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Books by Lars-Ola Bligård

Research paper thumbnail of ACD3 - Utvecklingsprocessen ur ett människa-maskinperspektiv

Nu finns boken som beskriver ACD3-processen för fri nedladdning. ACD3-processen är ett nyutveckla... more Nu finns boken som beskriver ACD3-processen för fri nedladdning. ACD3-processen är ett nyutvecklat ramverk för utvecklingsarbete som synliggör designbesluten genom en tydlig struktur, men som tillåter flexibilitet för att inte hämma nyskapande och innovation. ACD3-processen stödjer en växelverkan mellan designarbete och kravsättning och lyfter fram aktivitetens och användningens roll för utformningen.
ACD3-processen bygger på vedertagna teorier och processer inom design, produktutveckling och human factors, men kombinerar ihop dem på ett samstämmigt sätt för att bättre stödja utvecklingsarbetet. ACD³ är en förkortning av AktivitetsCentrerad Design, och 3:an representerar de tre dimensioner som bygger upp processen: designnivåer, designperspektiv och designaktiviteter.
Boken riktar sig både till studenter och till yrkesverksamma ingenjörer och designers

Research paper thumbnail of PU2B-modellen - En introduktion till Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) utifrån användarcentrerad systemdesign

Idén till PU2B-modellen uppstod under en god måltid där författarna konstaterat att det trots myc... more Idén till PU2B-modellen uppstod under en god måltid där författarna konstaterat att det trots mycket kunskap, saknas effektiva former för tillämpningar när det kommer till ämnesområdena Human Factors och Systems engineering. Då vi båda nu varit verksamma tillräckligt länge för att själva anse oss ha tagit del av både teoretiska och praktiska aspekter av ämnesområdena, kunde det konstateras att det visst fanns riktigt bra metoder för både teoretiker och praktiker men att det saknades en enkel brygga mellan de två världarna.
Denna rapport presenterar den nya PU2B-modellen, vilken är ett försök i att på ett enkelt sätt möjliggöra en start av modellering på ett sätt som ska vara lättillgänglig och användbart. PU2B-modellen är också tänkt att överbrygga traditionella områden som marknad, användarnytta, användbarhet och teknisk lösning.
Fokus för skrivande av rapporten har varit att skapa ett material som presenterar modellen i ett sammanhang och visar på hur den kan användas praktiskt. Detta fokus har medfört att exemplen kanske ur vissa perspektiv inte presenteras formellt korrekt i alla delar. Om du kommit så här lång borde resten gå lätt, vi hoppas du har nytta av PU2B-modellen. Självklart tar vi gärna feedback!
Lars-Ola Bligård, Civilingenjör Elektroteknik. Teknologie Doktor Människa - Teknik - Design. Verksam som forskare inom Human Factors Engineering vid Chalmers tekniska högskola.
lars-ola.bligard@chalmers.se
Robert Nilsson, Civilingenjör Maskinteknik, Teknisk Licentiat Sjöfart och Marin teknik. Har arbetat med Human Factors och Systems Engineering från systems helhetsperspektiv för Saab AB, Altran Technologies och numera Volvo Car Group.
robert.nilsson.2@volvocars.com

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting mismatches in user-artefact interaction - Development of an analytical methodology to

ii -Predicting mismatches in user-artefact interaction Development of an analytical methodology t... more ii -Predicting mismatches in user-artefact interaction Development of an analytical methodology to support design work LARS-OLA BLIGÅRD ISBN 978-91-7385-744-4 © LARS-OLA BLIGÅRD, 2012. Doktorsavhandlingar vid Chalmers tekniska högskola Ny serie nr 3425 Sweden Telephone + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Cover: The structure of the methodology Combined Cognitive and Physical Evaluation (CCPE)

Research paper thumbnail of Utvecklingsprocessen ur ett människa-maskinperspektiv

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of Medical Device Usability Problems and Use Errors – An Improved Analytical Methodical Approach

