Filip Johnsson | Chalmers University of Technology (original) (raw)

Papers by Filip Johnsson

Energies

The implementation of electricity-charged thermochemical energy storage (TCES) using high-tempera... more The implementation of electricity-charged thermochemical energy storage (TCES) using high-temperature solid cycles would benefit the energy system by enabling the absorption of variable renewable energy (VRE) and its conversion into dispatchable heat and power. Using a Swedish case study, this paper presents a process for TCES-integrated district heating (DH) production, assesses its technical suitability, and discusses some practical implications and additional implementation options. The mass and energy flows of a biomass plant retrofitted with an iron-based redox loop are calculated for nine specific scenarios that exemplify its operation under electricity generation mixes that differ with respect to variability and price. In addition, the use of two types of electrolyzers (low-temperature and high-temperature versions) is investigated. The results show that for the Swedish case, the proposed scheme is technically feasible and capable of covering the national DH demand by making ...

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2021

When designing fluidised bed units a key to ensure efficient conversion is proper control of the ... more When designing fluidised bed units a key to ensure efficient conversion is proper control of the mixing of the fuel in both lateral and axial directions in the bed. In order to mechanistically describe the mixing of fuel particles in a fluidised bed, there is a need to determine the apparent viscosity of the gas-solids emulsion, which determines the drag on the fuel particles. In this work the apparent viscosity of a bed of spherical glass beads and air at minimum fluidisation was determined by means of the falling sphere method. Hereto the drag of the bed on a single immersed object was obtained by measuring the velocity of a negatively buoyant tracer with magnetic particle tracking (MPT). MPT allows for highly temporally and spatially resolved trajectories (10-3 s and 10-3 m, respectively) in all 3-dimensions. The bed consisted of glass beads with a narrow size distribution (215 to 250 μm) and tracers with a size from 5 to 20 mm and densities from 4340 to 7500 kg/m3 were used. Hen...

This work discusses the potential for deployment of BECCS in Swedish basic industry as part of th... more This work discusses the potential for deployment of BECCS in Swedish basic industry as part of the portfolio of technologies and policy measures required to meet near zero emission targets. Since existing policy measures are too weak to incentivize investments in CCS/BECCS at a scale that would be in parity with the emission reductions required, and, since measures that could stimulate reductions in biogenic carbon dioxide emissions are still absent, we also explore key steps required to lay the groundwork for CCS/BECCS deployment. This includes; e.g., RD&D funding, governmental risk sharing and state funding to 1st of the kind projects, support for niche markets (e.g. through public/private procurement), market making for zero- (and/or negative-) CO2 products, and adaptation of infrastructure policies.

Iron-and-steel making is a carbon-intensive industry and responsible for about 8% of global CO2 e... more Iron-and-steel making is a carbon-intensive industry and responsible for about 8% of global CO2 emissions. Meeting CO2 reduction targets is challenging, since carbon is inherent in the dominating production route in blast furnaces. Long-term plans to phase out carbon and change production technique are under way, such as iron ore reduction with hydrogen[1][2] won from renewable energies or electro winning[3], however unlikely to be implemented at scale before 2040 [4]. Until a transition to such technologies is completed, carbon leakage will remain to be a threat to steel industry inside EU ETS system. CCS remains an option for steel industry to comply with reduction targets and meet rising allowance (EUA) prices, currently above 20 €/t. Most studies on CCS propose a capture rate of ≥ 90 %[5–7], however, CCS could be considered as a part of a series of measures (e.g. fuel change, energy efficiency measures) that together achieve a significant reduction in CO2 emissions until a carbo...

This paper reports from initial case study work, with the aim to analyse transformative roadmaps ... more This paper reports from initial case study work, with the aim to analyse transformative roadmaps for the supply chains for buildings and transportation infrastructure. The work is part of the Mistra Carbon Exit research programme, which addresses and identifies the technical, economic and political challenges for Sweden to reach the target of net zero greenhouse-gas emissions by 2045. The case study work gathers some 30 stakeholders, along the supply chain from building materials to end products in the form of buildings and infrastructure. The work is structured as a participatory integrated assessment and this paper provides an analysis based on the first stages of the assessment process. The aim of the first participatory workshop and case study meetings was to capture a wide range of perspectives with regards means available to tackle the challenge of radically reducing the climate impact from the building and infrastructure sector. This includes exploring: 1. Measures/tools to r...

