Judith Kogel | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / French National Centre for Scientific Research (original) (raw)
Links by Judith Kogel
Histoire Epistémologie Langage, 2023
Éditeur Société d'histoire et d'épistémologie des sciences du langage (SHESL)
zutot, 2021
Interest was aroused recently concerning a booklet of 28 folios entitled Tabula in universum indi... more Interest was aroused recently concerning a booklet of 28 folios entitled Tabula in universum indicans libros singularum disciplinarum. Formerly considered a 17th-century catalogue, it actually reflects the contents of the library of the Collège de Sorbonne in the mid-16th century. A project, directed by Gilbert Fournier, will identify the authors and works mentioned in the document and localize the books in Parisian and French libraries. Entrusted with the rubric Rabbini Hebraeorum, I quickly realized that I needed to work simultaneously on the catalogue and the dispersion of the library of the Collège. This back and forth process led to the discovery of the 1529 Bomberg Ashkenazic Siddur.
Since the time of Charles V (f. 191), this psalter (Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal. Ms 1186) has been ... more Since the time of Charles V (f. 191), this psalter (Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal. Ms 1186) has been attributed to Queen Blanche of Castile, regent of the kingdom of France from 1226 to 1235 and mother of Louis IX, particularly because of the woman depicted in the initial of Psalm 101. Other details confirm this hypothesis, including the elements symbolising the emblems of Castile and France, which surround the tree of Jesse (f. 15v°).
The opening image of this psalter (f. 1v°) depicts an unusual scene, the translation of a work on astronomy from Hebrew into Latin, in the presence of a Jewish scholar. In the centre, a man wearing a head cover is holding an astrolabe and a ruler; he is the oldest and the most important because of his central and slightly elevated position. He is surrounded by two tonsured clerics: on the right of the image, a middle-aged man, dressed in a long tunic similar to that worn by scholars, is seated on the same bench and holds up an open book where sketches of Hebrew letters can be seen; on the left, a young hairless cleric is copying the Latin translation - the tunic falls to mid-calf to indicate that he is a secular cleric.
The central figure is undoubtedly Abraham ibn Ezra, who is known to have dictated the Latin translation of Keli ha-nehoshet, Tractatus de astrolabio, in Rouen in 1154 to a copyist who mentioned him in the body of the text. The memory of this episode was immortalised fifty years later in a superb work intended for Blanche of Castile, the granddaughter of Henry II of Plantagenet, who was born in Le Mans and in 1154 returned to England, where he was crowned. Three years later, the Spanish scholar Ibn Ezra also went to England, where he probably stayed for the rest of his life.
Liber radicum, Sefer ha-shorashim, 2020
This article is available online at the following address: https://shorashim.hypotheses.org/341
Brill, 2019
The Colmar Public Library preserves more than 330 Hebrew fragments glued to the bindings of incun... more The Colmar Public Library preserves more than 330 Hebrew fragments
glued to the bindings of incunabula. Each of them a priori can be
considered as a witness to a book that disappeared, probably fallen into
the hands of bookbinders as a result of tragic historical circumstances.
After describing and identifying them, Judith Kogel was able to partially
reconstruct and present in this book, the collection of texts studied and
used by Jews in Colmar and the surrounding area in the Middle Ages.
Although we cannot know to whom these books belonged and where
they were kept, the collection covers all areas essential to Jewish daily
life and reflects a structured community committed to the transmission
of knowledge.
La Bibliothèque municipale de Colmar conserve plus de 330 fragments
hébreux collés sur les reliures d’incunables. Chacun d’eux peut a priori
être considéré comme le témoin d’un livre disparu, probablement
tombé entre les mains de relieurs à la suite de circonstances historiques
tragiques. Après les avoir décrits et identifiés dans cet ouvrage, Judith
Kogel a pu reconstituer la collection de livres étudiés et utilisés par les
juifs de Colmar et des environs, au Moyen Âge. Bien que l’on ne puisse
savoir à qui ils appartenaient et où ils étaient conservés, ces livres
recouvrent tous les textes indispensables à la vie juive quotidienne et
reflètent une communauté structurée pour la transmission des savoirs.