Papers by Lars-Ola Bligård

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis and Development of User Interface for Home Care Airflow Generators

... Analysis and Development of User Interface for Home Care Airflow Generators. Författare och i... more ... Analysis and Development of User Interface for Home Care Airflow Generators. Författare och institution: Lars-Ola Bligård (Institutionen för produkt-och produktionsutveckling); Sofia Wass (Institutionen för produkt-och produktionsutveckling). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting mismatches in user–artefact interaction. Development of an analytical methodology to support design work

Research paper thumbnail of ACD³ - Utvecklingsprocessen ur ett människa-maskinperspektiv

ACD3-processen ar ett nyutvecklat ramverk for utvecklingsarbete som synliggor designbesluten geno... more ACD3-processen ar ett nyutvecklat ramverk for utvecklingsarbete som synliggor designbesluten genom en tydlig struktur, men som tillater flexibilitet for att inte hamma nyskapande och innovation. ACD3-processen stodjer en vaxelverkan mellan designarbete och kravsattning och lyfter fram aktivitetens och anvandningens roll for utformningen. ACD3-processen bygger pa vedertagna teorier och processer inom design, produktutveckling och human factors, men kombinerar ihop dem pa ett samstammigt satt for att battre stodja utvecklingsarbetet. ACD³ ar en forkortning av AktivitetsCentrerad Design, och 3:an representerar de tre dimensioner som bygger upp processen: designnivaer, designperspektiv och designaktiviteter. Boken riktar sig bade till studenter och till yrkesverksamma ingenjorer och designers.

Research paper thumbnail of Driving Simulator Studies - Opportunities to Elicit Important Knowledge from Experienced Truck Drivers

Twelve experienced truck drivers participated in a driving simulator study with the overall aim t... more Twelve experienced truck drivers participated in a driving simulator study with the overall aim to develop further knowledge on how driving postures are influenced by cab design features (e.g. head-up display and camera monitoring system (CMS). Objective data was collected on drivers' posture and subjective data on their experience of driving as well as thoughts on the new designs. The subjective data and the experience of the truck drivers brought additional value to the simulator studies in terms the pros and cons of different designs but also of suggestions how to improve the realism of the simulator; and reflections on drivers' behaviour in situations that did not exist in the simulator.

Research paper thumbnail of Visualising safety: The potential for using sociotechnical systems models in prospective safety assessment and design

Research paper thumbnail of The use of an analytical method to evaluate safety and ergonomics in service of forest machinery

The many hazards in forestry are due to the handling of large trees and large machinery in rough ... more The many hazards in forestry are due to the handling of large trees and large machinery in rough terrain and remote areas. Activities such as maintenance and repair work has been pointed out as especially hazardous in the highly mechanized cut to length method. Accidents are underreported, which emphasizes the need for a systematic approach for accident prevention. A possible procedure is the use of an analytical evaluation method to identify presumptive hazardous situations and ergonomic issues before accidents can occur. Previously, these type of methods have mainly been used in safety-critical branches such as in nuclear power and health care. To test them in a forestry context a study was performed on the service of forest machinery. A framework for evaluation, called CCPE (Combined Cognitive and Physical Evaluation) was selected and adapted for the study. The evaluation was successful in systematically unveiling what could happen in hazardous situations with regard to use error and ergonomic issues.

Research paper thumbnail of Risker vid service av skogsmaskiner - lägg band på tekniken!

Research paper thumbnail of PU2B-modellen - En introduktion till Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) utifrån användarcentrerad systemdesign

Research paper thumbnail of Enabling end-user participation in ship design

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of Medical Device Usability Problems and Use Errors - An Improved Analytical Methodical Approach

The aim of medical care is to make people healthier, and this is pursued with great success today... more The aim of medical care is to make people healthier, and this is pursued with great success today. Unfortunately, medical care also entails injuries to certain patients. Some of these injuries are caused by use errors. Research has shown that lack of usability of medical equipment ...

