Infectious diseases Background: The emergence of drug resistant and multidrug-resistant TB and malaria strains as well as the lack of any current chemotherapy augmented the necessity to search for new and better anti-TB, malaria, toxoplasmosis and other anti-infective drug leads Objective: This study aims to screen potential anti infective extracts collected from Barrang Lompo island and report on their antibacterial and antifungal properties. Methods: Testing for anti-infective agents was conducted using dilution method. Nutrient Agar was used as the testing media and nutrient broth for the inoculation of microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella thipii were used as the testing bacteria and Candida albicans for the testing fungi. Chloramfenicol was used as positive control for antibacterial testing and ketocozaole for anti fungal testing. Results: From the 11 acetone extracts tested. BL-02. BL-09. BL-iO and BL-12 was found to inhibit the erowth of microorganisms and the extract of BL-10 was found to be the most active. Autobiography results suggest that the polar fractions were responsible for the growth inhibition Conclusion the polar fraction of acetone extract of BL-10 was considered to be potential compounds for further characterization as anti infective agents.

Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Natural Products are the major source of lead compounds for drugs against cancer. Marine inverteb... more Natural Products are the major source of lead compounds for drugs against cancer. Marine invertebrates are known as rich sources of compounds having unique chemical structures and potential bioactivities. This study was aimed to screen potential anticancer axtracts of sponges collected from Barrang Lompo Island and the result was reported on their toxicity against larvae Artemia salina Leach.

Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 1996

ABSTRACT DabLimanda limandakidney macrophages were isolated by adherance to tissue culture plates... more ABSTRACT DabLimanda limandakidney macrophages were isolated by adherance to tissue culture plates and their respiratory burst activity subsequently analysed. Several seeding cell concentrations were tested, with 107and 2×107cells ml−1giving significant respiratory burst activity. Respiratory burst activity of the isolated macrophages was also investigated following a preincubation for 24h or 48h with a variety of concentrations of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor α(rTNFα),β-glucan, Concanavalin-A (Con-A) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). All four stimulants were able to up-regulate dab macrophage respiratory burst activity at particular concentrations, especially after a 48h incubation when 6·25 and 12·5iuml−1rTNFα, 0·125, 0·25 and 0·5μgml−1β-glucan, 1·25 and 2·5μgml−1Con-A and 3·125, 6·25, 12·5, 25 and 50μgml−1LPS induced significant increases. LPS and Con-A gave the largest relative increases in activity. However, the highest concentrations tested (50 and 100iuml−1rTNFα, 2, 4 and 8μgml−1β-glucan, 80μgml−1Con-A and 200μgml−1LPS) were inhibitory. The data are discussed in relation to the mode of action of each compound and the usefulness of such assays in pollution monitoring.

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1995

The potential suppressive effect of oil-pollution in the aquatic environment on fish immune respo... more The potential suppressive effect of oil-pollution in the aquatic environment on fish immune responses was investigated by injecting rainbow trout (Oncorhychus mykiss) with an extract obtained from diesel oil-based drilling mud. To investigate the effect of the extract dose, 4 groups of 6 fish were exposed to 0, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 mL extract/Kg body weight (B.W.). To keep the injection volume constant, each extract dose was made up 2.4 mL/Kg B.W. with olive oil. Six weeks later the fish were sacrificed and a number of immmune parameters monitored. In a second experiment, the effect of exposure times was investigated. Fish wee exposed to 2.4 mL extract/Kg B.W., 2.4 mL olive oil/Kg B.W., or 2.4 mL saline/Kg B.W. and immune parameters were monitored 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks post-injection. In the dose response experiment, there was no significant effect of the extract on serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and haemolytic complement (CH50) activity, but a suppressive effect on serum lysozyme level was found using the 0.6 mL/Kg dose. This dose also elevated proliferative activity of head kidney lymphocytes in response to the mitogen PHA. In the second experiment, investigating exposure time, again no significant overall effect on serum Ig or lysozyme level and CH50 activity was observed, although Ig levels were significantly lower at week two relative to the other groups. However, both extract- and olive oil-injected fish showed significantly lower lysozyme levels compared with the saline-injected (control) fish throughout the experiment. In contrast, at week six post-exposure, head kidney lymphocyte proliferation was significantly elevated in both the extract- and olive oil-exposed fish relative to the control fish.

Aquatic Toxicology, 1993

Dab Limanda limanda (L.), were exposed to sediment containing 4, 8, 12 and 16% (w/w) diesel oil-b... more Dab Limanda limanda (L.), were exposed to sediment containing 4, 8, 12 and 16% (w/w) diesel oil-based drilling mud. After 2 and 4 weeks of exposure a number of immune parameters were monitored. There was a tendency to increased haematocrits and lymphocyte numbers at low diesel oil doses, whereas high doses (particularly with longer exposure) gave significantly decreased values. Serum lysozyme levels were decreased, but serum bactericidal and anti-protease activities tended to increase following exposure. Kidney phagocyte respiratory burst activity and cell migration also showed a trend to lower levels relative to control fish, whereas the number of antibody-secreting cells from the kidney were increased with high drilling mud concentration. Lastly, there was a dose-dependent hepatomegaly.

Journal of Natural Products, 2001

The MeOH extract of an Indonesia Eudistoma sp. ascidian contained 1,3,O(7)-trimethylisoxanthopter... more The MeOH extract of an Indonesia Eudistoma sp. ascidian contained 1,3,O(7)-trimethylisoxanthopterin (1), a novel pteridine. The purification of 1 was achieved through flash C(18) chromatography and cyano HPLC. The structure was determined primarily through the use of (1)H-(13)C and (1)H-(15)N HMBC measurements and comparison with data obtained for 1,3,7-trimethylguanine (2).

Plastics represent the latest contaminant in the marine environment. Although plastics without d... more Plastics represent the latest contaminant in the marine environment. Although
plastics without doubt represent a uniquely valuable material particularly in construction,
packaging and fishing gear applications. Current research on plastic debris in digestive
tract content of pelagic fish is part of ongoing collaboration between University of
Hasanuddin and University of California at Davis. Locally caught and consumed Silverside
(Stolephorusheterolobus) or widely known as anchovies has been the subject on this studies.
Freshly landed fish were collected from Paotere fish market, which is also the biggest fish
wholesale location at Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. At laboratory fish digestive
tracts were removed and digested in 10% KOH at 60o C overnight, followed with plastic
particles observation using binocular microscope. Four out of 10 fish investigated were found
to contained plastic particles in their digestive tract. This is the first work on plastic debris in
fish gut ever conducted in the region, which is in accordance to previous works on plastics
debris elsewhere and will be further discussed for their possible effects, both on food safety
and human toxicology.
Keywords: Plastics particle; digestive tract; Stolephorus heterolobus

Journal of Natural Products, 1999

The MeOH extract of an undescribed Eudistoma sp. ascidian was found to contain the known -carboli... more The MeOH extract of an undescribed Eudistoma sp. ascidian was found to contain the known -carboline trypargine (3); the two novel trypargine derivatives trypargimine (4) and 1-carboxytrypargine (5); and 3′,5′-dibromo-4′-methoxyphenethylamine (6). The structures of the novel trypargine derivatives were elucidated through the use of mass spectrometry and NMR. The trypargine isolated in this study was found to be nearly racemic in contrast to the previously described isolate which was chiroptically pure. Other previously described compounds detected in the MeOH extract include 4-hydroxyphenylacetamide, tryptamine, 1,3,7-trimethylguanine, and tetrahydropentoxyline .

Cheminform, 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was e... more ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.