In 1987, Angel Sáenz-Badillos published a critical edition of an anonymous dictionary, probably c... more In 1987, Angel Sáenz-Badillos published a critical edition of an anonymous dictionary, probably composed in Provence, which seemed to have been preserved in a unicum: Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Ms Vat. Ebr. 413. It has been possible to identify four other copies of this text, the oldest one certainly dates from the thirteenth century, while the most recent is probably the work of a Jewish convert, of Spanish origin, living among Christian humanists, in an Ashkenazi country. In this article, we will focus on the physical description of the different manuscripts, the title of the work and the various sources and authors which have inspired it.
There are different means to identify the place where manuscripts were copied; the most evident i... more There are different means to identify the place where manuscripts were copied; the most evident is the colophon inserted by the scribe, which may content possible mention of the dedicator, of the place and of the date of copy. Other paleographic and codicologic details can help us at localizing the area where the manuscript was copied, though without any certainty, as the handwriting, the parchment, etc. The work I’m doing on the Sefer ha-Shorashim points to a third way I will deal about, the leʻazim, that is, the vernacular glosses. Indeed, probably because the scribes considered that the vernacular glosses were not the text itself, they did not prevent themselves to adapt them to their idiolect and even to add extra glosses which give us a clear indication of the place they lived in, or the place they came from. Thus, these vernacular glosses serve as markers and therefore contribute to a better knowledge of the transmission of that text.
Papers by Judith Kogel
Revue des études juives, 2023
Because they offered ready access to the Biblical text and to interpretation, lexicographical stu... more Because they offered ready access to the Biblical text and to interpretation, lexicographical studies by Jewish scholars in the Middle Ages gained wide distribution. These studies occur in two distinct genres: dictionaries of roots and glossaries. Dictionaries present roots in alphabetical order, which allowed the grouping of the words in Biblical Hebrew according to their roots. Glossaries, on the other hand, were teaching aids that facilitated word-for-word translation of Bible verses. The lemmas, which typically appear in the same grammatical forms as in verses, follow the order of the Biblical text, and are accompanied by vernacular translations.
Dictionaries of roots and glossaries coexisted during the medieval period. In the early Renaissance, glossaries--unlike David Qimḥi's famous dictionary of roots, Sefer ha-Shorashim, which was printed as early as 1470 in Rome-- remained unpublished, presumably because they were obsolete. The Maqre dardeqe, however--a hybrid between a glossary and a dictionary of roots--was published in 1488 in Naples. This paper will first describe the Maqre dardeqe, its author, and the extant witnesses before focusing more closely on the manuscript BNF Hébreu 1243, its literary genre, and its sources and influences.
The most recent edition of Sefer ha-shorashim was published by Johann Heinrich Biesenthal and Fue... more The most recent edition of Sefer ha-shorashim was published by Johann Heinrich Biesenthal and Fuerchtegott Lebrecht in Berlin in 1847. I shall henceforth refer to it as the BL edition. In a brief introduction to their work, the editors announce that they used the Naples edition from 1490 and three different manuscripts (p. 444) – a Spanish codex, a German codex (both of which then belonged to the Hebrew bibliographer Heimann J. Michael in Hamburg), and a third manuscript from the University L..
De quels manuels disposait-on pour étudier la Bible hébraïque au Moyen Âge ? Existaient-ils des d... more De quels manuels disposait-on pour étudier la Bible hébraïque au Moyen Âge ? Existaient-ils des dictionnaires pouvant aider les débutants à comprendre le texte sacré alors que l’hébreu n’était plus parlé depuis près de mille ans ? Plusieurs de ces ouvrages nous sont parvenus mais il en est un qui connut un grand succès, le Sefer ha-shorashim de David Qimḥi (Narbonne, 1210). Copié maintes fois durant le Moyen Âge, il a été traduit et adapté en latin à l’aube du XVIe siècle par des hébraïsan..
