Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz | CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Spanish National Research Council) (original) (raw)

Papers by Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz

Environmental Research, Mar 1, 2023

The changes of physicochemical and biochemical parameters of a silty loam (S1) and sandy loam (S2... more The changes of physicochemical and biochemical parameters of a silty loam (S1) and sandy loam (S2) vineyard soils added with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) or SMS composted with ophite (OF) as rock dust (SMS + OF) were studied. Two doses of SMS or SMS + OF (25 and 100 Mg ha − 1) were applied for two consecutive years (2020-2021) and changes of soil physicochemical parameters, and dehydrogenase activity (DHA), respiration (RES), microbial biomass (BIO), and the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profile were assayed on a temporal basis. The results showed an increase in soil organic carbon (OC) content, total and mineralised N, P, and K, especially when the highest SMS dose was applied to soils. Repeated application caused OC content over time up to 2.3 times higher than initial content in the silty loam soil. This increase was not observed in sandy soil, possibly due to a higher bioavailability of OC, as indicated by the evolution of extractable humic acid/fulvic acid pools. In both soils, all biochemical parameters increased after amendment, being favoured both by the OC and by the presence of OF. Significant positive correlations were found between DHA, RES and BIO, and OC content especially in the first part and then levelled off after the second dose application. Total bacterial or fungal PLFAs patterns reflected the variation of BIO by SMS application. The higher growth of fungi vs. bacterial community in amended soils was recorded after the first SMS application, although the opposite effect occurred after the second application, with similar results in both soils. The findings indicate that the application of SMS or SMS + OF in vineyard soils could be an appropriate agronomic management practice for maintaining soil sustainability, although doses and application times of these amendments should first be evaluated depending on soil texture.

Science of The Total Environment, Jul 1, 2020

The dissipation and persistence of two cereals herbicides, chlorotoluron and flufenacet, were stu... more The dissipation and persistence of two cereals herbicides, chlorotoluron and flufenacet, were studied in a field experiment including three replicated plots of unamended soil (S), soil amended with spent mushroom substrate (S+SMS), and soil amended with green compost (S+GC), during the winter wheat cultivation campaign. The SMS and GC organic residues were applied to the soil at rates of 140 or 85 t residue ha-1 , and herbicides were sprayed as Erturon ® and Herold ® formulations for chlorotoluron and flufenacet, respectively. Concentrations of both herbicides and of their metabolites were regularly measured in the three soil treatments (0-10 cm) from 0 to 339 days. The dissipation kinetics fitted well the single first order (SFO) model, except that of chlorotoluron that fitted the first order multi-compartment (FOMC) model better in the unamended soil. The dissipation rates of herbicides were lower in amended than in unamended soils. The results also showed that the DT 50 of chlorotoluron (66.2-88.0 days) and flufenacet (117-145 days) under field conditions were higher than those previously obtained at laboratory scale highlighting the importance of the changing environmental conditions on the dissipation process. Similarly, the formation of chlorotoluron and flufenacet metabolites under field conditions was different from that previously observed in the laboratory. The performance of the MACRO pesticide fate model, parameterized with laboratory data, was then tested against field data. There was a very good agreement between measured and simulated chlorotoluron residue levels in the three soil treatments, while the ability of the model to reproduce the dissipation of flufenacet was good in the unamended soil and very good in S+SMS and S+GC soils. MACRO might be used to estimate the remaining amounts of herbicides in amended soils from degradation data previously obtained at laboratory scale. This would help to 3 manage herbicide doses in different environmental conditions to preserve the sustainability of agricultural systems.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 29, 2019

