Abo A, Symons M (1997) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP). In: Kreis T, Vale R (eds) Guidebook to the cytoskeletal and motor proteins (in press) Google Scholar
Abo A, Pick E, Hall A, Totty N, Teahan CG, Segal AW (1991) Activation of the NADPH oxidase involves the small GTP-binding protein p2lracl. Nature 353:668–670 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Abo A, Webb MR, Grogan A, Segal AW (1994) Activation of NADPH oxidase involves the dissociation of p2lrac from its inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange protein (rhoGDI) followed by its translocation to the plasma membrane. Biochem J 3:585–591 Google Scholar
Adachi H, Takahashi Y, Hasebe T, Shirouzu M, Yokoyama S, Sutoh K (1997) Dictyostelium 1QGAP-related protein specifically involved in the completion of cytokinesis. J Cell Biol 137:891–898 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Aspenstrom P (1997) A Cdc42 target protein with homology to the non-kinase domain of FER has a potential role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. Curr Biol 7:479–487 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Aspenstrom P, Lindberg U, Hall A (1996) Two GTPases Cdc42 and Rac, bind directly to a protein implicated in the immunodeficiency disorder Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Curr Biol 6:70–75 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bagrodia S, Derijard B, Davis RJ, Cerione RA (1995a) Cdc42 and PAK-mediated signaling leads to Jun kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. J Biol Chem 270:27995–27998 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bagrodia S, Taylor SJ, Creasy CL, Chernoff J, Cerione RA (1995b) Identification of a mouse p21Cdc42/Rac activated kinase. J Biol Chem 270:22731–22737 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Banin S, Truong O, Katz DR, Waterfield MD, Brickell PM, Gout I (1996) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is a binding partner for c-Src family protein-tyrosine kinases. Curr Biol 6:981–988 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bashour AM, Fullerton AT, Hart MJ, Bloom GS (1997) IQGAP1, a Rac-and Cdc42-binding protein, directly binds and cross-links microfilaments. J Cell Biol 137:1555–1566 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bokoch GM (1995) Regulation of the phagocyte respiratory burst by small GTP-binding proteins. Trends Cell Biol 5:109–113 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Brenner B, Koppenhoefer U, Weinstock C, Linderkamp O, Lang F, Gulbins E (1997) Fas-or ceramide-induced apoptosis is mediated by a Racl-regulated activation of Jun N-terminal kinase/p38 kinases and GADD153. J Biol Chem 272:22173–22181 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Brill S, Li S, Lyman CW, Church DM, Wasmuth JJ, Weissbach L, Bernards A, Snijders AJ (1996) The Ras GTPase-activating-protein-related human protein IQGAP2 harbors a potential actin binding domain and interacts with calmodulin and Rho family GTPases. Mol Cell Biol 16:4869–4878 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Brown JL, Stowers L, Baer M, Trejo J, Coughlin S, Chant J (1996) Human Ste20 homologue hPAK1 links GTPases to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Curr Biol 6:598–605 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Burbelo PD, Drechsel D, Hall A (1995) A conserved binding motif defines numerous candidate target proteins for both Cdc42 and Rac GTPases. J Biol Chem 270:29071–29074 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Castresana J, Saraste M (1995) Does Vav bind to F-actin through a CH domain? FEBS Lett 374:149–151 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Chihara K, Amano M, Nakamura N, Yano T, Shibata M, Tokui T, Ichikawa H, Ikebe R, Ikebe M, Kaibuchi K (1997) Cytoskeletal rearrangements and transcriptional activation of c-fos serum response element by rho-kinase. J Biol Chem 272:25121–25127 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Chong LD, Traynor KA, Bokoch GM, Schwartz MA (1994) The small GTP-binding protein Rho regulates a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase in mammalian cells. Cell 79:507–513 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Chou MM, Blenis J (1996) The 70 kDa S6 kinase complexes with and is activated by the Rho family G proteins Cdc42 and Racl. Cell 85:573–583 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Chuang TH, Hahn KM, Lee JD, Danley DE, Bokoch GM (1997) The small GTPase Cdc42 initiates an apoptotic signaling pathway in Jurkat T lymphocytes. Mol Biol Cell 8:1687–1698 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Coso OA, Chiariello M, Yu JC, Teramoto H, Crespo P, Xu N, Miki T, Gutkind JS (1995) The small GTP-binding proteins Racl and Cdc42 regulate the activity of the JNK/SAPK signaling pathway. Cell 81:1137–1146 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
