Simona Mihaiu | The Romanian Academy (original) (raw)
Books by Simona Mihaiu
Dincolo de prejudecăți și comportamente. Incluziunea socială a romilor, 2023
This study is the result of the project "Integrated action to combat hate crimes, especially thos... more This study is the result of the project "Integrated action to combat hate crimes, especially those against Roma communities, and ensure a high standard of quality in the police service" implemented by the Inspectorate General of the Romanian Police (IGPR) in partnership with various institutions and funded by the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2020. The overall objective of the project is to improve the institutional capacity to prevent, detect and investigate crimes with discriminatory motive and to increase the quality and accountability of the police service. The study has the following objectives: 1. Evalution of Attitudes and experiences of the population in general and of Roma people in particular with regard to victimisation and discriminatory crime; 2. Evaluation of expectations regarding the relationship between the community and the police as well as to highlight the perception of the citizens regarding the police work.
Dincolo de prejudecăți și comportamente. Incluziunea socială a romilor, 2023
Această publicație a fost realizată în cadrul proiectului "Acțiune integrată pentru combaterea in... more Această publicație a fost realizată în cadrul proiectului "Acțiune integrată pentru combaterea infracțiunilor cu mobil discriminatoriu, în special cele îndreptate împotriva comunităților roma, și asigurarea unui standard înalt de calitate al serviciului polițienesc"-RO-PAI-PDP3, proiect finanțat prin Mecanismul Financiar Norvegian 2014-2021 1 Sorin CACE (coordonator) Ecaterina BALICA Simona MIHAIU Horia MIHAI Dincolo de prejudecăți și comportamente. Incluziunea socială a romilor.
Prisoners' rights. Romania In The European Context, 2017
Raportul de față prezintă un set de recomandări menite să contribuie la îmbunătățirea cadrului le... more Raportul de față prezintă un set de recomandări menite să contribuie la îmbunătățirea cadrului legislativ actual și a practicii penitenciare în ceea ce privește respectarea drepturilor omului/ drepturile deținuților în închisorile din România. Aceste recomandări au la bază trei studii ample realizate de cercetătorii care au participat la implementarea proiectului intitulat „Drepturile persoanelor private de libertate. România în context European” (2015-2017).
Primul studiu, cu caracter documentar, a examinat gradul de aliniere a prevederilor legislative în domeniul executării pedepselor cu închisoarea la normele și principiile europene, prin analiza comparativă a Legii 254/2013 și a Recomandărilor cuprinse în Regulile Penitenciare Europene în ceea ce privește cinci „pachete de drepturi intersectate” (Frezzo, 2015), respectiv: (a) dreptul la viață decentă; (b) dreptul la dezvoltare personală; (c) dreptul la viață socială; (d) dreptul la viață civică, și (e) dreptul la siguranță și integritate personală. Recomandările rezultate în urma acestui demers sunt prezentate în Capitolul 1 (Secțiunea I) al prezentului raport.
Al doilea studiu, cu caracter empiric, a identificat percepțiile deținuților din 16 penitenciare din țară asupra practicii și exercițiului drepturilor deținuților, grupate pe aceleași cinci mari pachete de drepturi. Propunerile de recomandări formulate în urma acestui studiu fac substanța Capitolului al II-lea (Secțiunea I) al acestui raport.
Nu în ultimul rând, al treilea studiu a vizat analiza rapoartelor Comitetului European pentru Prevenirea Torturii (CPT), precum și cele ale Asociației APADOR-CH, în vederea examinării comparative a realității și practicii drepturilor omului/ drepturilor deținuților în penitenciarele din țară. Recomandările acestor instituții, unele ce vin în completarea recomandărilor noastre, altele care se suprapun cu acestea, sunt prezentate pe larg în Capitolele al III-lea și al IV-lea (Secțiunea a II-a) al prezentului raport.
Human Rights in Prison. A sociological Approach, 2018
According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, "all human beings are born free and equal... more According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, "all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights" (art.1). In line with this fundamental principle, the international/European penal policies and, implicitly, the Romanian penal legislation regulate the rights specific to a decent life of prisoners (e.g. the right to medical assistance, treatment and care; the right to clothing, bedding and minimum standards of accommodation; the right to rest etc.). Although a legal framework favourable to respecting the right of prisoners to a decent life has been developed at European level, there are several inconveniences in applying the required standards (
Violent criminality.Social meanings and implications, 2021
”Violent criminality” book makes a unique scientific contribution to the knowledge, explanation a... more ”Violent criminality” book makes a unique scientific contribution to the knowledge, explanation and prevention of violent crime, a phenomenon with serious and destructive consequences on the life and physical integrity of individuals and of the society which we are part of. It is the result of the author’s constant preoccupations with the topic of violent crime, supported by a long period of documentation and fundamental scientific research, which began 10 years ago, during her doctoral internship at the Faculty of Sociology and Social Work of the University of Bucharest. The approach is an integrative one, with a theoretical and an empirical validation stake, starting from the analysis of violent crime (forms, causes, incidence) and arriving at social and criminal policies designed to help prevent and combat the problem addressed. The book is intended both for specialists and the general reader interested in understanding the particularities and social implications of violent behaviour. At the same time, due to its clear and concise presentation style, it is a real support for undergraduate, master and doctoral students at faculties with a socio-humanistic profile. Once read, the book will help the reader understand that it is the right and duty of each of us to protect ourselves and to help counteract actions as harmful as violent and criminal ones.