Editions de l'éclat, Sep 1, 2017
Sur les traces de la bibliothèque médiévale des Juifs de Colmar, 2019
La Bibliotheque municipale de Colmar conserve plus de 330 fragments hebreux colles sur les reliur... more La Bibliotheque municipale de Colmar conserve plus de 330 fragments hebreux colles sur les reliures d’incunables. Chacun d’eux peut a priori etre considere comme le temoin d’un livre disparu, probablement tombe entre les mains de relieurs a la suite de circonstances historiques tragiques. Apres les avoir decrits et identifies dans cet ouvrage, Judith Kogel a pu reconstituer la collection de livres etudies et utilises par les juifs de Colmar et des environs, au Moyen Âge. Bien que l’on ne puisse savoir a qui ils appartenaient et ou ils etaient conserves, ces livres recouvrent tous les textes indispensables a la vie juive quotidienne et refletent une communaute structuree pour la transmission des savoirs.
Joseph Seniri: Commentary on the Former Prophets, 2014
Histoire Epistémologie Langage, 2023
Éditeur Société d'histoire et d'épistémologie des sciences du langage (SHESL)
zutot, 2021
Interest was aroused recently concerning a booklet of 28 folios entitled Tabula in universum indi... more Interest was aroused recently concerning a booklet of 28 folios entitled Tabula in universum indicans libros singularum disciplinarum. Formerly considered a 17th-century catalogue, it actually reflects the contents of the library of the Collège de Sorbonne in the mid-16th century. A project, directed by Gilbert Fournier, will identify the authors and works mentioned in the document and localize the books in Parisian and French libraries. Entrusted with the rubric Rabbini Hebraeorum, I quickly realized that I needed to work simultaneously on the catalogue and the dispersion of the library of the Collège. This back and forth process led to the discovery of the 1529 Bomberg Ashkenazic Siddur.
Since the time of Charles V (f. 191), this psalter (Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal. Ms 1186) has been ... more Since the time of Charles V (f. 191), this psalter (Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal. Ms 1186) has been attributed to Queen Blanche of Castile, regent of the kingdom of France from 1226 to 1235 and mother of Louis IX, particularly because of the woman depicted in the initial of Psalm 101. Other details confirm this hypothesis, including the elements symbolising the emblems of Castile and France, which surround the tree of Jesse (f. 15v°).
The opening image of this psalter (f. 1v°) depicts an unusual scene, the translation of a work on astronomy from Hebrew into Latin, in the presence of a Jewish scholar. In the centre, a man wearing a head cover is holding an astrolabe and a ruler; he is the oldest and the most important because of his central and slightly elevated position. He is surrounded by two tonsured clerics: on the right of the image, a middle-aged man, dressed in a long tunic similar to that worn by scholars, is seated on the same bench and holds up an open book where sketches of Hebrew letters can be seen; on the left, a young hairless cleric is copying the Latin translation - the tunic falls to mid-calf to indicate that he is a secular cleric.
The central figure is undoubtedly Abraham ibn Ezra, who is known to have dictated the Latin translation of Keli ha-nehoshet, Tractatus de astrolabio, in Rouen in 1154 to a copyist who mentioned him in the body of the text. The memory of this episode was immortalised fifty years later in a superb work intended for Blanche of Castile, the granddaughter of Henry II of Plantagenet, who was born in Le Mans and in 1154 returned to England, where he was crowned. Three years later, the Spanish scholar Ibn Ezra also went to England, where he probably stayed for the rest of his life.
Liber radicum, Sefer ha-shorashim, 2020
This article is available online at the following address: https://shorashim.hypotheses.org/341
Brill, 2019
The Colmar Public Library preserves more than 330 Hebrew fragments glued to the bindings of incun... more The Colmar Public Library preserves more than 330 Hebrew fragments
glued to the bindings of incunabula. Each of them a priori can be
considered as a witness to a book that disappeared, probably fallen into
the hands of bookbinders as a result of tragic historical circumstances.
After describing and identifying them, Judith Kogel was able to partially
reconstruct and present in this book, the collection of texts studied and
used by Jews in Colmar and the surrounding area in the Middle Ages.
Although we cannot know to whom these books belonged and where
they were kept, the collection covers all areas essential to Jewish daily
life and reflects a structured community committed to the transmission
of knowledge.