Science of The Total Environment, May 1, 2020

Addition of organic residues to soil is a current farming practice but it is not considered in th... more Addition of organic residues to soil is a current farming practice but it is not considered in the modelling studies for pesticide risk assessment at regulatory level despite its potential impact on the pesticide dynamics in soil. Thus, the objective of this work was to examine and to compare the ability of PRZM and MACRO pesticide fate models to simulate soil water content, and bromide (Br-, tracer), chlorotoluron and flufenacet concentrations in the soil profiles (0-100 cm) of one agricultural soil, unamended (control soil, S), amended with spent mushroom substrate (S+SMS) or amended with green compost (S+GC). Based on a two-year field-scale dataset, the models were first calibrated against measurements of water and solutes contents in the soil profiles (first year) and then tested without any further model calibration by comparison with the field observations of the second year. In general, the performance of MACRO to simulate the whole dataset in the three soil treatments was higher than that of PRZM. MACRO simulated satisfactorily the water dynamics along the soil profiles whereas it was poorly described by the capacity model PRZM. Both models predicted very well the Brmobility in control and amended soils after dispersion parameters were fitted to observations. No calibration was necessary to reproduce correctly herbicides vertical distribution in the control soil profile. In the amended soils, MACRO simulations were highly correlated to the observed vertical distribution of flufenacet and chlorotoluron, but calibration of the K d of chlorotoluron was needed. On the contrary, modelling with PRZM required calibration of K d and DT 50 of both herbicides to obtain an acceptable agreement between observations and predictions in the amended soils. K d and DT 50 calibration was based on the initial dissolved organic carbon contents (DOC) of amended soils. It allowed to take into account the processes that decrease the herbicides sorption on the soil and enhance their bioavailability, but that are not described in PRZM and MACRO (such as the formation of herbicide-DOC mobile complexes). This work showed that models such as PRZM and MACRO are able to simulate the fate of pesticides in amended soils. However, before using these models as predictive tools in large amended soil conditions, and especially in the regulatory context, further modelling studies should focus on other pedoclimatic-pesticides-organic residues combinations, and on longer periods.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 30, 2017

Sampling soil profiles (5 replicates/plot, 0-100 cm) Dates: 1, 17, 33, 60 and 80 days after appli... more Sampling soil profiles (5 replicates/plot, 0-100 cm) Dates: 1, 17, 33, 60 and 80 days after application Sub-sampling: 10 segments of 10 cm Sieving (<2 mm) Determination of soil moisture content The application to soil of organic residues rich in nutrients and organic matter (OM) is a conservative agricultural practice often used to improve the soil fertility as well as to preserve the soil from degradation. Numerous organic residues from agricultural and industrial activities can potentially be used as amendments, such as composted spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and green compost (GC). However, despite these residues can modify the dynamic and environmental fate of herbicides applied to the amended soils, only scarce field studies have been done to assess the effect of organic amendments on pesticides fate [1].

Agronomy

The persistence of fluopyram and tebuconazole has been studied in different crops and agricultura... more The persistence of fluopyram and tebuconazole has been studied in different crops and agricultural soils. However, the behaviour of these fungicides may be altered when they are applied as a combined formulation in organically amended vineyard soils under field conditions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of applying spent mushroom substrate (SMS) or this residue re-composted with ophite (SMS + OF) on the adsorption, dissipation, and mobility of the fungicides fluopyram and tebuconazole in vineyard soils. Triplicate 10 m2 plots per treatment were set up in two different vineyard soils in the eastern La Rioja region: silt loam (ARN1) and sandy loam (ARN2), respectively, with low organic carbon (OC) content. The organic residues SMS and SMS + OF were applied at doses of 25 and 100 Mg ha−1. The adsorption distribution coefficients (Kd) increased when SMS and SMS + OF were applied, especially at the higher dose (100 Mg ha−1). The dissipation curve of both compounds fi...

Processes, 2022

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the organic residue generated during mushroom cultivation, and ... more Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the organic residue generated during mushroom cultivation, and it is being produced in ever-greater quantities around the world. Different applications for this residue have been proposed for its valorization, but its application as a soil amendment could be one of the most sustainable. SMS improves soil quality by increasing its organic matter (OM), thereby enhancing the sustainability of agricultural systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of two doses of SMS on the chemical, biochemical, and microbiological characteristics of two degraded vineyard soils in La Rioja (Spain) with different textures, as a new regenerative agricultural practice. The variations in organic carbon (OC), micro- and macronutrients, soil microbial biomass (BIO), respiration (RES), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and the profile of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) extracted from the soils were evaluated over two years. An initial incr...