Articles by Simona Mihaiu
Journal of Community Positive Practices (JCPP), 2022
Gender and age play an important role in shaping the risk of developing severe infection with COV... more Gender and age play an important role in shaping the risk of developing severe infection with COVID-19. The exposure to risks associated with COVID-19 differs by country, but the factors explaining the cross-national variations are not fully understood, while the analyses of incidence, mortality, and fatality by gender, and age cover a handful of countries, Romanian not included. This paper focuses on the unfolding of the COVID pandemic in Romania, looking at prevalence, mortality rate, and case fatality rate by age and gender, over the first 32 weeks of the pandemic. Data retrieved from EUROSTAT and the weekly reports issued by the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) reveals the uneven distribution of prevalence and fatality across gender and age groups. The results show that the infection was more spread among women between 40 and 59 years old, while men paid a higher death toll unevenly distributed across age groups.
Social Crimonol, 2018
This paper presents a part of the results of a research project named “Prisoners’ Rights. Romania... more This paper presents a part of the results of a research project named “Prisoners’ Rights. Romania in the EuropeanContext”, conducted at the Institute of Sociology of the Romanian Academy, between November 2015 and September2017. Given the novelty of our study for Romania, we have considered an exploratory data analysis as a feasiblemethodology, able to objectively highlight and model our findings. Based on the perception of the sociological inquiryrespondents (N=557), the main causes of the violation of their right to a decent life in penitentiary were identified tobe overcrowding, disinterest on the part of the state and old infrastructure of penitentiaries. From a statistical point ofview, the Pearson’s chi square test indicated significant or highly significant associations between most of the causesof the breaching the prisoners’ right to decent living.
Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty,Section: Social Sciences, 2014
Compared to various forms of manifestation of violent crime, familial homicide has a special psyc... more Compared to various forms of manifestation of violent crime, familial homicide has a special psychological, social, moral and cultural meaning, given both by the relations between the aggressor and the victim (conjugal homicide, maternal or paternal filicide, matricide, patricide, uxoricide, etc.) and by the prejudices to the familial institution. In this context, I shall focus on conjugal homicide and shall identify in scientific literature studies on aggressors and victims, the characteristics of the relations where violence occurs, as well as some risk elements. As for prevention, this is associated to the results of our own research regarding homicide and, implicitly, conjugal homicide. Thus, we have noticed that the results achieved within international research projects have had a significant scientific contribution for sociology, criminology, psychology and criminal law. In the following, I think that new directions of analysis of conjugal homicide should be outlined in Romania, able to ensure the development of effective social and criminal policies. For instance, the identification of etiological elements associated to the relationship between the victim and his/her aggressor helps us identify the types of risk in terms of perpetration of the crime (low, medium or high), as well as suitable social and legal protection actions.
Sociologie Românească, 2013
This paper presents the results of investigations carried out during the period September 2012-Fe... more This paper presents the results of investigations carried out during the period September 2012-February 2013, on a group of 184 persons definitively convicted to the execution of custodial sentences for crimes of murder, in the Maximum Security Penitentiary of Craiova. Our goal is to analyze, from a socio-criminological point of view, the aetiology of murder crimes and the research questions involve the chronological type of approach to the aggressors' life in relation to family environment, school environment, group of friends, criminal history and context of the offense. It also presents features of the relationship between aggressor and victim, analyzed according to the theory of the transition to the act, forwarded by Étienne De Greef. In order to obtain relevant information, we used the sociological survey, analysis of social documents, interview and observation. The results obtained using these research methods, the statistical techniques and procedures are complemented by case studies, of which, in this paper, are presented excerpts from the theoretical elements which reveal the ecological model of violence, risk factors associated to delinquent behaviour or delinquency a life choice. Our investigations were carried out within a larger research project, which included lots of people who have committed crimes of murder, rape and robbery. The results are presented in the thesis entitled Violent crime in Romania. Evaluation, aetiology and social prevention and can be used to develop national strategies for the prevention of violent crime.
Revue des Sciences Politiques , 2012
The aim of this study is to highlight the fact that violent criminality is now a social phenomeno... more The aim of this study is to highlight the fact that violent criminality is
now a social phenomenon that records very high weights compared to other acts
of criminality , both at national and European level. This first stage of our
research on violent criminality was completed by conducting a secondary analysis
of statistical data from national and European professional bodies (The Statistics
Commission of the European Union, the National Institute of Statistics, the
General Inspectorate of Romanian Police). Our results point out that the
transition Romanian society has seen significant increases in the expression of
violent criminality. Another result that we consider important is the fact that
most of the violent criminality acts were committed in rural areas, making it a
more "criminogenic" than urban area.If we consider the last two decades, we
believe that the social etiology of the acts of violent criminality is linked to sociocultural,
economic and political changes undergone by our country.
In this context, knowledge of the main manifestations of violent
criminality in Romania and their statistical weight is an important step which is
to create prerequisites for further thorough studies. Therefore, actual results will
be complemented by quantitative and qualitative analysis designed to identify the
causes of violent criminality and possible strategies to reduce this social
phenomenon.
