Tracking Stem Cell Differentiation in the Setting of Automated Optogenetic Stimulation (original) (raw)

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,

Department of BioengineeringBehavioral Sciences, Stanford University

, Stanford,

USA

Institute of Neuroscience and Technical University Munich

, Munich,

Germany

correspondence: Albrecht Stroh, Ph.D., Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany. Telephone: 49-89-41403519; Fax: 49-89-41403352; e-mail: albrecht.stroh@lrz.tu-muenchen.de

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Department of BioengineeringBehavioral Sciences, Stanford University

, Stanford,

USA

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Department of BioengineeringBehavioral Sciences, Stanford University

, Stanford,

USA

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Department of BioengineeringBehavioral Sciences, Stanford University

, Stanford,

USA

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Department of Neuroradiology, Technical University Munich

, Munich,

Germany

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Department of BioengineeringBehavioral Sciences, Stanford University

, Stanford,

USA

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Department of BioengineeringBehavioral Sciences, Stanford University

, Stanford,

USA

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Department of BioengineeringBehavioral Sciences, Stanford University

, Stanford,

USA

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Universitys

, Stanford,

USA

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Institute of Neuroscience and Technical University Munich

, Munich,

Germany

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Department of BioengineeringBehavioral Sciences, Stanford University

, Stanford,

USA

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Accepted:

20 October 2010

Published:

28 January 2011

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Albrecht Stroh, Hsing-Chen Tsai, Li-Ping Wang, Feng Zhang, Jenny Kressel, Alexander Aravanis, Nandhini Santhanam, Karl Deisseroth, Arthur Konnerth, M. Bret Schneider, Tracking Stem Cell Differentiation in the Setting of Automated Optogenetic Stimulation, Stem Cells, Volume 29, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 78–88, https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.558
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Abstract

Membrane depolarization has been shown to play an important role in the neural differentiation of stem cells and in the survival and function of mature neurons. Here, we introduce a microbial opsin into ESCs and develop optogenetic technology for stem cell engineering applications, with an automated system for noninvasive modulation of ESC differentiation employing fast optogenetic control of ion flux. Mouse ESCs were stably transduced with channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)-yellow fluorescent protein and purified by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Illumination of resulting ChR2-ESCs with pulses of blue light triggered inward currents. These labeled ESCs retained the capability to differentiate into functional mature neurons, assessed by the presence of voltage-gated sodium currents, action potentials, fast excitatory synaptic transmission, and expression of mature neuronal proteins and neuronal morphology. We designed and tested an apparatus for optically stimulating ChR2-ESCs during chronic neuronal differentiation, with high-speed optical switching on a custom robotic stage with environmental chamber for automated stimulation and imaging over days, with tracking for increased expression of neural and neuronal markers. These data point to potential uses of ChR2 technology for chronic and temporally precise noninvasive optical control of ESCs both in vitro and in vivo, ranging from noninvasive control of stem cell differentiation to causal assessment of the specific contribution of transplanted cells to tissue and network function.

Copyright © 2010 AlphaMed Press

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