Research paper thumbnail of The power of the dollhouse: Comparing the use of full-scale, 1:16-scale and virtual 3D-models for user evaluation of workstation design

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Nov 1, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Involving users in a ship bridge re-design process using scenarios and mock-up models

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, May 1, 2016

The context for this study is the maritime domain and the design of shipboard workspaces. Due to ... more The context for this study is the maritime domain and the design of shipboard workspaces. Due to the globalized nature of shipping, the traditional approach to a participative ergonomics process can be a logistical challenge since stakeholders like designers, manufacturers and operators are often scattered both geographically and organizationally. The participative design study presented in this paper addresses this challenge by exploring the ability of three types of simple three-dimensional (3D) models to act as mediating objects for representative users in order to elicit design feedback in a use scenario-workshop format. The study found that all three types of 3D models, when coupled with a scenario description, elicited several types of useful design feedback that served not only as direct input to changing proposed design parameters, but also as an unprompted long-term learning opportunity for the design team to gain insight into the lives and challenges of their users, who both work and live on board. Relevance to industry The paper presents a procedure for a participatory design process in the maritime domain where the involved stakeholders are geographically and organizationally dispersed. Mock-up models coupled with use scenario descriptions elicited useful design feedback and an unprompted longterm learning opportunity for the design team.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluation of workplaces

The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluating... more The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluating workplaces. The comparison focus on different given in the comments when evaluation with 2D and 3D models. The results make strong indication that overall layout, line of sight and space are perceived differently in 2D and 3D models.

Research paper thumbnail of An Activity Centered Design Framework for Determining Design Decision Levels in Production Systems

Advances in intelligent systems and computing, 2016

This paper presents the ACD3-Production framework—a two-dimensional model whose purpose is to vis... more This paper presents the ACD3-Production framework—a two-dimensional model whose purpose is to visualize and clarify the scope, impact and organizational position of design decisions. The abbreviation stands for Activity-Centered Design Decision Determination and is based on a similar framework for product development that supports design decision-making in product design. The framework characterizes design problems along the two dimensions of Abstraction levels and Design perspectives; it is postulated that design decisions are made at the intersection of these, and that the production system’s overarching purposes will propagate coherently down to the physical detailed design level if the design work follows the top-down process indicated in the framework. ACD3-Production is visually represented in the form of a matrix that can facilitate discussions between design change agents, in order to determine where in the production system there are problems, where specific effects are desired, and where to implement a design change.

Research paper thumbnail of ACD3 as a framework for design of ergonomic workplaces

Work-a Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation, Feb 7, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of ACD3 - Utvecklingsprocessen ur ett människa-maskinperspektiv

Nu finns boken som beskriver ACD3-processen för fri nedladdning. ACD3-processen är ett nyutveckla... more Nu finns boken som beskriver ACD3-processen för fri nedladdning. ACD3-processen är ett nyutvecklat ramverk för utvecklingsarbete som synliggör designbesluten genom en tydlig struktur, men som tillåter flexibilitet för att inte hämma nyskapande och innovation. ACD3-processen stödjer en växelverkan mellan designarbete och kravsättning och lyfter fram aktivitetens och användningens roll för utformningen.
ACD3-processen bygger på vedertagna teorier och processer inom design, produktutveckling och human factors, men kombinerar ihop dem på ett samstämmigt sätt för att bättre stödja utvecklingsarbetet. ACD³ är en förkortning av AktivitetsCentrerad Design, och 3:an representerar de tre dimensioner som bygger upp processen: designnivåer, designperspektiv och designaktiviteter.
Boken riktar sig både till studenter och till yrkesverksamma ingenjörer och designers

Research paper thumbnail of PU2B-modellen - En introduktion till Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) utifrån användarcentrerad systemdesign