SOCIAL RESEARCH: THEORY AND PRACTICE, 2015
In Romania there are not specific studies concerning conjugal homicides and thus, there are not i... more In Romania there are not specific studies concerning conjugal homicides and
thus, there are not implemented intervention strategies in this field. In this context, I
propose a socio-demographic approach of conjugal homicide, based on the
analysis of the statistical data recorded in Romania, 2007-2013. According to the
information recorded by Prosecutor's Office High Court of Cassation and Justice,
during this period, there were investigated 7.048 homicide acts, of which 786
(11.52%) of conjugal homicide. Most persons investigated for these offenses are
males (94.28%), aged between 21-55 years (76.26%), residents in rural areas
(62.65%). More than half have only finished high school (61.01%) and 58.51% had
no occupation. Based on these indicators, I intend to emphasize new research
directions for conjugal homicide in our country. Once understood particularities of
this type of crime, it can be initiated in our country, special prevention strategies,
focusing on the people involved, families, friends etc.
Probation Junior, 2015
La présente étude sociologique se concentre sur les homicides et vise l'esquisse d'un modèle étio... more La présente étude sociologique se concentre sur les homicides et vise l'esquisse d'un modèle étiologique. La recherche s'est déroulée dans le Pénitencier à sécurité maximale de Craiova et a consisté dans l'enquête sur les personnes définitivement condamnées purgeant une peine d'emprisonnement pour le crime dʼassassinat. 184 questionnaires ont été soumis, 16 études de cas ont été menées sur la base de l'analyse des dossiers de détenus et des entretiens personnels. Nous avons identifie identifié un certain nombre de facteurs de risque pour les infractions d'homicide, en relation avec le profil socio-démographique, le milieu et les conditions de vie et avec les relations au sein de la famille de l'auteur des faits. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous pouvons proposer un modèle de prévention visant l'intervention des autorités sur les familles roumaines ou apparaissent des comportements à haut risque. Les propositions avancées soulignent la nécessité de mettre en corrélation les mesures prises en Roumanie pour protéger la vie et l'intégrité de la personne avec celles qui sont mises en oeuvre en Europe.
Today's Children are Tomorrow's Parents, 2013
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the causal relationship between the delinquent... more Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the causal relationship between the delinquent
behavior of juveniles and further development of violent criminal behavior.
Methods: application of a number of 290 questionnaires to persons definitively convicted for
committing violent crime infractions, institutionalized in the Maximum Security Prison from
Craiova.
Results: The most important results regarding our hypothesis consist of emphasizing the causal
relationships between juvenile delinquency and violent crime for more than 70% of cases.
More precisely, most of the people who have committed acts of violent crime in adulthood have
a criminal history that began in childhood or adolescence (12-18 years).
Likewise, in this regard are important the correlations related to juvenile delinquency, low level
of education of the subjects and also the presence in the family of origin of deviant behavior.
Conclusions: Our hypothesis was validated by the theoretico-methodological research that
was carried out. The results proved that juvenile delinquency may lead to a violent criminal
behavior in adulthood.
Practical implications: We propose the implementation of strategies for preventing juvenile
delinquency in secondary education, with a focus on developing emotional intelligence, based
on the model developed by the American psychologist Daniel Goleman.
We consider that preventing juvenile delinquency is a key factor in preventing violent criminal
behavior developed in adulthood.
Analele Universității Constantin Brâncuși, 2015
ABSTRACT THE AIM OF THE PRESENT PAPER IS TO SYNTHETIZE THEORIES AND OUTCOMES OF RESEACRH IN THE F... more ABSTRACT
THE AIM OF THE PRESENT PAPER IS TO SYNTHETIZE THEORIES AND OUTCOMES OF RESEACRH IN THE
FIELD OF PSHYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY ON ETIOLOGY OF VIOLENT CRIME. THE SPECIFIC
EXPLANATIONS FOR THESE ORIENTATIONS PRESENT, AT LARGE, A COMMON ELEMENT WITH BIOLOGY,
WHICH I FIND IMPORTANT TO EMPHASIZE, I.E. SOME FLAWS AND DISABILITIES, INNATE OR ACQUIRED
(IN POINT OF THE MENTAL, TEMPERAMENT, CHARACTER, PERSONALITY LEVEL) IN THE CASE OF
INDIVIDUALS WITH VIOLENT CONDUCT. STARTING FROM THIS CONTEXT, THE ATTENTION WILL BE
FOCUSED ON THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACHES CONCERNING: THE INNATE INSTINCTS OF
AGGRESIVENESS (FREUD, 1991; ABRAHAMSEN, 1973), LEARNING THE AGGRESSIVE CONDUCT
(BANDURA, 1973), THE CONNECTION BETWEEN FRUSTRATION AND AGGRESIVENESS (DOLLARD, 1939),
PSYCHIC DISORDERS AND MENTAL ILLNESSES (HALLEK, 1967; HARE ȘI MCPHERSON, 1984; SALEKIN ET
AL., 1996; PORTER ȘI WOODHORTS, 2007; MELOY, 2007; SHAW ȘI PORTER 2012). THE MOTIVATION OF
THE SUBJECT MATTER REFERS TO THE FACT THAT LATELY ACTS OF VIOLENT CRIMES HAVE
FREQUENTLY OCCURRED AT THE SOCIETAL LEVEL SO THAT THEY CAN SOMETIMES BE CONSIDERED
COMMON OR FAMILIAR FACTS. AS A MATER OF FACT IT IS ABOUT NOT OBSERVING ANY INDIVIDUAL’S
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO LIFE, THE INDIVIDUA’S SECURITY AND FREEDOM. CONSEQUENTLY, THIS
SOCIAL ISSUE IS WORTH PAYING GREATER ATTENTION FROM RESEARCHERS IN THE DOMAIN AND THE
SPECIALIZED ORGANIZATIONS. THE CONCLUSIONS OF THE PAPER REFER TO THE CHARACTERISTICS
AND LIMITS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS ON VIOLENT CRIMES
AND AT THE SAME TIME EMPHASIZE NEW RESEARCH DIRECTIONS.