The iron and steel industry is one of the industries with the largest global contribution to CO2 ... more The iron and steel industry is one of the industries with the largest global contribution to CO2 emissions. Possible mitigation options include use of biomass and carbon capture and storage. Combining these two mitigation options, this study evaluates the potential for BECCS at an integrated steel mill in Sweden. The injection of pulverized biocoal from torrefaction or pyrolysis into a blast furnace and CO2 capture by amine absorption of the blast furnace gas leaving at the top of the furnace can reduce CO2 site emissions by up to 61 %, when accounting for negative emissions (biogenic CO2 being captured). The mitigation cost are estimated to 43 – 100 € per tonne CO2 avoided, depending primarily on biomass prices and the share of biomass used in the process (the study assumes a cost effective capture rate of 84%). Besides a reduction in CO2 emissions, the study highlights the potential for green by-products from injecting biogenic carbon into the blast furnace in the form of renewabl...

arXiv: Physics and Society, 2017

To meet the 2°C target and, in particular the 1.5°C target defined in the Paris Agreement, rapid ... more To meet the 2°C target and, in particular the 1.5°C target defined in the Paris Agreement, rapid scaling-up of BECCS (Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage) and other negative emissions technologies (NETs) is essential. Recent research on BECCS has mainly focused on biophysical and sustainability limitations to multi-Gigatonne deployment in the latter half of this century. However, this paper focuses on the critical short-term opportunities for immediate deployment, considering solely existing bio-energy facilities in Sweden as a case study. We show that the immediate potential for BECCS in this country amounts to 20 Mt annually. This corresponds to 39% of total GHG emissions in 2014 in Sweden. The current costs for implementing BECCS at this level is compared to the present carbon taxes and other incentives. We show that including BECCS in the carbon tax incentive mechanism at current incentive levels would yield 16.7 Mt of negative emissions annually with an estimated societa...

Frontiers in Chemical Engineering, 2020

This work investigates the effects of carbon allocation on the emission intensities of low-carbon... more This work investigates the effects of carbon allocation on the emission intensities of low-carbon products cogenerated in facilities that co‐process biogenic and fossil feedstocks and apply the carbon capture utilization and storage technology. Thus, these plants simultaneously sequester CO2 and synthesize fuels or chemicals. We consider an integrated steel mill that injects biomass into the blast furnace, captures CO2 for storage, and ferments CO into ethanol from the blast furnace gas. We examine two schemes to allocate the CO2 emissions avoided [due to the renewable feedstock share (biomass) and CO2 capture and storage (CCS)] to the products of steel, ethanol, and electricity (generated through the combustion of steel mill waste gases): 1) allocation by (carbon) mass, which represents actual carbon flows, and 2) a free-choice attribution that maximizes the renewable content allocated to electricity and ethanol. With respect to the chosen assumptions on process performance and hea...

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021

Frontiers in Energy Research, 2021

In this paper, we define indicators, with a focus on the electricity sector, that translate the r... more In this paper, we define indicators, with a focus on the electricity sector, that translate the results of energy systems modelling to quantitative entities that can facilitate assessments of the transitions required to meet stringent climate targets. Such indicators, which are often overlooked in model scenario presentations, can be applied to make the modelling results more accessible and are useful for managing the transition on the policy level, as well as for internal evaluations of modelling results. We propose a set of 13 indicators related to: 1) the resource and material usages in modelled energy system designs; 2) the rates of transition from current to future energy systems; and 3) the energy security in energy system modelling results. To illustrate its value, the proposed set of indicators is applied to energy system scenarios derived from an electricity system investment model for Northern Europe. We show that the proposed indicators are useful for facilitating discuss...