La Bibliothèque municipale de Colmar conserve plus de 330 fragments
hébreux collés sur les reliures d’incunables. Chacun d’eux peut a priori
être considéré comme le témoin d’un livre disparu, probablement
tombé entre les mains de relieurs à la suite de circonstances historiques
tragiques. Après les avoir décrits et identifiés dans cet ouvrage, Judith
Kogel a pu reconstituer la collection de livres étudiés et utilisés par les
juifs de Colmar et des environs, au Moyen Âge. Bien que l’on ne puisse
savoir à qui ils appartenaient et où ils étaient conservés, ces livres
recouvrent tous les textes indispensables à la vie juive quotidienne et
reflètent une communauté structurée pour la transmission des savoirs.
In 1987, Angel Sáenz-Badillos published a critical edition of an anonymous dictionary, probably c... more In 1987, Angel Sáenz-Badillos published a critical edition of an anonymous dictionary, probably composed in Provence, which seemed to have been preserved in a unicum: Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Ms Vat. Ebr. 413. It has been possible to identify four other copies of this text, the oldest one certainly dates from the thirteenth century, while the most recent is probably the work of a Jewish convert, of Spanish origin, living among Christian humanists, in an Ashkenazi country. In this article, we will focus on the physical description of the different manuscripts, the title of the work and the various sources and authors which have inspired it.
There are different means to identify the place where manuscripts were copied; the most evident i... more There are different means to identify the place where manuscripts were copied; the most evident is the colophon inserted by the scribe, which may content possible mention of the dedicator, of the place and of the date of copy. Other paleographic and codicologic details can help us at localizing the area where the manuscript was copied, though without any certainty, as the handwriting, the parchment, etc. The work I’m doing on the Sefer ha-Shorashim points to a third way I will deal about, the leʻazim, that is, the vernacular glosses. Indeed, probably because the scribes considered that the vernacular glosses were not the text itself, they did not prevent themselves to adapt them to their idiolect and even to add extra glosses which give us a clear indication of the place they lived in, or the place they came from. Thus, these vernacular glosses serve as markers and therefore contribute to a better knowledge of the transmission of that text.
Revue des études juives, 2023
Because they offered ready access to the Biblical text and to interpretation, lexicographical stu... more Because they offered ready access to the Biblical text and to interpretation, lexicographical studies by Jewish scholars in the Middle Ages gained wide distribution. These studies occur in two distinct genres: dictionaries of roots and glossaries. Dictionaries present roots in alphabetical order, which allowed the grouping of the words in Biblical Hebrew according to their roots. Glossaries, on the other hand, were teaching aids that facilitated word-for-word translation of Bible verses. The lemmas, which typically appear in the same grammatical forms as in verses, follow the order of the Biblical text, and are accompanied by vernacular translations.
Dictionaries of roots and glossaries coexisted during the medieval period. In the early Renaissance, glossaries--unlike David Qimḥi's famous dictionary of roots, Sefer ha-Shorashim, which was printed as early as 1470 in Rome-- remained unpublished, presumably because they were obsolete. The Maqre dardeqe, however--a hybrid between a glossary and a dictionary of roots--was published in 1488 in Naples. This paper will first describe the Maqre dardeqe, its author, and the extant witnesses before focusing more closely on the manuscript BNF Hébreu 1243, its literary genre, and its sources and influences.
The most recent edition of Sefer ha-shorashim was published by Johann Heinrich Biesenthal and Fue... more The most recent edition of Sefer ha-shorashim was published by Johann Heinrich Biesenthal and Fuerchtegott Lebrecht in Berlin in 1847. I shall henceforth refer to it as the BL edition. In a brief introduction to their work, the editors announce that they used the Naples edition from 1490 and three different manuscripts (p. 444) – a Spanish codex, a German codex (both of which then belonged to the Hebrew bibliographer Heimann J. Michael in Hamburg), and a third manuscript from the University L..
De quels manuels disposait-on pour étudier la Bible hébraïque au Moyen Âge ? Existaient-ils des d... more De quels manuels disposait-on pour étudier la Bible hébraïque au Moyen Âge ? Existaient-ils des dictionnaires pouvant aider les débutants à comprendre le texte sacré alors que l’hébreu n’était plus parlé depuis près de mille ans ? Plusieurs de ces ouvrages nous sont parvenus mais il en est un qui connut un grand succès, le Sefer ha-shorashim de David Qimḥi (Narbonne, 1210). Copié maintes fois durant le Moyen Âge, il a été traduit et adapté en latin à l’aube du XVIe siècle par des hébraïsan..