KEY WORDS: VIOLENT CRIME, ETIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, AGGRESIVENESS.
Social Sciences and Education Research Review, 2019
This paper presents a part of the results of a research project named "Prisoners' Rights. Romania... more This paper presents a part of the results of a research project named "Prisoners' Rights. Romania in the European Context", conducted at the Institute of Sociology of the Romanian Academy, between November 2015 and September 2017. Given the novelty of our study for Romania, we have considered an exploratory data analysis as a feasible methodology, able to objectively highlight and model our findings. Based on the perception of the sociological inquiry respondents (N = 557), the main causes of the violation of their right to a decent life in penitentiary were identified to be overcrowding, disinterest on the part of the state and old infrastructure of penitentiaries. From a statistical point of view, the Pearson's chi square test indicated significant or highly significant associations between most of the causes of the breaching the prisoners' right to decent living.
Journal of Community Positive Practices, 2022
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an upward trend in domestic violence cases at the international ... more The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an upward trend in domestic violence cases at the international and, of course, national level. In fact, over time it has been shown that there are links between various natural disasters or pandemics and the increase in these cases. The first part of the study provides a brief theoretical analysis of domestic violence, as well as the main forms of manifestation and consequences for the victim. The second part focuses on the interrelationship between the sanitary measures imposed in the pandemic context and the impact on the evolution of this problem, as well as the identification of general factors that contributed to the emergence and maintenance of domestic violence, before and especially in the first year of the pandemic. Through the secondary data analysis, the third part of the study highlights the trends of domestic violence in Romania in the period between 2016-2020, focusing on the first year of the pandemic (2020), by looking at the statistics provided by the Agenţia Naţională Pentru Egalitate de Şanse pentru Femei şi Bărbaţi (ANES). The last part of our paper offers a series of discussions and conclusions on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the evolution of domestic violence cases. The main limitation of the study was a time deficit in the supply of specific statistics for 2021, as well as the general unpredictability of the pandemic in terms of future trends in domestic violence and case reporting.
Papers by Simona Mihaiu
Sociologie Româneasca = Romanian Sociology, 2013
This paper presents the results of investigations carried out during the period September 2012-Fe... more This paper presents the results of investigations carried out during the period September 2012-February 2013, on a group of 184 persons definitively convicted to the execution of custodial sentences for crimes of murder, in the Maximum Security Penitentiary of Craiova. Our goal is to analyze, from a socio criminological point of view, the aetiology of murder crimes and the research questions involve the chronological type of approach to the aggressors' life in relation to family environment, school environment, group of friends, criminal history and context of the offense. It also presents features of the relationship between aggressor and victim, analyzed according to the theory of the transition to the act, forwarded by Étienne De Greef. In order to obtain relevant information, we used the sociological survey, analysis of social documents, interview and observation. The results obtained using these research methods, the statistical techniques and procedures are complemented by...
Research Institute for Quality of Life, 2020
Principalele obiective ale raportului de faţă sunt identificarea efectelor sociale cauzate de pan... more Principalele obiective ale raportului de faţă sunt identificarea efectelor sociale cauzate de pandemia de coronavirus (Covid-19) şi propunerea unor politici de răspuns.
România se confruntă, în paralel, cu două crize: prima, criza medicală, ce ţine de evoluţia şi dinamica pandemiei, a cărei durată rămâne imprevizibilă. A doua criză este de natură economică. Spre deosebire de cea medicală, care produce efecte imediate, criza economică are implicaţii sociale care încep să se resimtă şi vor fi vizibile pe termen imediat şi mediu.
În raport sunt tratate două tipuri de probleme: (1) probleme socio-economice, cauzate de pandemia de coronavirus şi (2) probleme structurale ale societăţii româneşti. În perioada de creştere economică din ultimul deceniu, acestea din urmă au fost, în bună parte, trecute în plan secund. Sub şocul pandemiei, problemele structurale îşi vor (re)face resimţită prezenţa şi vor deveni din ce în ce mai presante.
Pentru a ne face o idee despre ce ne aşteptăm în plan economic şi social în această perioadă foarte dinamică, raportul porneşte de la lecţiile crizelor prin care a trecut România. Contextul dificil de la începutul anului 2020 schimbă perspectiva asupra politicilor de răspuns şi constrângerilor la care trebuie să facă faţă.
O parte dintre veniturile populaţiei sunt deja afectate de pandemie. Vorbim, în principal, despre veniturile primare, care s-au redus în mod vizibil. În raport sunt analizate şi veniturile din redistribuire şi principalele probleme ale celor două componente ale sistemului de protecţie socială: asigurările sociale şi asistenţa socială. Pentru fiecare dintre acestea sunt formulate recomandări de politici sociale.
O problemă complexă a crizelor prin care a trecut România ţine de finanţarea deficitului public, respectiv de finanţarea relansării economiei şi a susţinerii protecţiei sociale. Raportul oferă recomandări şi în această direcţie. Comportamentele sociale în contextul stării de urgenţă, controlul social şi câteva situaţii specifice (utilizarea sistemelor electronice de plată, penitenciarele) sunt tratate în ultima parte.
În funcţie de orizontul de timp al măsurilor propuse, cititorul va găsi două tipuri de recomandări: cele imediate şi cele pe termen mediu şi lung. De asemenea, unele dintre problemele abordate sunt însoţite de recomandări, iar pentru altele sunt prezentate doar opţiunile sau posibilele direcţii de acţiune.