D’Souza-Schorey C, Boshans R, McDonough M, Stahl PD, Van Aelst L (1997) A role for POR1 a Racl interacting protein in ARF6 mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements. EMBO J 16:5445–5454 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
De Mendez I, Adams AG, Sokolic RA, Malech HL, Leto TL (1996) Multiple SH3 domain interactions regulate NADPH oxidase assembly in whole cells. EMBO J 15:1211–1220 PubMed Google Scholar
Dennis EA (1997) The growing phospholipase A2 superfamily of signal transduction enzymes.Trends Biochem Sci 22:1–2 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Derijard B, Hibi M, Wu IH, Barrett T, Su B, Deng T, Karin M, Davis RJ (1994) JNK1: a protein kinase stimulated by UV light and Ha-Ras that binds and phosphorylates the c-Jun activation domain. Cell 76:1025–1037 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Derijard B, Raingeaud J, Barrett T, Wu IH, Han J, Ulevitch RJ, Davis RJ (1995) Independent human MAP-kinase signal transduction pathways defined by MEK and MKK isoforms. Science 267:682–685 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Diekmann D, Abo A, Johnston C, Segal AW, Hall A (1994) Interaction of Rac with p67phox and regulation of phagocytic NADPH oxidase activity. Science 265:531–533 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Diekmann D, Nobes CD, Burbelo PD, Abo A, Hall A (1995) Rac GTPase interacts with GAPs and target proteins through multiple effector sites. EMBO J 14:5297–5305 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Eaton S, Auvinen P, Luo L, Jan YN, Simons K (1995) CDC42 and Racl control different actin-dependent processes in the Drosophila wing disc epithelium. J Cell Biol 131:151–164 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Erickson JW, Cerione RA, Hart MJ (1997) Identification of an actin cytoskeletal complex that includes IQGAP and the cdc42 GTPase. J Biol Chem 272:24443–24447 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Faix J, Dittrich W (1996) DGAP1, a homologue of rasGTPase activating proteins that controls growth, cytokinesis, and development in Dictyostelium discoideum. FEBS Lett 394:251–257 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Fanger GR, Johnson NL, Johnson GL (1997) MEK kinases are regulated by EGF and selectively interact with Rac/Cdc42. EMBO J 16:4961–4972 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gille H, Strahl T, Shaw PE (1995) Activation of ternary complex factor Elk-1 by stress-activated protein kinases. Curr Biol 5:1191–1200 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gulbins E, Coggeshall KM, Brenner B, Schlottmann K, Linderkamp 0, Lang F (1996) Fas-induced apoptosis is mediated by activation of a Ras and Rac protein-regulated signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 271:26389–26394 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gupta S, Campbell D, Derijard B, Davis RJ (1995) Transcription factor ATF2 regulation by the JNK signal transduction pathway. Science 267:389–393 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Habets GG, Scholtes EH, Zuydgeest D, van der Kammen RA, Stam JC, Berns A, Collard JG (1994) Identification of an invasion-inducing gene, Tiam-1, that encodes a protein with homology to GDP-GTP exchangers for Rho-like proteins. Cell 77:537–549 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Han J, Lee JD, Jiang Y, Li Z, Feng L, Ulevitch RJ (1996) Characterization of the structure and function of a novel MAP kinase kinase (MKK6). J Biol Chem 271:2886–2891 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hart MJ, Callow MG, Souza B, Polakis P (1996) IQGAP1, a calmodulin-binding protein with a rasGAP-related domain, is a potential effector for cdc42Hs. EMBO J 15:2997–3005 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hartwig