The herbicide terbuthylazine is widely used within the EU; however its frequent detection in surf... more The herbicide terbuthylazine is widely used within the EU; however its frequent detection in surface and groundwater, together with its intrinsic toxicological properties, may pose a risk both for human and environmental health. Organic amendments have recently been proposed as a possible herbicide sorbent in soil, in order to limit herbicide movement from soil to water. The environmental fate of terbuthylazine depends not only in its mobility, but also its persistence. The latter is directly dependent on microbial degradation. For this reason the effects of pine and oak residues on terbuthylazine soil microbial community functioning and on the potential of this community for terbuthylazine degradation were studied. For this purpose, degradation kinetics, soil dehydrogenase activity and the number of live bacteria were assessed in a clay-loam soil treated with terbuthylazine and either amended with pine or oak wood or unamended (sterilized and non-sterilized). At day 65, 85% of the herbicide applied still persisted in the sterile soil, 73% in the pine-amended one and 63% in the oak-amended and unamended ones. Pine residues increased the sorption of terbuthylazine to soil and hampered microbial degradation owing to its high terbuthylazine sorption capacity and a decrease in the bioavailability of the herbicide. On the contrary, in the presence of oak residues the herbicide sorption did not increase significantly. The overall results confirm the active role of the soil microbial community in terbuthylazine degradation in amended and unamended soils and in a liquid enrichment culture performed using an aliquot of the same soil as the inoculum. In this clay loam soil, in the absence of amendments, the herbicide was found to be quite persistent (t 1/2 > 95 days), while in the enrichment culture the same natural soil bacterial community was able to halve terbuthylazine in 24 days. The high terbuthylazine persistence in this soil was presumably ascribable to its texture and in particular to the mineralogy of the clay fraction.

espanolSe evaluo la presencia de 46 plaguicidas en 23 muestras de aguas naturales (superficiales ... more espanolSe evaluo la presencia de 46 plaguicidas en 23 muestras de aguas naturales (superficiales y subterraneas) en zonas de vinedos de la region Rioja Oriental (D.O.Ca. Rioja), mediante un metodo multiresiduo basado en la extraccion en fase solida y cromatografia liquida de alta resolucion y un detector de espectrometria de masas (SPE–HPLC–MS). Los plaguicidas metalaxil, nuarimol y tebuconazol fueron los compuestos detectados mayoritariamente en las muestras de agua (61%). Se detectaron concentraciones individuales superiores a 0,1 μg L–1 para 11 de los plaguicidas analizados (22%). En el 91% de las muestras se registraron concentraciones totales inferiores a las establecidas por la UE para el agua de bebida (0,5 μg L–1). Respecto a los datos registrados para las muestras de agua durante el ano 2011, se obtuvo una reduccion considerable en el ano 2019. EnglishThe presence of 46 pesticides in 23 natural water samples (surface and ground waters) was evaluated in a vineyard area locat...

Environmental Research, 2021

S-metolachlor is a widely used herbicide that may contaminate groundwater when applied to irrigat... more S-metolachlor is a widely used herbicide that may contaminate groundwater when applied to irrigated crops, especially when the soil has a low organic carbon (OC) content. The objective here was to assess the capacity of two organic wastes, namely, green compost (GC) and pelletised organo-mineral manure fertiliser (PM), applied to two soils (S) with different textures at a rate of 10% dry weight to modify the fate of S-metolachlor. The herbicide's Freundlich adsorption coefficient (Kf) increased within a range of 3.2-8.2 times in S+GC and 3.8-6.8 times in S+PM. A positive correlation between adsorption and OC and the coefficient of variation of the OC normalised adsorption coefficients (Kfoc) higher than 20% indicated the evident influence on this process of soil OC content and its nature. The increase in adsorption did not prevent the dissipation of S-metolachlor in the amended soils, although the degradation rate decreased up to ∼2 times or was not significantly modified across the different soil types. The S-metolachlor metabolites, metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid and metolachlor oxanilic acid, were detected in the herbicide's dissipation in the unamended soils, but they were not detected in the amended soils. The mobility experiments indicated leached amounts of S-metolachlor higher than 50% in unamended soil. The amounts decreased 1.1-1.7 times and 1.7-1.8 times in the S+GC and S+PM when a saturated flow was applied. Moreover, breakthrough curves indicated a slow leaching kinetics of herbicide in amended soils, with low concentrations continuously detected in the leachates together with a decrease in the maximum peak concentration. The results show the effect of the application of organic wastes especially in sandy soils to promote the immobilisation and/or degradation of S-metolachlor, avoiding its transfer to other environmental compartments.