Dincolo de prejudecăți și comportamente. Incluziunea socială a romilor, 2023
This study is the result of the project "Integrated action to combat hate crimes, especially thos... more This study is the result of the project "Integrated action to combat hate crimes, especially those against Roma communities, and ensure a high standard of quality in the police service" implemented by the Inspectorate General of the Romanian Police (IGPR) in partnership with various institutions and funded by the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2020. The overall objective of the project is to improve the institutional capacity to prevent, detect and investigate crimes with discriminatory motive and to increase the quality and accountability of the police service. The study has the following objectives: 1. Evalution of Attitudes and experiences of the population in general and of Roma people in particular with regard to victimisation and discriminatory crime; 2. Evaluation of expectations regarding the relationship between the community and the police as well as to highlight the perception of the citizens regarding the police work.
Dincolo de prejudecăți și comportamente. Incluziunea socială a romilor, 2023
Această publicație a fost realizată în cadrul proiectului "Acțiune integrată pentru combaterea in... more Această publicație a fost realizată în cadrul proiectului "Acțiune integrată pentru combaterea infracțiunilor cu mobil discriminatoriu, în special cele îndreptate împotriva comunităților roma, și asigurarea unui standard înalt de calitate al serviciului polițienesc"-RO-PAI-PDP3, proiect finanțat prin Mecanismul Financiar Norvegian 2014-2021 1 Sorin CACE (coordonator) Ecaterina BALICA Simona MIHAIU Horia MIHAI Dincolo de prejudecăți și comportamente. Incluziunea socială a romilor.
Prisoners' rights. Romania In The European Context, 2017
Raportul de față prezintă un set de recomandări menite să contribuie la îmbunătățirea cadrului le... more Raportul de față prezintă un set de recomandări menite să contribuie la îmbunătățirea cadrului legislativ actual și a practicii penitenciare în ceea ce privește respectarea drepturilor omului/ drepturile deținuților în închisorile din România. Aceste recomandări au la bază trei studii ample realizate de cercetătorii care au participat la implementarea proiectului intitulat „Drepturile persoanelor private de libertate. România în context European” (2015-2017).
Primul studiu, cu caracter documentar, a examinat gradul de aliniere a prevederilor legislative în domeniul executării pedepselor cu închisoarea la normele și principiile europene, prin analiza comparativă a Legii 254/2013 și a Recomandărilor cuprinse în Regulile Penitenciare Europene în ceea ce privește cinci „pachete de drepturi intersectate” (Frezzo, 2015), respectiv: (a) dreptul la viață decentă; (b) dreptul la dezvoltare personală; (c) dreptul la viață socială; (d) dreptul la viață civică, și (e) dreptul la siguranță și integritate personală. Recomandările rezultate în urma acestui demers sunt prezentate în Capitolul 1 (Secțiunea I) al prezentului raport.
Al doilea studiu, cu caracter empiric, a identificat percepțiile deținuților din 16 penitenciare din țară asupra practicii și exercițiului drepturilor deținuților, grupate pe aceleași cinci mari pachete de drepturi. Propunerile de recomandări formulate în urma acestui studiu fac substanța Capitolului al II-lea (Secțiunea I) al acestui raport.
Nu în ultimul rând, al treilea studiu a vizat analiza rapoartelor Comitetului European pentru Prevenirea Torturii (CPT), precum și cele ale Asociației APADOR-CH, în vederea examinării comparative a realității și practicii drepturilor omului/ drepturilor deținuților în penitenciarele din țară. Recomandările acestor instituții, unele ce vin în completarea recomandărilor noastre, altele care se suprapun cu acestea, sunt prezentate pe larg în Capitolele al III-lea și al IV-lea (Secțiunea a II-a) al prezentului raport.
Human Rights in Prison. A sociological Approach, 2018
According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, "all human beings are born free and equal... more According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, "all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights" (art.1). In line with this fundamental principle, the international/European penal policies and, implicitly, the Romanian penal legislation regulate the rights specific to a decent life of prisoners (e.g. the right to medical assistance, treatment and care; the right to clothing, bedding and minimum standards of accommodation; the right to rest etc.). Although a legal framework favourable to respecting the right of prisoners to a decent life has been developed at European level, there are several inconveniences in applying the required standards (
Violent criminality.Social meanings and implications, 2021
”Violent criminality” book makes a unique scientific contribution to the knowledge, explanation a... more ”Violent criminality” book makes a unique scientific contribution to the knowledge, explanation and prevention of violent crime, a phenomenon with serious and destructive consequences on the life and physical integrity of individuals and of the society which we are part of. It is the result of the author’s constant preoccupations with the topic of violent crime, supported by a long period of documentation and fundamental scientific research, which began 10 years ago, during her doctoral internship at the Faculty of Sociology and Social Work of the University of Bucharest. The approach is an integrative one, with a theoretical and an empirical validation stake, starting from the analysis of violent crime (forms, causes, incidence) and arriving at social and criminal policies designed to help prevent and combat the problem addressed. The book is intended both for specialists and the general reader interested in understanding the particularities and social implications of violent behaviour. At the same time, due to its clear and concise presentation style, it is a real support for undergraduate, master and doctoral students at faculties with a socio-humanistic profile. Once read, the book will help the reader understand that it is the right and duty of each of us to protect ourselves and to help counteract actions as harmful as violent and criminal ones.