Editions de l'éclat, Sep 1, 2017
Sur les traces de la bibliothèque médiévale des Juifs de Colmar, 2019
La Bibliotheque municipale de Colmar conserve plus de 330 fragments hebreux colles sur les reliur... more La Bibliotheque municipale de Colmar conserve plus de 330 fragments hebreux colles sur les reliures d’incunables. Chacun d’eux peut a priori etre considere comme le temoin d’un livre disparu, probablement tombe entre les mains de relieurs a la suite de circonstances historiques tragiques. Apres les avoir decrits et identifies dans cet ouvrage, Judith Kogel a pu reconstituer la collection de livres etudies et utilises par les juifs de Colmar et des environs, au Moyen Âge. Bien que l’on ne puisse savoir a qui ils appartenaient et ou ils etaient conserves, ces livres recouvrent tous les textes indispensables a la vie juive quotidienne et refletent une communaute structuree pour la transmission des savoirs.
Joseph Seniri: Commentary on the Former Prophets, 2014
Revue des Études Juives, 1994
Dans l'histoire de l'exégèse juive de la Bible, le courant littéraliste dont Rashi est l'initiate... more Dans l'histoire de l'exégèse juive de la Bible, le courant littéraliste dont Rashi est l'initiateur constitue un phénomène original. Il se développe durant deux ou trois générations avant de décliner vers la fin du douzième siècle 1. Il nous a paru intéressant de nous interroger sur l'évolution des exégèses juives au cours de ce siècle, à partir d'un échantillon. Notre choix s'est porté sur Salomon ben Isaac, Samuel ben Meir et Joseph ben Isaac Bekhor Shor et nous les comparerons en conclusion à certaines exégèses chrétiennes (la Glossa Ordinaria et André de Saint-Victor). La péricope retenue est celle du veau d'or (Exode 32), en raison de l'enjeu théologique important qu'elle constitue depuis les débuts du christianisme. Ce travail procède d'une approche diachronique visant à mettre en évidence l'évolution des méthodes exégétiques. Afin de mettre en lumière leurs caractéristiques et de dégager une éventuelle évolution des méthodes, nous avons analysé et classé les exégèses des différents commentateurs. Par ailleurs, nous nous sommes intéressée à une approche plus thématique portant sur les difficultés principales de la péricope. Les auteurs Avant d'aborder l'analyse précise du chapitre 32 de l'Exode, nous avons estimé nécessaire de donner une brève notice de chacun des exégètes pris en considération 2. Le commentaire de la Bible du premier d'entre eux,
A Universal Art. Hebrew Grammar across Disciplines and Faiths, 2014
The study of the Hebrew language occupied a central place in Middle Ages, due to the importance g... more The study of the Hebrew language occupied a central place in Middle Ages, due to the importance given to grammar as an essential element in interpretation and transmission of the Bible. Modern scholars usually distinguish two major periods in history of the Hebrew language, first the grammatization, which is the elaboration of a coherent system of linguistic rules to describe the structures of the Hebrew language in terms of morphology, syntax and semantics, and then their consolidation and dissemination. Composed of many strata and created in the different countries where centres of study had developed, medieval linguistic terminology is composite. The author carries out a systematic study of the grammatical terminology and to establish a mapping of all the metalinguistic elements present in the grammatical works and exegesis. The reading of the data will facilitate research on the evolution of a given term as well as trans-regional comparison of terminology. Keywords: grammatical terminology; Hebrew language; medieval linguistic terminology; Middle Ages; trans-regional comparison; transmission
Zutot, 2021
Interest was aroused recently concerning a booklet of 28 folios entitled Tabula in universum indi... more Interest was aroused recently concerning a booklet of 28 folios entitled Tabula in universum indicans libros singularum disciplinarum. Formerly considered a 17th-century catalogue, it actually reflects the contents of the library of the Collège de Sorbonne in the mid-16th century. A project, directed by Gilbert Fournier, will identify the authors and works mentioned in the document and localize the books in Parisian and French libraries. Entrusted with the rubric Rabbini Hebraeorum, I quickly realized that I needed to work simultaneously on the catalogue and the dispersion of the library of the Collège. This back and forth process led to the discovery of the 1529 Bomberg Ashkenazic Siddur.