Idén till PU2B-modellen uppstod under en god måltid där författarna konstaterat att det trots myc... more Idén till PU2B-modellen uppstod under en god måltid där författarna konstaterat att det trots mycket kunskap, saknas effektiva former för tillämpningar när det kommer till ämnesområdena Human Factors och Systems engineering. Då vi båda nu varit verksamma tillräckligt länge för att själva anse oss ha tagit del av både teoretiska och praktiska aspekter av ämnesområdena, kunde det konstateras att det visst fanns riktigt bra metoder för både teoretiker och praktiker men att det saknades en enkel brygga mellan de två världarna.
Denna rapport presenterar den nya PU2B-modellen, vilken är ett försök i att på ett enkelt sätt möjliggöra en start av modellering på ett sätt som ska vara lättillgänglig och användbart. PU2B-modellen är också tänkt att överbrygga traditionella områden som marknad, användarnytta, användbarhet och teknisk lösning.
Fokus för skrivande av rapporten har varit att skapa ett material som presenterar modellen i ett sammanhang och visar på hur den kan användas praktiskt. Detta fokus har medfört att exemplen kanske ur vissa perspektiv inte presenteras formellt korrekt i alla delar. Om du kommit så här lång borde resten gå lätt, vi hoppas du har nytta av PU2B-modellen. Självklart tar vi gärna feedback!
Lars-Ola Bligård, Civilingenjör Elektroteknik. Teknologie Doktor Människa - Teknik - Design. Verksam som forskare inom Human Factors Engineering vid Chalmers tekniska högskola.
lars-ola.bligard@chalmers.se
Robert Nilsson, Civilingenjör Maskinteknik, Teknisk Licentiat Sjöfart och Marin teknik. Har arbetat med Human Factors och Systems Engineering från systems helhetsperspektiv för Saab AB, Altran Technologies och numera Volvo Car Group.
robert.nilsson.2@volvocars.com

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting mismatches in user-artefact interaction - Development of an analytical methodology to

ii -Predicting mismatches in user-artefact interaction Development of an analytical methodology t... more ii -Predicting mismatches in user-artefact interaction Development of an analytical methodology to support design work LARS-OLA BLIGÅRD ISBN 978-91-7385-744-4 © LARS-OLA BLIGÅRD, 2012. Doktorsavhandlingar vid Chalmers tekniska högskola Ny serie nr 3425 Sweden Telephone + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Cover: The structure of the methodology Combined Cognitive and Physical Evaluation (CCPE)

Research paper thumbnail of Utvecklingsprocessen ur ett människa-maskinperspektiv

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of Medical Device Usability Problems and Use Errors – An Improved Analytical Methodical Approach

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis and Development of User Interface for Home Care Airflow Generators

... Analysis and Development of User Interface for Home Care Airflow Generators. Författare och i... more ... Analysis and Development of User Interface for Home Care Airflow Generators. Författare och institution: Lars-Ola Bligård (Institutionen för produkt-och produktionsutveckling); Sofia Wass (Institutionen för produkt-och produktionsutveckling). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting mismatches in user–artefact interaction. Development of an analytical methodology to support design work

Research paper thumbnail of ACD³ - Utvecklingsprocessen ur ett människa-maskinperspektiv

ACD3-processen ar ett nyutvecklat ramverk for utvecklingsarbete som synliggor designbesluten geno... more ACD3-processen ar ett nyutvecklat ramverk for utvecklingsarbete som synliggor designbesluten genom en tydlig struktur, men som tillater flexibilitet for att inte hamma nyskapande och innovation. ACD3-processen stodjer en vaxelverkan mellan designarbete och kravsattning och lyfter fram aktivitetens och anvandningens roll for utformningen. ACD3-processen bygger pa vedertagna teorier och processer inom design, produktutveckling och human factors, men kombinerar ihop dem pa ett samstammigt satt for att battre stodja utvecklingsarbetet. ACD³ ar en forkortning av AktivitetsCentrerad Design, och 3:an representerar de tre dimensioner som bygger upp processen: designnivaer, designperspektiv och designaktiviteter. Boken riktar sig bade till studenter och till yrkesverksamma ingenjorer och designers.