Journal of Community Positive Practices (JCPP), 2022
Gender and age play an important role in shaping the risk of developing severe infection with COV... more Gender and age play an important role in shaping the risk of developing severe infection with COVID-19. The exposure to risks associated with COVID-19 differs by country, but the factors explaining the cross-national variations are not fully understood, while the analyses of incidence, mortality, and fatality by gender, and age cover a handful of countries, Romanian not included. This paper focuses on the unfolding of the COVID pandemic in Romania, looking at prevalence, mortality rate, and case fatality rate by age and gender, over the first 32 weeks of the pandemic. Data retrieved from EUROSTAT and the weekly reports issued by the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) reveals the uneven distribution of prevalence and fatality across gender and age groups. The results show that the infection was more spread among women between 40 and 59 years old, while men paid a higher death toll unevenly distributed across age groups.
Social Crimonol, 2018
This paper presents a part of the results of a research project named “Prisoners’ Rights. Romania... more This paper presents a part of the results of a research project named “Prisoners’ Rights. Romania in the EuropeanContext”, conducted at the Institute of Sociology of the Romanian Academy, between November 2015 and September2017. Given the novelty of our study for Romania, we have considered an exploratory data analysis as a feasiblemethodology, able to objectively highlight and model our findings. Based on the perception of the sociological inquiryrespondents (N=557), the main causes of the violation of their right to a decent life in penitentiary were identified tobe overcrowding, disinterest on the part of the state and old infrastructure of penitentiaries. From a statistical point ofview, the Pearson’s chi square test indicated significant or highly significant associations between most of the causesof the breaching the prisoners’ right to decent living.
Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty,Section: Social Sciences, 2014
Compared to various forms of manifestation of violent crime, familial homicide has a special psyc... more Compared to various forms of manifestation of violent crime, familial homicide has a special psychological, social, moral and cultural meaning, given both by the relations between the aggressor and the victim (conjugal homicide, maternal or paternal filicide, matricide, patricide, uxoricide, etc.) and by the prejudices to the familial institution. In this context, I shall focus on conjugal homicide and shall identify in scientific literature studies on aggressors and victims, the characteristics of the relations where violence occurs, as well as some risk elements. As for prevention, this is associated to the results of our own research regarding homicide and, implicitly, conjugal homicide. Thus, we have noticed that the results achieved within international research projects have had a significant scientific contribution for sociology, criminology, psychology and criminal law. In the following, I think that new directions of analysis of conjugal homicide should be outlined in Romania, able to ensure the development of effective social and criminal policies. For instance, the identification of etiological elements associated to the relationship between the victim and his/her aggressor helps us identify the types of risk in terms of perpetration of the crime (low, medium or high), as well as suitable social and legal protection actions.
Sociologie Românească, 2013
This paper presents the results of investigations carried out during the period September 2012-Fe... more This paper presents the results of investigations carried out during the period September 2012-February 2013, on a group of 184 persons definitively convicted to the execution of custodial sentences for crimes of murder, in the Maximum Security Penitentiary of Craiova. Our goal is to analyze, from a socio-criminological point of view, the aetiology of murder crimes and the research questions involve the chronological type of approach to the aggressors' life in relation to family environment, school environment, group of friends, criminal history and context of the offense. It also presents features of the relationship between aggressor and victim, analyzed according to the theory of the transition to the act, forwarded by Étienne De Greef. In order to obtain relevant information, we used the sociological survey, analysis of social documents, interview and observation. The results obtained using these research methods, the statistical techniques and procedures are complemented by case studies, of which, in this paper, are presented excerpts from the theoretical elements which reveal the ecological model of violence, risk factors associated to delinquent behaviour or delinquency a life choice. Our investigations were carried out within a larger research project, which included lots of people who have committed crimes of murder, rape and robbery. The results are presented in the thesis entitled Violent crime in Romania. Evaluation, aetiology and social prevention and can be used to develop national strategies for the prevention of violent crime.
Revue des Sciences Politiques , 2012
The aim of this study is to highlight the fact that violent criminality is now a social phenomeno... more The aim of this study is to highlight the fact that violent criminality is
now a social phenomenon that records very high weights compared to other acts
of criminality , both at national and European level. This first stage of our
research on violent criminality was completed by conducting a secondary analysis
of statistical data from national and European professional bodies (The Statistics
Commission of the European Union, the National Institute of Statistics, the
General Inspectorate of Romanian Police). Our results point out that the
transition Romanian society has seen significant increases in the expression of
violent criminality. Another result that we consider important is the fact that
most of the violent criminality acts were committed in rural areas, making it a
more "criminogenic" than urban area.If we consider the last two decades, we
believe that the social etiology of the acts of violent criminality is linked to sociocultural,
economic and political changes undergone by our country.
In this context, knowledge of the main manifestations of violent
criminality in Romania and their statistical weight is an important step which is
to create prerequisites for further thorough studies. Therefore, actual results will
be complemented by quantitative and qualitative analysis designed to identify the
causes of violent criminality and possible strategies to reduce this social
phenomenon.
SOCIAL RESEARCH: THEORY AND PRACTICE, 2015
In Romania there are not specific studies concerning conjugal homicides and thus, there are not i... more In Romania there are not specific studies concerning conjugal homicides and
thus, there are not implemented intervention strategies in this field. In this context, I
propose a socio-demographic approach of conjugal homicide, based on the
analysis of the statistical data recorded in Romania, 2007-2013. According to the
information recorded by Prosecutor's Office High Court of Cassation and Justice,
during this period, there were investigated 7.048 homicide acts, of which 786
(11.52%) of conjugal homicide. Most persons investigated for these offenses are
males (94.28%), aged between 21-55 years (76.26%), residents in rural areas
(62.65%). More than half have only finished high school (61.01%) and 58.51% had
no occupation. Based on these indicators, I intend to emphasize new research
directions for conjugal homicide in our country. Once understood particularities of
this type of crime, it can be initiated in our country, special prevention strategies,
focusing on the people involved, families, friends etc.