Cette these a pour objet l’edition critique du manuscrit BL Add. 18686 qui contient un commentair... more Cette these a pour objet l’edition critique du manuscrit BL Add. 18686 qui contient un commentaire anonyme et lacunaire des livres historiques de la Bible. L’exegese est concise et s’interesse a l’aspect semantique et morphologique des termes bibliques. Les nombreux termes provencaux introduits par l’appellation traditionnelle be-la‘az temoignent de l’origine geographique de l’auteur qui appartient probablement au courant d’exegese litteraliste juive de Provence. Le premier chapitre est consacre a une analyse codicologique et paleographique du manuscrit avec comme objectifs, retrouver la construction primitive des cahiers, degager l’histoire du manuscrit et fournir les indices permettant de proposer une datation et une localisation probables. Augmentee d’un apparat critique, l’edition du commentaire fait apparaitre les sources citees et inclut des renvois a des ouvrages grammaticaux et exegetiques anterieurs. Un volet de cette recherche est consacre a la place qu’occupe ce commentai...
Les premieres Bibles rabbiniques, ou le texte massoretique, au centre de la page, est entoure de ... more Les premieres Bibles rabbiniques, ou le texte massoretique, au centre de la page, est entoure de divers commentaires, ont ete imprimees par le chretien Daniel Bomberg a Venise (1524-1525). La plupart des editions ulterieures ont en partie reproduit cette disposition qui a faconne l’etude juive traditionnelle de l’Ecriture, en focalisant l’attention sur de petites unites textuelles et en empechant toute vision d’ensemble. Le systeme de pensee des exegetes rationalistes, comme Abraham Ibn Ezra, Gersonide ou Sforno, n’etant plus facilement accessible, il devint pratiquement impossible de discerner a quel point ces auteurs avaient ete marques par les idees de leur temps (platonisme, aristotelisme, humanisme, etc), ce que nous detaillerons dans cet article.
EL Séfer ha-ŠoraŠim DE DAVID QUIMḥÍ: UNA HERRAMIENTA DIDáCTICA.– Menos de cuarenta años después d... more EL Séfer ha-ŠoraŠim DE DAVID QUIMḥÍ: UNA HERRAMIENTA DIDáCTICA.– Menos de cuarenta años después de que Judá ibn Tibbón tradujera al hebreo el Kitāb al-Uṣūl de Ibn Ŷanāḥ, David Quimhí se aprestó a elaborar un nuevo diccionario de raíces hebreas conocido como Séfer ha-Šorašim. La obra alcanzó gran éxito y, en consecuencia, eclipsó el trabajo de su predecesor quien, en cualquier caso, había servido de modelo a Quimḥí. Una investigación preliminar basada en aquellas raíces encabezadas por las letras tet y sámej constituye una muestra representativa para el conocimiento de la historia del texto: primero, porque permite entender mejor los motivos de Quimḥí para llevar a cabo un nuevo diccionario; y después, porque el análisis de este corpus, relativamente pequeño, nos da pistas para entender el acercamiento lexicológico de Quimḥí a la raíz del hebreo y su estrategia a la hora de organizar cada entrada del diccionario.
Revue des Études Juives, 2016
Savants et croyants, 2018
Información del artículo Des fragments du commentaire perdu de Samson de Sens sur le Talmud décou... more Información del artículo Des fragments du commentaire perdu de Samson de Sens sur le Talmud découverts à la bibliothèque de Colmar.
Histoire Epistémologie Langage
La notion de trilitéralité des racines, fortement inspirée par la tradition arabe, a demandé une ... more La notion de trilitéralité des racines, fortement inspirée par la tradition arabe, a demandé une grande créativité pour être mise en œuvre dans la grammaire hébraïque. Judah Ḥayyuj (Fez, 950 – Cordoue, ca 1000) fit œuvre de pionnier en analysant le comportement des consonnes faibles qui peuvent ne pas être visibles dans certaines formes verbales tout en restant présentes dans la forme théorique de base. Ses travaux ont été poursuivis par Jonah ibn Janaḥ (Cordoue, ca 985/990 – ca 1050) dont les ouvrages, adaptés ou traduits en hébreu, ont permis la diffusion des doctrines grammaticales de l’hébreu en Europe chrétienne et l’adoption définitive de la théorie des racines trilitères. Les dictionnaires des racines sur le modèle du Kitāb al-uṣūl d’Ibn Janaḥ, outil commode pour classer le lexique biblique, devinrent populaires en Provence médiévale. Il restait cependant une difficulté majeure, à savoir les manières d’identifier la racine d’une forme nominale ou verbale complexe. Profiat Dur...