Environmental Pollution, 2021

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020

The spread of organic pollutants from soil to other environments is one important source of envir... more The spread of organic pollutants from soil to other environments is one important source of environmental pollution. The addition of organic amendments to soil is an interesting strategy to control pollutants leaching. However, the contribution of different carbon types of organic amendments to organic pollutants adsorption is not clear. Hence, the objective of this work was to determine the role of carbon types of organic amendments into the adsorption of four herbicides. To this extent, organic amendments were characterized by elemental analysis and 13 C-NMR and adsorption-desorption isotherms of herbicides by the organic amendments and two soils amended with them were obtained. Adsorption coefficients were correlated with the organic carbon content of the organic amendments and the adsorption process was enhanced by the hydrophobicity of herbicides and the aliphatic and aromatic carbon of amendments. Organic amendments increased the adsorption of herbicides by soils but it is not possible to extrapolate results from one soil to another because organo-mineral interactions between soils and organic amendments can modify this process. Desorption isotherms of herbicides from organic amendments and/or amended soils presented hysteresis indicating the irreversible adsorption of herbicides. Desorption results indicated, the abundance of O-alkyl and N-alkyl groups in organic amendments enhanced the hysteresis in amended soils.

Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 2018

In areas with agricultural activity, the excessive use of pesticides can contaminate water resour... more In areas with agricultural activity, the excessive use of pesticides can contaminate water resources. That is why a multi-residue method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography analysis coupled to mass spectrometry (GS-MS) was used to determine eleven pesticides and five degradation products in surface water of Central Chile. The parameters that can affect the efficiency of the SPE process were optimized considering the information available in bibliography. As in other studies, the best results were obtained when 500 mL of water was pre-concentrated using Oasis HLB polymer cartridges and acetone and acetonitrile were used as solvents for the elution. To ensure good quantification, matrix-matched standards were used, providing good linearity in the studied concentration range (0.10-1.5 µg L-1), with recovery percentages > 60%, precisions < 19% and quantification limits < 0.1 µg L-1. The surface water samples were collected at the end of summer and winter seasons, considering rivers, creeks and irrigation canals of Cachapoal River basin. A percentage > 87% of the pesticides analyzed in this research were detected in more than one sampled site in both seasons. The most ubiquitous compounds were desethylterbuthylazine (DET), pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and diazinon, and the compounds detected in highest concentration were simazine and degradation products derived from triazines. Las Cabras and Tahuilla irrigation canals presented the highest concentrations of pesticides. Significant differences were found in the total concentration of pesticides for sites sampled at the end of the summer and winter season.

Environmental Pollution, 2019

Applied Soil Ecology, 2018

Highlights  Effects of herbicides and green compost on soil microbiology were evaluated at field... more Highlights  Effects of herbicides and green compost on soil microbiology were evaluated at field scale  Green compost decreased the dissipation rate of triasulfuron, but no that of prosulfocarb  Combined application of triasulfuron and prosulfocarb modified soil microbial community  Green compost buffered the effects of herbicides on soil microbial activity and

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017

Lignocellulosic wastes and by-products containing lignin are now available in large amounts from ... more Lignocellulosic wastes and by-products containing lignin are now available in large amounts from forestry and industrial activities, and could be promising organic materials for the biosorption of pesticides by soils in order to reduce point-source pollution. Adding these materials to soil requires understanding the process of pesticide sorption-desorption by wood-soils, as sorption capacity could increase, with changes in pesticide bioavailability and final fate. The objective of this work was to study the effect that pine and oak wood added to soils had on the sorption/desorption of the pesticides linuron, alachlor, and metalaxyl. Experiments were conducted with two sandy loam and sandy clay soils each amended with two wood doses (5% and 50%) after different incubation times (0, 5 and 12 months). A low wood dose (5%) had no significant impact on the sorption (K f) of alachlor, but K f increased for linuron (up to 5.4-1.7 times) and metalaxyl (up to 3.2 and 8.6 times) in all wood-soil systems. The results were not significantly different after different incubation times. The desorption results indicated that wood decreases the sorption irreversibility of alachlor, and increases that of linuron and metalaxyl, with a varying effect of the wood-soil incubation time. The addition of a high wood dose to soil (50%) was more significant for increasing the sorption of all the pesticides, and the sorbed amounts remaining after desorption (>49% for linuron, >33% for alachlor and >6% for metalaxyl), although there was no apparent discrimination between the two types of woods. The role of the nature of the wood (K oc values) for sorption was evidenced for alachlor and metalaxyl, but not for linuron. These outcomes are of interest for extending wood application to soil as a barrier for avoiding environmental risk by point-source pollution due to the use and management of pesticides in farming systems.