Probation Junior, 2015
La présente étude sociologique se concentre sur les homicides et vise l'esquisse d'un modèle étio... more La présente étude sociologique se concentre sur les homicides et vise l'esquisse d'un modèle étiologique. La recherche s'est déroulée dans le Pénitencier à sécurité maximale de Craiova et a consisté dans l'enquête sur les personnes définitivement condamnées purgeant une peine d'emprisonnement pour le crime dʼassassinat. 184 questionnaires ont été soumis, 16 études de cas ont été menées sur la base de l'analyse des dossiers de détenus et des entretiens personnels. Nous avons identifie identifié un certain nombre de facteurs de risque pour les infractions d'homicide, en relation avec le profil socio-démographique, le milieu et les conditions de vie et avec les relations au sein de la famille de l'auteur des faits. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous pouvons proposer un modèle de prévention visant l'intervention des autorités sur les familles roumaines ou apparaissent des comportements à haut risque. Les propositions avancées soulignent la nécessité de mettre en corrélation les mesures prises en Roumanie pour protéger la vie et l'intégrité de la personne avec celles qui sont mises en oeuvre en Europe.
Today's Children are Tomorrow's Parents, 2013
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the causal relationship between the delinquent... more Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the causal relationship between the delinquent
behavior of juveniles and further development of violent criminal behavior.
Methods: application of a number of 290 questionnaires to persons definitively convicted for
committing violent crime infractions, institutionalized in the Maximum Security Prison from
Craiova.
Results: The most important results regarding our hypothesis consist of emphasizing the causal
relationships between juvenile delinquency and violent crime for more than 70% of cases.
More precisely, most of the people who have committed acts of violent crime in adulthood have
a criminal history that began in childhood or adolescence (12-18 years).
Likewise, in this regard are important the correlations related to juvenile delinquency, low level
of education of the subjects and also the presence in the family of origin of deviant behavior.
Conclusions: Our hypothesis was validated by the theoretico-methodological research that
was carried out. The results proved that juvenile delinquency may lead to a violent criminal
behavior in adulthood.
Practical implications: We propose the implementation of strategies for preventing juvenile
delinquency in secondary education, with a focus on developing emotional intelligence, based
on the model developed by the American psychologist Daniel Goleman.
We consider that preventing juvenile delinquency is a key factor in preventing violent criminal
behavior developed in adulthood.
Analele Universității Constantin Brâncuși, 2015
ABSTRACT THE AIM OF THE PRESENT PAPER IS TO SYNTHETIZE THEORIES AND OUTCOMES OF RESEACRH IN THE F... more ABSTRACT
THE AIM OF THE PRESENT PAPER IS TO SYNTHETIZE THEORIES AND OUTCOMES OF RESEACRH IN THE
FIELD OF PSHYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY ON ETIOLOGY OF VIOLENT CRIME. THE SPECIFIC
EXPLANATIONS FOR THESE ORIENTATIONS PRESENT, AT LARGE, A COMMON ELEMENT WITH BIOLOGY,
WHICH I FIND IMPORTANT TO EMPHASIZE, I.E. SOME FLAWS AND DISABILITIES, INNATE OR ACQUIRED
(IN POINT OF THE MENTAL, TEMPERAMENT, CHARACTER, PERSONALITY LEVEL) IN THE CASE OF
INDIVIDUALS WITH VIOLENT CONDUCT. STARTING FROM THIS CONTEXT, THE ATTENTION WILL BE
FOCUSED ON THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACHES CONCERNING: THE INNATE INSTINCTS OF
AGGRESIVENESS (FREUD, 1991; ABRAHAMSEN, 1973), LEARNING THE AGGRESSIVE CONDUCT
(BANDURA, 1973), THE CONNECTION BETWEEN FRUSTRATION AND AGGRESIVENESS (DOLLARD, 1939),
PSYCHIC DISORDERS AND MENTAL ILLNESSES (HALLEK, 1967; HARE ȘI MCPHERSON, 1984; SALEKIN ET
AL., 1996; PORTER ȘI WOODHORTS, 2007; MELOY, 2007; SHAW ȘI PORTER 2012). THE MOTIVATION OF
THE SUBJECT MATTER REFERS TO THE FACT THAT LATELY ACTS OF VIOLENT CRIMES HAVE
FREQUENTLY OCCURRED AT THE SOCIETAL LEVEL SO THAT THEY CAN SOMETIMES BE CONSIDERED
COMMON OR FAMILIAR FACTS. AS A MATER OF FACT IT IS ABOUT NOT OBSERVING ANY INDIVIDUAL’S
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO LIFE, THE INDIVIDUA’S SECURITY AND FREEDOM. CONSEQUENTLY, THIS
SOCIAL ISSUE IS WORTH PAYING GREATER ATTENTION FROM RESEARCHERS IN THE DOMAIN AND THE
SPECIALIZED ORGANIZATIONS. THE CONCLUSIONS OF THE PAPER REFER TO THE CHARACTERISTICS
AND LIMITS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS ON VIOLENT CRIMES
AND AT THE SAME TIME EMPHASIZE NEW RESEARCH DIRECTIONS.