This paper aims at pursuing the work initiated in an article published in the Revue des études ju... more This paper aims at pursuing the work initiated in an article published in the Revue des études juives, about Un Diccionario Hebreo de Provenza (Siglo xiii), edited by Angel Saenz-Badillos in 1987. As I have already demonstrated, this text which was probably called Qitsur Shorashim, is extant in five manuscripts copied between the thirteenth and the sixteenth centuries.
Clearly, this dictionary was still in use in the Late Middle Ages and was popular enough to be copied by a Hebrew teacher, in a probable context of Christian Humanism. Its durability is impressive since it had to face the important dissemination of the famous Sefer ha-shorashim of David Qimḥi which undoubtedly was its main competitor. It should be added that the Qitsur Shorashim, which is an abridged version of Ibn Janah’s Kitāb al-Uṣūl translation by Judah Ibn Tibbon, reflects a previous state of the Hebrew grammar, compared to that of Qimḥi’s dictionary.
When and where was this Qitsur Shorashim produced? The presence of numerous Provençal glosses in the five manuscripts mentioned above, give us little doubt about the region in which it was composed, that is the same as David Qimḥi’s dictionary. Since only fifty years separate the translation into Hebrew of Kitāb al-Uṣūl by Judah Ibn Tibbon (Lunel, Provence) and the writing of David Qimhi’s Sefer ha-shorashim (Narbonne, Provence), one can wonder about the circumstances in which this abridged dictionary was written : before or after Qimhi’s Sefer ha-shorashim.
The answer will lead us to discuss the possible author and the intention he had when he composed the Qitsur Shorashim.
Brill, 2019
The Colmar Public Library preserves more than 330 Hebrew fragments glued to the bindings of incun... more The Colmar Public Library preserves more than 330 Hebrew fragments
glued to the bindings of incunabula. Each of them a priori can be
considered as a witness to a book that disappeared, probably fallen into
the hands of bookbinders as a result of tragic historical circumstances.
After describing and identifying them, Judith Kogel was able to partially
reconstruct and present in this book, the collection of texts studied and
used by Jews in Colmar and the surrounding area in the Middle Ages.
Although we cannot know to whom these books belonged and where
they were kept, the collection covers all areas essential to Jewish daily
life and reflects a structured community committed to the transmission
of knowledge.
II est peu probable que la lettre que Meïr Ben Siméon de Narbonne se proposait d'adresser au roi ... more II est peu probable que la lettre que Meïr Ben Siméon de Narbonne se proposait d'adresser au roi Louis IX – qui deviendra saint Louis en 1297 – lui soit parvenue ou ait même été envoyée. Une seule copie en a été conservée, avec d'autres textes de ce célèbre talmudiste, dans un manuscrit provençal du XIV e siècle, connu sous le nom de Milhemet mitsvah. Cette pseudo-missive présente un intérêt particulier dans le corpus des « suppliques » et autres « implorations » pour l'amélioration du sort des Juifs du royaume de France sous le règne de ce roi antijuif s'il en fût, en ce qu'elle fait intervenir – probablement pour la première fois dans cette littérature – des arguments économiques, fondés sur les Écritures. En interdisant aux Juifs le prêt à intérêt et en les privant d'une activité professionnelle qui leur permet de vivre décemment, écrit Meïr, le roi met en danger l'économie de son propre pays qui, sans l'usage du prêt, risque la faillite. Pièce maîtresse de l'histoire des Juifs de France au XIII e siècle, cette lettre vient enrichir décidément ce que l'on sait des rapports entre ce « saint » roi et ses sujets juifs, dont on connaît le soin qu'il prit à les ostraciser en même temps qu'à brûler leurs livres par « pleines charretées » sur la place de Paris.