Research paper thumbnail of Driving Simulator Studies - Opportunities to Elicit Important Knowledge from Experienced Truck Drivers

Twelve experienced truck drivers participated in a driving simulator study with the overall aim t... more Twelve experienced truck drivers participated in a driving simulator study with the overall aim to develop further knowledge on how driving postures are influenced by cab design features (e.g. head-up display and camera monitoring system (CMS). Objective data was collected on drivers' posture and subjective data on their experience of driving as well as thoughts on the new designs. The subjective data and the experience of the truck drivers brought additional value to the simulator studies in terms the pros and cons of different designs but also of suggestions how to improve the realism of the simulator; and reflections on drivers' behaviour in situations that did not exist in the simulator.

Research paper thumbnail of Visualising safety: The potential for using sociotechnical systems models in prospective safety assessment and design

Research paper thumbnail of The use of an analytical method to evaluate safety and ergonomics in service of forest machinery

The many hazards in forestry are due to the handling of large trees and large machinery in rough ... more The many hazards in forestry are due to the handling of large trees and large machinery in rough terrain and remote areas. Activities such as maintenance and repair work has been pointed out as especially hazardous in the highly mechanized cut to length method. Accidents are underreported, which emphasizes the need for a systematic approach for accident prevention. A possible procedure is the use of an analytical evaluation method to identify presumptive hazardous situations and ergonomic issues before accidents can occur. Previously, these type of methods have mainly been used in safety-critical branches such as in nuclear power and health care. To test them in a forestry context a study was performed on the service of forest machinery. A framework for evaluation, called CCPE (Combined Cognitive and Physical Evaluation) was selected and adapted for the study. The evaluation was successful in systematically unveiling what could happen in hazardous situations with regard to use error and ergonomic issues.

Research paper thumbnail of Risker vid service av skogsmaskiner - lägg band på tekniken!

Research paper thumbnail of PU2B-modellen - En introduktion till Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) utifrån användarcentrerad systemdesign

Research paper thumbnail of Enabling end-user participation in ship design

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of Medical Device Usability Problems and Use Errors - An Improved Analytical Methodical Approach

The aim of medical care is to make people healthier, and this is pursued with great success today... more The aim of medical care is to make people healthier, and this is pursued with great success today. Unfortunately, medical care also entails injuries to certain patients. Some of these injuries are caused by use errors. Research has shown that lack of usability of medical equipment ...

Research paper thumbnail of The power of the dollhouse: Comparing the use of full-scale, 1:16-scale and virtual 3D-models for user evaluation of workstation design

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Nov 1, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Involving users in a ship bridge re-design process using scenarios and mock-up models

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, May 1, 2016

The context for this study is the maritime domain and the design of shipboard workspaces. Due to ... more The context for this study is the maritime domain and the design of shipboard workspaces. Due to the globalized nature of shipping, the traditional approach to a participative ergonomics process can be a logistical challenge since stakeholders like designers, manufacturers and operators are often scattered both geographically and organizationally. The participative design study presented in this paper addresses this challenge by exploring the ability of three types of simple three-dimensional (3D) models to act as mediating objects for representative users in order to elicit design feedback in a use scenario-workshop format. The study found that all three types of 3D models, when coupled with a scenario description, elicited several types of useful design feedback that served not only as direct input to changing proposed design parameters, but also as an unprompted long-term learning opportunity for the design team to gain insight into the lives and challenges of their users, who both work and live on board. Relevance to industry The paper presents a procedure for a participatory design process in the maritime domain where the involved stakeholders are geographically and organizationally dispersed. Mock-up models coupled with use scenario descriptions elicited useful design feedback and an unprompted longterm learning opportunity for the design team.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluation of workplaces

The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluating... more The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluating workplaces. The comparison focus on different given in the comments when evaluation with 2D and 3D models. The results make strong indication that overall layout, line of sight and space are perceived differently in 2D and 3D models.

