Antonio Azul - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Antonio Azul
Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia, Medicina Dentária e Cirurgia Maxilofacial, Dec 1, 2015
Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar, May 1, 2006
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Jun 1, 2007
Summary The aim of this study was to identify and characterize aetiological and predisposing fac... more Summary The aim of this study was to identify and characterize aetiological and predisposing factors in denture‐related stomatitis (DRS), by means of a case–control, transversal study, in a large cohort of 140 persons wearing removable maxillary polymethylamethacrylate prostheses. Data were obtained by (1) a questionnaire that included the identification of the subject, demographic and social data, medical history and behaviour; (2) intra‐oral examination; (3) evaluation of the prosthesis; (4) microbiological examination; (5) yeast identification and analyses using Epi‐info and the chi‐square test. Results showed significant associations between DRS and yeasts, gender, age and alcohol consumption. We also found a significant relationship between the presence of yeasts and hyposalivation and decreased salivary pH. We found a highly significant difference between groups with and without DRS concerning the presence or absence of yeasts, regardless of the sample origin. Most cases of DRS showed the presence of Candida albicans. The results confirm a highly significant difference between groups with and without DRS concerning the presence or absence of yeasts.
Musculoskeletal Regeneration, 2016
Journal of Prosthodontic Research, 2017
Clinical Oral Investigations, Jun 5, 2020
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2001
To increase physicians' and dentists&... more To increase physicians' and dentists' awareness that nicorandil is a potential inducer of severe mouth ulceration. Nine new cases of ulceration from 3 European countries were included in this study. Oral ulceration developed within 9 months of beginning nicorandil therapy, and ulcers resolved within 1 month of withdrawal of the drug. No lesions developed on other epithelia. A number of drugs used in the care of patients with cardiovascular disease can cause oral adverse effects. Nicorandil, a new potassium-channel activator used in some countries to treat angina pectoris, precipitates persistent ulcerative stomatitis in some patients.
European Journal of Cancer, 1995
A European School of ~Oncology Advisory Group has reviewed the European Code Against Cancer after... more A European School of ~Oncology Advisory Group has reviewed the European Code Against Cancer after its initial use over a 6-year period. With minor modifications, the original ten recommendations were found to be adequate, although it was agreed that an Annex was necessary to explain the scientific evidence supporting each point, and is presented herewith. Tobacco smoking clearly remains the most important cause of cancer, and now it can be quantified better than ever before. It is also clear that it is never too late to stop smoking: stopping even in middle age, prior to the onset of serious illness has a beneficial effect on life expectancy. Alcohol drinking is an important cause of cancer, and yet modest consumption levels protect against cardiovascular disease mortality. The optimal strategy seems to be a consumption not exceeding 2-3 drinks per day, although this limit may be lower for women. Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduction in consumption of fatty foods, reduction of obesity and increased physical activity can all be recommended to reduce cancer risk. Exposure to excessive sunlight remains a problem which should be limited. Control of occupational cancer is a three-way partnership: legislation identifies and limits exposure to known carcinogens, employers enact the legislation and workers should respect the measures introduced. There are a number of signs and symptoms which may lead to cancer being diagnosed earlier, and patients with these should be referred to a doctor. For women, participation in organised programmes of cervical cancer and breast cancer (after 50 years of age) should lead to a reduction in mortality from these forms of cancer. The lkey element is orgatised programmes, where quality control and quality assurance are in force. These revised recommendations are the result of an agreement following advice, review and dialogue with cancer experts throughout Europe. They were approved by the European Community Cancer Experts at their meeting in Bonn on 219-29 November 1994. Their implementation by the European population should greatly reduce cancer incidence and mortality.
Pharmaceuticals
Mechanisms related to the potential beneficial effects of statins on cancer are mainly related to... more Mechanisms related to the potential beneficial effects of statins on cancer are mainly related to the inhibition of the mevalonate pathway. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between prior use of statins and the risk of head and neck cancer. A hospital-based case–control study was conducted at the Dentistry Hospital of the University of Barcelona, including 101 incident cases of head and neck cancer and 101 controls matched to cases by age and sex. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between prior statin exposure and head and neck cancer risk. Of the 202 patients included in total, 28.2% had previously received prescriptions for statins. Prior use of statins was found in 25.7% of cases and 30.7% of controls. Exposure to statins was not associated with head and neck cancer risk (OR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.28–1.84; p = 0.49). There was also no time- or dose-dependent association. Similar trends were observed when analyzed by subsit...