KEY WORDS: VIOLENT CRIME, ETIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, AGGRESIVENESS.
Social Sciences and Education Research Review, 2019
This paper presents a part of the results of a research project named "Prisoners' Rights. Romania... more This paper presents a part of the results of a research project named "Prisoners' Rights. Romania in the European Context", conducted at the Institute of Sociology of the Romanian Academy, between November 2015 and September 2017. Given the novelty of our study for Romania, we have considered an exploratory data analysis as a feasible methodology, able to objectively highlight and model our findings. Based on the perception of the sociological inquiry respondents (N = 557), the main causes of the violation of their right to a decent life in penitentiary were identified to be overcrowding, disinterest on the part of the state and old infrastructure of penitentiaries. From a statistical point of view, the Pearson's chi square test indicated significant or highly significant associations between most of the causes of the breaching the prisoners' right to decent living.
Journal of Community Positive Practices, 2022
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an upward trend in domestic violence cases at the international ... more The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an upward trend in domestic violence cases at the international and, of course, national level. In fact, over time it has been shown that there are links between various natural disasters or pandemics and the increase in these cases. The first part of the study provides a brief theoretical analysis of domestic violence, as well as the main forms of manifestation and consequences for the victim. The second part focuses on the interrelationship between the sanitary measures imposed in the pandemic context and the impact on the evolution of this problem, as well as the identification of general factors that contributed to the emergence and maintenance of domestic violence, before and especially in the first year of the pandemic. Through the secondary data analysis, the third part of the study highlights the trends of domestic violence in Romania in the period between 2016-2020, focusing on the first year of the pandemic (2020), by looking at the statistics provided by the Agenţia Naţională Pentru Egalitate de Şanse pentru Femei şi Bărbaţi (ANES). The last part of our paper offers a series of discussions and conclusions on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the evolution of domestic violence cases. The main limitation of the study was a time deficit in the supply of specific statistics for 2021, as well as the general unpredictability of the pandemic in terms of future trends in domestic violence and case reporting.
Sociologie Româneasca = Romanian Sociology, 2013
This paper presents the results of investigations carried out during the period September 2012-Fe... more This paper presents the results of investigations carried out during the period September 2012-February 2013, on a group of 184 persons definitively convicted to the execution of custodial sentences for crimes of murder, in the Maximum Security Penitentiary of Craiova. Our goal is to analyze, from a socio criminological point of view, the aetiology of murder crimes and the research questions involve the chronological type of approach to the aggressors' life in relation to family environment, school environment, group of friends, criminal history and context of the offense. It also presents features of the relationship between aggressor and victim, analyzed according to the theory of the transition to the act, forwarded by Étienne De Greef. In order to obtain relevant information, we used the sociological survey, analysis of social documents, interview and observation. The results obtained using these research methods, the statistical techniques and procedures are complemented by...
Research Institute for Quality of Life, 2020
Principalele obiective ale raportului de faţă sunt identificarea efectelor sociale cauzate de pan... more Principalele obiective ale raportului de faţă sunt identificarea efectelor sociale cauzate de pandemia de coronavirus (Covid-19) şi propunerea unor politici de răspuns.
România se confruntă, în paralel, cu două crize: prima, criza medicală, ce ţine de evoluţia şi dinamica pandemiei, a cărei durată rămâne imprevizibilă. A doua criză este de natură economică. Spre deosebire de cea medicală, care produce efecte imediate, criza economică are implicaţii sociale care încep să se resimtă şi vor fi vizibile pe termen imediat şi mediu.
În raport sunt tratate două tipuri de probleme: (1) probleme socio-economice, cauzate de pandemia de coronavirus şi (2) probleme structurale ale societăţii româneşti. În perioada de creştere economică din ultimul deceniu, acestea din urmă au fost, în bună parte, trecute în plan secund. Sub şocul pandemiei, problemele structurale îşi vor (re)face resimţită prezenţa şi vor deveni din ce în ce mai presante.
Pentru a ne face o idee despre ce ne aşteptăm în plan economic şi social în această perioadă foarte dinamică, raportul porneşte de la lecţiile crizelor prin care a trecut România. Contextul dificil de la începutul anului 2020 schimbă perspectiva asupra politicilor de răspuns şi constrângerilor la care trebuie să facă faţă.
O parte dintre veniturile populaţiei sunt deja afectate de pandemie. Vorbim, în principal, despre veniturile primare, care s-au redus în mod vizibil. În raport sunt analizate şi veniturile din redistribuire şi principalele probleme ale celor două componente ale sistemului de protecţie socială: asigurările sociale şi asistenţa socială. Pentru fiecare dintre acestea sunt formulate recomandări de politici sociale.
O problemă complexă a crizelor prin care a trecut România ţine de finanţarea deficitului public, respectiv de finanţarea relansării economiei şi a susţinerii protecţiei sociale. Raportul oferă recomandări şi în această direcţie. Comportamentele sociale în contextul stării de urgenţă, controlul social şi câteva situaţii specifice (utilizarea sistemelor electronice de plată, penitenciarele) sunt tratate în ultima parte.
În funcţie de orizontul de timp al măsurilor propuse, cititorul va găsi două tipuri de recomandări: cele imediate şi cele pe termen mediu şi lung. De asemenea, unele dintre problemele abordate sunt însoţite de recomandări, iar pentru altele sunt prezentate doar opţiunile sau posibilele direcţii de acţiune.