JH, Bokoch GM, Carpenter CL, Janmey PA, Taylor LA, Toker A, Stossel TP (1995) Thrombin receptor ligation and activated Rac uncap actin filament barbed ends through phosphoinositide synthesis in permeabilized human platelets. Cell 82:643–653 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hill CS, Wynne J, Treisman R (1995) The Rho family GTPases RhoA, Racl, and CDC42Hs regulate transcriptional activation by SRF. Cell 81:1159–1170 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Holland PM, Suzanne M, Campbell JS, Noselli S, Cooper JA (1997) MKK7 is a stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase functionally related to hemipterous. J Biol Chem 272:24994–24998 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Joneson T, McDonough M, Bar-Sagi D, Van Aelst L (1996a) RAC regulation of actin polymerization and proliferation by a pathway distinct from Jun kinase. Science 274:1374–1376 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Joneson T, White MA, Wigler MH, Bar-Sagi D (1996b) Stimulation of membrane ruffling and MAP kinase activation by distinct effectors of RAS. Science 271:810–812 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Joyal JL, Annan RS, Ho YD, Huddleston ME, Carr SA, Hart MJ, Sacks DB (1997) Calmodulin modulates the interaction between IQGAP1 and Cdc42. Identification of IQGAPI by nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem 272:15419–15425 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kenney D, Cairns L, Remold ODE, Peterson J, Rosen FS, Parkman R (1986) Morphological abnormalities in the lymphocytes of patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Blood 68:1329–1332 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Khosravi FR, Solski PA, Clark GJ, Kinch MS, Der CJ (1995) Activation of Racl, RhoA, and mitogen-activated protein kinases is required for Ras transformation. Mol Cell Biol 15:6443–6453 Google Scholar
Kim BC, Kim JH (1997) Nuclear signalling by rac GTPase: essential role of phospholipase A2. Biochem J 326:333–337 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Knaus UG, Morris S, Dong HJ, Chernoff J, Bokoch GM (1995) Regulation of human leukocyte p21-activated kinases through G protein - coupled receptors. Science 269:221–223 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kolluri R, Tolias KF, Carpenter CL, Rosen FS, Kirchhausen T (1996) Direct interaction of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein with the GTPase Cdc42. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:5615–5618 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kozma R, Ahmed S, Best A, Lim L (1995) The Ras-related protein Cdc42Hs and bradykinin promote formation of peripheral actin microspikes and filopodia in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 15:1942–1952 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kuroda S, Fukata M, Kobayashi K, Nakafuku M, Nomura N, Iwamatsu A, Kaibuchi K (1996) Identification of IQGAP as a putative target for the small GTPases, Cdc42 and Racl. J Biol Chem 271:23363–23367 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lamarche N, Tapon N, Stowers L, Burbelo PD, Aspenstrom P, Bridges T, Chant J, Hall A (1996) Rac and Cdc42 induce actin polymerization and G1 cell cycle progression independently of p65PAK and the JNK/SAPK MAP kinase cascade. Cell 87:519–529 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Leberer E, Wu C, Leeuw T, Fourest LA, Segall JE, Thomas DY (1997) Functional characterization of the Cdc42p binding domain of yeast Ste20p protein kinase. EMBO J 16:83–97 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lebowitz PF, Davide JP, Prendergast GC (1995) Evidence that farnesyltransferase inhibitors suppress Ras transformation by interfering with Rho activity. Mol Cell Biol 15:6613–6622 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lebowitz PF, Du W, Prendergast GC (1997) Prenylation of RhoB is required for its cell transforming function but not its ability to activate serum response element-dependent transcription. J Biol Chem 272:16093–16095 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lee S, Escalante R, Firtel RA (1997) A Ras GAP is essential for cytokinesis and spatial patterning in Dictyostelium. Development 124:983–996 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Leto TL, Adams AG, de Mendez I (1994) Assembly of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase binding of Src homology 3 domains to proline-rich targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:10650–10654 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Li R (1997) Beel, a yeast protein with homology to Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome protein, is critical for the assembly of cortical actin cytoskeleton. J Cell Biol 136:649–658 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lin R, Bagrodia S, Cerione R, Manor D (1997) A novel Cdc42Hs mutant induces cellular transformation. Curr Biol 7:794–797 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Luo L, Lee T, Tsai L, Tang G, Jan LY, Jan YN (1997) Genghis Khan (Gek) as a putative effector for Drosophila Cdc42 and regulator of actin polymerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:12963–12968 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Machesky LM, Hall A (1997) Role of actin polymerization and adhesion to extracellular matrix in Rac-and Rho-induced cytoskeletal reorganization. J Cell Biol 138:913–926 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Madaule P, Furuyashiki T, Reid T, Ishizaki T, Watanabe G, Morii N, Narumiya S (1995) A novel partner for the GTP-bound forms of rho and rac. Febs Lett 377:243–248 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Maly FE, Quilliam LA, Dorseuil 0, Der CJ, Bokoch GM (1994) Activated or dominant inhibitory mutants of Rap 1A decrease the oxidative burst of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 269:18743–18746 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Manser E, Chong C, Zhao ZS, Leung T, Michael G, Hall C, Lim L (1995) Molecular cloning of a new member of the p21-Cdc42/Rac-activated kinase (PAK) family. J Biol Chem 270:25070–25078 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Manser E, Huang HY, Loo TH, Chen XQ, Dong JM, Leung T, Lim L (1997) Expression of constitutively active alpha-PAK reveals effects of the kinase on actin and focal complexes. Mol Cell Biol 17:1129–1143 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
McCallum SJ, Wu WJ, Cerione RA (1996) Identification of a putative effector for Cdc42Hs with high sequence similarity to the RasGAP-related protein IQGAP1 and a Cdc42Hs binding partner with similarity to IQGAP2. J Biol Chem 271:21732–21737 Article Google Scholar
Michiels F, Habets GG, Stam JC, van der Kammen RA, Collard JG (1995) A role for Rac in Tiamlinduced membrane ruffling and invasion. Nature 375:338–340 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Miki H, Miura K, Takenawa T (1996) N-WASP, a novel actin-depolymerizing protein, regulates the cortical cytoskeletal rearrangement in a PIP2-dependent manner downstream of tyrosine kinases. EMBO J 15:5326–5335 PubMed Google Scholar
Miller PJ, Johnson DI (1994) Cdc42p GTPase is involved in controlling polarized cell growth in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Cell Biol 14:1075–1083 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Minden A, Lin A, Claret FX, Abo A, Karin M (1995) Selective activation of the JNK signaling cascade and c-Jun transcriptional activity by the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42Hs. Cell 81:1147–1157 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Molina IJ, Kenney DM, Rosen FS, Remold ODE (1992) T cell lines characterize events in the pathogenesis of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. J Exp Med 176:867–874 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Moriguchi T, Kawasaki H, Matsuda S, Gotoh Y, Nishida E (1995) Evidence for multiple activators for stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun amino-terminal kinases. Existence of novel activators. T Biol Chem 270:12969–12972 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Nisimoto Y, Freeman J, Motalebi SA, Hirshberg M, Lambeth JD (1997) Rac binding to p67(phox). Structural basis for interactions of the Racl effector region and insert region with components of the respiratory burst oxidase. J Biol Chem 272:18834–18841 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Nobes CD, Hall A (1995) Rho, rac, and cdc42 GTPases regulate the assembly of multimolecular focal complexes associated with actin stress fibers, lamellipodia, and filopodia. Cell 81:53–62 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