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2007
The aim of this study was to identify and characterize aetiological and predisposing factors in d... more The aim of this study was to identify and characterize aetiological and predisposing factors in denture-related stomatitis (DRS), by means of a case-control, transversal study, in a large cohort of 140 persons wearing removable maxillary polymethylamethacrylate prostheses. Data were obtained by (1) a questionnaire that included the identification of the subject, demographic and social data, medical history and behaviour; (2) intra-oral examination; (3) evaluation of the prosthesis; (4) microbiological examination; (5) yeast identification and analyses using Epi-info and the chi-square test. Results showed significant associations between DRS and yeasts, gender, age and alcohol consumption. We also found a significant relationship between the presence of yeasts and hyposalivation and decreased salivary pH. We found a highly significant difference between groups with and without DRS concerning the presence or absence of yeasts, regardless of the sample origin. Most cases of DRS showed the presence of Candida albicans. The results confirm a highly significant difference between groups with and without DRS concerning the presence or absence of yeasts.
Clinical Oral Investigations
European journal of oral sciences, Jan 20, 2015
This study aimed to identify risk factors for the incidence of peri-implant pathology. One-thousa... more This study aimed to identify risk factors for the incidence of peri-implant pathology. One-thousand, two-hundred and seventy-fifty patients (255 cases and 1020 controls), rehabilitated with dental implants, were included. Peri-implant pathology was defined as the presence of peri-implant pockets ≥ 5 mm, bleeding on probing, vertical bone loss, and loss of attachment ≥2 mm. Cases and controls were matched for age, gender, and duration of follow-up. A logistic regression model was used, with estimation of the OR for each variable and interaction, with a level of significance of 5%. The risk factors for peri-implant pathology were: history of periodontitis (OR = 19), bacterial plaque (OR = 3.6), bleeding (OR = 2.9), bone level on the medium third of the implant (OR = 13.9), lack of prosthetic fit or non-optimal screw joint (OR = 5.9), metal-ceramic restorations (OR = 3.9), and the interaction between bacterial plaque and the proximity of other teeth or implants (PROXI) (OR = 4.3). PROX...
Revista portuguesa de estomatologia e cirurgia maxilo-facial
The authors present a quite unused technique that helps to simplify the cavity preparation in Ope... more The authors present a quite unused technique that helps to simplify the cavity preparation in Operative Dentistry. As a sequence of his investigations that established a clear distinction between hardness and bacterial invasion of dentin, Fusayama searched for a simple clinical method that could avoid excessive removal of remineralizable dentin. The use of "Caries Detector" may provide in few minutes an immediate clinical distinction between "infected dentin" and "remineralizable dentin", by the direct application of a selective dye. The fundamental, mechanism of action, and the application technique of this product are described.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1994
Rev Port Clin Geral, 2006
Page 1. DOSSIER SAUDE ORAL Rev Port Clin Geral 2006;22:369-77 369 Patologia mais frequente da muc... more Page 1. DOSSIER SAUDE ORAL Rev Port Clin Geral 2006;22:369-77 369 Patologia mais frequente da mucosa oral *Médico estomatologista Consultor da OMS Professor Associado de Medicina e Cirurgia Oral do EIO (Milão ...
Revista Portuguesa de …, 2006
Resumo: A Estomatite Protética (EP) afecta quase metade da população portuguesa portadora de prót... more Resumo: A Estomatite Protética (EP) afecta quase metade da população portuguesa portadora de prótese removível superior e está claramente associada à infecção por fungos. Atendendo a esta prevalência, torna-se importante entender os factores predisponentes que lhe ...
European Journal of Cancer. Part B: Oral Oncology, 1995
A European School of ~Oncology Advisory Group has reviewed the European Code Against Cancer after... more A European School of ~Oncology Advisory Group has reviewed the European Code Against Cancer after its initial use over a 6-year period. With minor modifications, the original ten recommendations were found to be adequate, although it was agreed that an Annex was necessary to explain the scientific evidence supporting each point, and is presented herewith. Tobacco smoking clearly remains the most important cause of cancer, and now it can be quantified better than ever before. It is also clear that it is never too late to stop smoking: stopping even in middle age, prior to the onset of serious illness has a beneficial effect on life expectancy. Alcohol drinking is an important cause of cancer, and yet modest consumption levels protect against cardiovascular disease mortality. The optimal strategy seems to be a consumption not exceeding 2-3 drinks per day, although this limit may be lower for women. Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduction in consumption of fatty foods, reduction of obesity and increased physical activity can all be recommended to reduce cancer risk. Exposure to excessive sunlight remains a problem which should be limited. Control of occupational cancer is a three-way partnership: legislation identifies and limits exposure to known carcinogens, employers enact the legislation and workers should respect the measures introduced. There are a number of signs and symptoms which may lead to cancer being diagnosed earlier, and patients with these should be referred to a doctor. For women, participation in organised programmes of cervical cancer and breast cancer (after 50 years of age) should lead to a reduction in mortality from these forms of cancer. The lkey element is orgatised programmes, where quality control and quality assurance are in force. These revised recommendations are the result of an agreement following advice, review and dialogue with cancer experts throughout Europe. They were approved by the European Community Cancer Experts at their meeting in Bonn on 219-29 November 1994. Their implementation by the European population should greatly reduce cancer incidence and mortality.
Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology, 2001
To increase physicians' and dentists' awareness that nicorandil i... more To increase physicians' and dentists' awareness that nicorandil is a potential inducer of severe mouth ulceration. Nine new cases of ulceration from 3 European countries were included in this study. Oral ulceration developed within 9 months of beginning nicorandil therapy, and ulcers resolved within 1 month of withdrawal of the drug. No lesions developed on other epithelia. A number of drugs used in the care of patients with cardiovascular disease can cause oral adverse effects. Nicorandil, a new potassium-channel activator used in some countries to treat angina pectoris, precipitates persistent ulcerative stomatitis in some patients.
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2007
Summary The aim of this study was to identify and characterize aetiological and predisposing fac... more Summary The aim of this study was to identify and characterize aetiological and predisposing factors in denture-related stomatitis (DRS), by means of a case–control, transversal study, in a large cohort of 140 persons wearing removable maxillary polymethylamethacrylate prostheses. Data were obtained by (1) a questionnaire that included the identification of the subject, demographic and social data, medical history and behaviour; (2) intra-oral examination; (3) evaluation of the prosthesis; (4) microbiological examination; (5) yeast identification and analyses using Epi-info and the chi-square test. Results showed significant associations between DRS and yeasts, gender, age and alcohol consumption. We also found a significant relationship between the presence of yeasts and hyposalivation and decreased salivary pH. We found a highly significant difference between groups with and without DRS concerning the presence or absence of yeasts, regardless of the sample origin. Most cases of DRS showed the presence of Candida albicans. The results confirm a highly significant difference between groups with and without DRS concerning the presence or absence of yeasts.
Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia, Medicina Dentária e Cirurgia Maxilofacial, Dec 1, 2015
Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar, May 1, 2006
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Jun 1, 2007
Summary The aim of this study was to identify and characterize aetiological and predisposing fac... more Summary The aim of this study was to identify and characterize aetiological and predisposing factors in denture‐related stomatitis (DRS), by means of a case–control, transversal study, in a large cohort of 140 persons wearing removable maxillary polymethylamethacrylate prostheses. Data were obtained by (1) a questionnaire that included the identification of the subject, demographic and social data, medical history and behaviour; (2) intra‐oral examination; (3) evaluation of the prosthesis; (4) microbiological examination; (5) yeast identification and analyses using Epi‐info and the chi‐square test. Results showed significant associations between DRS and yeasts, gender, age and alcohol consumption. We also found a significant relationship between the presence of yeasts and hyposalivation and decreased salivary pH. We found a highly significant difference between groups with and without DRS concerning the presence or absence of yeasts, regardless of the sample origin. Most cases of DRS showed the presence of Candida albicans. The results confirm a highly significant difference between groups with and without DRS concerning the presence or absence of yeasts.
Musculoskeletal Regeneration, 2016
Journal of Prosthodontic Research, 2017
Clinical Oral Investigations, Jun 5, 2020
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2001
To increase physicians' and dentists&... more To increase physicians' and dentists' awareness that nicorandil is a potential inducer of severe mouth ulceration. Nine new cases of ulceration from 3 European countries were included in this study. Oral ulceration developed within 9 months of beginning nicorandil therapy, and ulcers resolved within 1 month of withdrawal of the drug. No lesions developed on other epithelia. A number of drugs used in the care of patients with cardiovascular disease can cause oral adverse effects. Nicorandil, a new potassium-channel activator used in some countries to treat angina pectoris, precipitates persistent ulcerative stomatitis in some patients.