Research paper thumbnail of An Activity Centered Design Framework for Determining Design Decision Levels in Production Systems

Advances in intelligent systems and computing, 2016

This paper presents the ACD3-Production framework—a two-dimensional model whose purpose is to vis... more This paper presents the ACD3-Production framework—a two-dimensional model whose purpose is to visualize and clarify the scope, impact and organizational position of design decisions. The abbreviation stands for Activity-Centered Design Decision Determination and is based on a similar framework for product development that supports design decision-making in product design. The framework characterizes design problems along the two dimensions of Abstraction levels and Design perspectives; it is postulated that design decisions are made at the intersection of these, and that the production system’s overarching purposes will propagate coherently down to the physical detailed design level if the design work follows the top-down process indicated in the framework. ACD3-Production is visually represented in the form of a matrix that can facilitate discussions between design change agents, in order to determine where in the production system there are problems, where specific effects are desired, and where to implement a design change.

Research paper thumbnail of ACD3 as a framework for design of ergonomic workplaces

Work-a Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation, Feb 7, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of HMI of Autonomous Vehicles - More Than Meets the Eye

Advances in intelligent systems and computing, Aug 5, 2018

Cars are becoming increasingly automated and intelligent and will soon be able to drive on their ... more Cars are becoming increasingly automated and intelligent and will soon be able to drive on their own. The new intelligent technology will mean that communication between driver and vehicle will and must change. However, much of the research in autonomous vehicle interaction still revolves around the traditional GU interfaces and modes. To open up the full potential of interactive possibilities and allow for the creation of interfaces that can enable effective and satisfactory communication between driver and vehicle, this paper will present and argue for a holistic framework to aid analysis and design of human – vehicle interaction. The framework is based on four types of interactive surfaces. The first is the explicitly designed interfaces of today, the second is the interior design of the vehicle as a whole, the third is the implicit information included in the vehicle’s movement pattern, and the fourth is the interactive technology brought into the vehicle. The framework focuses on the interaction related to the operation of the vehicle (not in-car entertainment) and on the vehicle information output.

Research paper thumbnail of Supporting individual needs for intra-organisational knowledge sharing activities in pre-industry 4.0 SMEs

The complexity of modern manufacturing industry and the emergence of Industry 4.0 puts changing c... more The complexity of modern manufacturing industry and the emergence of Industry 4.0 puts changing cognitive demands on human operators at work. Operators in this environment, Operator 4.0, will share knowledge through the use of new digital technologies that should be implemented in parallel with an organizational development towards Organization 4.0. On an individual level within the organization, people benefit from understanding their own knowledge needs and gain necessary knowledge through knowledge sharing activities. In pre-Industry 4.0 organizations, this is done primarily through meetings. Originally developed to create smart meetings in smart factories, an elaborated version of the MEET model (Gullander et al, 2014) is used in this paper to evaluate the needs for sharing of tacit and explicit knowledge, both in regards to how it affects the Information System and the Organization System. By adding a systematic process approach to mapping individual knowledge needs related to ...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of the driving context on the usage of Automated Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) -Naturalistic Driving Study for ADAS evaluation

Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Design of User Friendly Insulin Pumps for Diabetics

The 38th Annual Congress of …, 2006

Eriksson, Maria, 1981-(författare) Chalmers tekniska högskola, Institutionen för produkt-och prod... more Eriksson, Maria, 1981-(författare) Chalmers tekniska högskola, Institutionen för produkt-och produktionsutveckling, design Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976-(författare) Chalmers tekniska högskola, Institutionen för produkt-och produktionsutveckling, design Osvalder, ...

Research paper thumbnail of Riskanalys av användning av medicinteknisk utrustning

Svenska Läkaresällskapets riksstämma, 2008

Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976-(author) Chalmers tekniska högskola, Institutionen för produkt-och produk... more Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976-(author) Chalmers tekniska högskola, Institutionen för produkt-och produktionsutveckling, Design and Human Factors Osvalder, Anna-Lisa, 1961-(author) Chalmers tekniska högskola, Institutionen för produkt-och produktionsutveckling, Design and ...