European Journal of Cancer, 1995
A European School of ~Oncology Advisory Group has reviewed the European Code Against Cancer after... more A European School of ~Oncology Advisory Group has reviewed the European Code Against Cancer after its initial use over a 6-year period. With minor modifications, the original ten recommendations were found to be adequate, although it was agreed that an Annex was necessary to explain the scientific evidence supporting each point, and is presented herewith. Tobacco smoking clearly remains the most important cause of cancer, and now it can be quantified better than ever before. It is also clear that it is never too late to stop smoking: stopping even in middle age, prior to the onset of serious illness has a beneficial effect on life expectancy. Alcohol drinking is an important cause of cancer, and yet modest consumption levels protect against cardiovascular disease mortality. The optimal strategy seems to be a consumption not exceeding 2-3 drinks per day, although this limit may be lower for women. Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduction in consumption of fatty foods, reduction of obesity and increased physical activity can all be recommended to reduce cancer risk. Exposure to excessive sunlight remains a problem which should be limited. Control of occupational cancer is a three-way partnership: legislation identifies and limits exposure to known carcinogens, employers enact the legislation and workers should respect the measures introduced. There are a number of signs and symptoms which may lead to cancer being diagnosed earlier, and patients with these should be referred to a doctor. For women, participation in organised programmes of cervical cancer and breast cancer (after 50 years of age) should lead to a reduction in mortality from these forms of cancer. The lkey element is orgatised programmes, where quality control and quality assurance are in force. These revised recommendations are the result of an agreement following advice, review and dialogue with cancer experts throughout Europe. They were approved by the European Community Cancer Experts at their meeting in Bonn on 219-29 November 1994. Their implementation by the European population should greatly reduce cancer incidence and mortality.
Pharmaceuticals
Mechanisms related to the potential beneficial effects of statins on cancer are mainly related to... more Mechanisms related to the potential beneficial effects of statins on cancer are mainly related to the inhibition of the mevalonate pathway. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between prior use of statins and the risk of head and neck cancer. A hospital-based case–control study was conducted at the Dentistry Hospital of the University of Barcelona, including 101 incident cases of head and neck cancer and 101 controls matched to cases by age and sex. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between prior statin exposure and head and neck cancer risk. Of the 202 patients included in total, 28.2% had previously received prescriptions for statins. Prior use of statins was found in 25.7% of cases and 30.7% of controls. Exposure to statins was not associated with head and neck cancer risk (OR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.28–1.84; p = 0.49). There was also no time- or dose-dependent association. Similar trends were observed when analyzed by subsit...
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2007
The aim of this study was to identify and characterize aetiological and predisposing factors in d... more The aim of this study was to identify and characterize aetiological and predisposing factors in denture-related stomatitis (DRS), by means of a case-control, transversal study, in a large cohort of 140 persons wearing removable maxillary polymethylamethacrylate prostheses. Data were obtained by (1) a questionnaire that included the identification of the subject, demographic and social data, medical history and behaviour; (2) intra-oral examination; (3) evaluation of the prosthesis; (4) microbiological examination; (5) yeast identification and analyses using Epi-info and the chi-square test. Results showed significant associations between DRS and yeasts, gender, age and alcohol consumption. We also found a significant relationship between the presence of yeasts and hyposalivation and decreased salivary pH. We found a highly significant difference between groups with and without DRS concerning the presence or absence of yeasts, regardless of the sample origin. Most cases of DRS showed the presence of Candida albicans. The results confirm a highly significant difference between groups with and without DRS concerning the presence or absence of yeasts.
Clinical Oral Investigations
European journal of oral sciences, Jan 20, 2015
This study aimed to identify risk factors for the incidence of peri-implant pathology. One-thousa... more This study aimed to identify risk factors for the incidence of peri-implant pathology. One-thousand, two-hundred and seventy-fifty patients (255 cases and 1020 controls), rehabilitated with dental implants, were included. Peri-implant pathology was defined as the presence of peri-implant pockets ≥ 5 mm, bleeding on probing, vertical bone loss, and loss of attachment ≥2 mm. Cases and controls were matched for age, gender, and duration of follow-up. A logistic regression model was used, with estimation of the OR for each variable and interaction, with a level of significance of 5%. The risk factors for peri-implant pathology were: history of periodontitis (OR = 19), bacterial plaque (OR = 3.6), bleeding (OR = 2.9), bone level on the medium third of the implant (OR = 13.9), lack of prosthetic fit or non-optimal screw joint (OR = 5.9), metal-ceramic restorations (OR = 3.9), and the interaction between bacterial plaque and the proximity of other teeth or implants (PROXI) (OR = 4.3). PROX...
Revista portuguesa de estomatologia e cirurgia maxilo-facial
The authors present a quite unused technique that helps to simplify the cavity preparation in Ope... more The authors present a quite unused technique that helps to simplify the cavity preparation in Operative Dentistry. As a sequence of his investigations that established a clear distinction between hardness and bacterial invasion of dentin, Fusayama searched for a simple clinical method that could avoid excessive removal of remineralizable dentin. The use of "Caries Detector" may provide in few minutes an immediate clinical distinction between "infected dentin" and "remineralizable dentin", by the direct application of a selective dye. The fundamental, mechanism of action, and the application technique of this product are described.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1994
Rev Port Clin Geral, 2006
Page 1. DOSSIER SAUDE ORAL Rev Port Clin Geral 2006;22:369-77 369 Patologia mais frequente da muc... more Page 1. DOSSIER SAUDE ORAL Rev Port Clin Geral 2006;22:369-77 369 Patologia mais frequente da mucosa oral *Médico estomatologista Consultor da OMS Professor Associado de Medicina e Cirurgia Oral do EIO (Milão ...
Revista Portuguesa de …, 2006
Resumo: A Estomatite Protética (EP) afecta quase metade da população portuguesa portadora de prót... more Resumo: A Estomatite Protética (EP) afecta quase metade da população portuguesa portadora de prótese removível superior e está claramente associada à infecção por fungos. Atendendo a esta prevalência, torna-se importante entender os factores predisponentes que lhe ...
European Journal of Cancer. Part B: Oral Oncology, 1995
A European School of ~Oncology Advisory Group has reviewed the European Code Against Cancer after... more A European School of ~Oncology Advisory Group has reviewed the European Code Against Cancer after its initial use over a 6-year period. With minor modifications, the original ten recommendations were found to be adequate, although it was agreed that an Annex was necessary to explain the scientific evidence supporting each point, and is presented herewith. Tobacco smoking clearly remains the most important cause of cancer, and now it can be quantified better than ever before. It is also clear that it is never too late to stop smoking: stopping even in middle age, prior to the onset of serious illness has a beneficial effect on life expectancy. Alcohol drinking is an important cause of cancer, and yet modest consumption levels protect against cardiovascular disease mortality. The optimal strategy seems to be a consumption not exceeding 2-3 drinks per day, although this limit may be lower for women. Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduction in consumption of fatty foods, reduction of obesity and increased physical activity can all be recommended to reduce cancer risk. Exposure to excessive sunlight remains a problem which should be limited. Control of occupational cancer is a three-way partnership: legislation identifies and limits exposure to known carcinogens, employers enact the legislation and workers should respect the measures introduced. There are a number of signs and symptoms which may lead to cancer being diagnosed earlier, and patients with these should be referred to a doctor. For women, participation in organised programmes of cervical cancer and breast cancer (after 50 years of age) should lead to a reduction in mortality from these forms of cancer. The lkey element is orgatised programmes, where quality control and quality assurance are in force. These revised recommendations are the result of an agreement following advice, review and dialogue with cancer experts throughout Europe. They were approved by the European Community Cancer Experts at their meeting in Bonn on 219-29 November 1994. Their implementation by the European population should greatly reduce cancer incidence and mortality.
Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology, 2001
To increase physicians' and dentists' awareness that nicorandil i... more To increase physicians' and dentists' awareness that nicorandil is a potential inducer of severe mouth ulceration. Nine new cases of ulceration from 3 European countries were included in this study. Oral ulceration developed within 9 months of beginning nicorandil therapy, and ulcers resolved within 1 month of withdrawal of the drug. No lesions developed on other epithelia. A number of drugs used in the care of patients with cardiovascular disease can cause oral adverse effects. Nicorandil, a new potassium-channel activator used in some countries to treat angina pectoris, precipitates persistent ulcerative stomatitis in some patients.
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2007
Summary The aim of this study was to identify and characterize aetiological and predisposing fac... more Summary The aim of this study was to identify and characterize aetiological and predisposing factors in denture-related stomatitis (DRS), by means of a case–control, transversal study, in a large cohort of 140 persons wearing removable maxillary polymethylamethacrylate prostheses. Data were obtained by (1) a questionnaire that included the identification of the subject, demographic and social data, medical history and behaviour; (2) intra-oral examination; (3) evaluation of the prosthesis; (4) microbiological examination; (5) yeast identification and analyses using Epi-info and the chi-square test. Results showed significant associations between DRS and yeasts, gender, age and alcohol consumption. We also found a significant relationship between the presence of yeasts and hyposalivation and decreased salivary pH. We found a highly significant difference between groups with and without DRS concerning the presence or absence of yeasts, regardless of the sample origin. Most cases of DRS showed the presence of Candida albicans. The results confirm a highly significant difference between groups with and without DRS concerning the presence or absence of yeasts.