O’Hagan RC, Tozer RG, Symons M, McCormick F, Hassell JA (1996) The activity of the Ets transcription factor PEA3 is regulated by two distinct MAPK cascades. Oncogene 13:1323–1333 PubMed Google Scholar
Olson MF, Ashworth A, Hall A (1995) An essential role for Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 GTPases in cell cycle progression through G1. Science 269:1270–1272 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ottilie S, Miller PJ, Johnson DI, Creasy CL, Sells MA, Bagrodia S, Forsburg SL, Chernoff J (1995) Fission yeast pakl+ encodes a protein kinase that interacts with Cdc42p and is involved in the control of cell polarity and mating. EMBO J 14:5908–5919 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Peppelenbosch MP, Qiu RG, de V, Smits AM, Tertoolen LG, de LS, McCormick F, Hall A, Symons MH, Bos JL (1995) Rac mediates growth factor-induced arachidonic acid release. Cell 81:849–856 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Perona R, Montaner S, Saniger L, Sanchez PI, Bravo R, Lacal JC (1997) Activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB by Rho, CDC42, and Rac-1 proteins. Genes Dev 11:463–475 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Peter M, Neiman AM, Park HO, van LM, Herskowitz I (1996) Functional analysis of the interaction between the small GTP binding protein Cdc42 and the Ste20 protein kinase in yeast. EMBO J 15:7046–7059 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Peters PJ, Hsu VW, Ooi CE, Finazzi D, Teal SB, Oorschot V, Donaldson JG, Klausner RD (1995) Overexpression of wild-type and mutant ARFI and ARF6: distinct perturbations of nonoverlapping membrand compartments. J Cell Biol 128:1003–1017 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Prendergast GC, Khosravi FR, Solski PA, Kurzawa H, Lebowitz PF, Der CJ (1995) Critical role of Rho in cell transformation by oncogenic Ras. Oncogene 10:2289–2296 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Proud CG (1996) p70 S6 kinase: an enigma with variations. Trends Biochem Sci 21:181–185 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Pulverer BJ, Kyriakis JM, Avruch J, Nikolakaki E, Woodgett JR (1991) Phosphorylation of c-jun mediated by MAP kinases. Nature 353:670–674 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Qiu, R-G (1997) The role of Rho-like GTPases in cell proliferation and Ras transformation. Thesis Qiu RG, Chen J, Kirn D, McCormick F, Symons M (1995a) An essential role for Rac in Ras transformation. Nature 374:457–459 Article Google Scholar
Qiu RG, Chen J, McCormick F, Symons M (1995b) A role for Rho in Ras transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:11781–11785 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Qiu RG, Abo A, McCormick F, Symons M (1997) Cdc42 regulates anchorage-independent growth and is necessary for Ras transformation. Mol Cell Biol 17:3449–3458 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Quinn MT, Evans T, Loetterle LR, Jesaitis AJ, Bokoch GM (1993) Translocation of Rac correlates with NADPH oxidase activation. Evidence for equimolar translocation of oxidase components. J Biol Chem 268:20983–20987 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Quinn MT, Parkos CA, Walker L, Orkin SH, Dinauer MC, Jesaitis AJ (1989) Association of a Ras-related protein with cytochrome b of human neutrophils. Nature 342:198–200 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Radhakrishna H, Klausner RD, Donaldson JG (1996) Aluminum fluoride stimulates surface protrusions in cells overexpressing the ARF6 GTPase. J Cell Biol 134:935–946 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Reinhard J, Scheel AA, Diekmann D, Hall A, Ruppert C, Bahler M (1995) A novel type of myosin implicated in signalling by rho family GTPases. EMBO J 14:697–704 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ridley AJ, Paterson HF, Johnston CL, Diekmann D, Hall A (1992) The small GTP-binding protein rac regulates growth factor-induced membrane ruffling. Cell 70:401–410 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Rivero LO, Marcilla A, Sameshima JH, Robbins KC (1995) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein physically associates with Nck through Src homology 3 domains. Mol Cell Biol 15:5725–5731 Google Scholar
Rouse J, Cohen P, Trigon S, Morange M, Alonso LA, Zamanillo D, Hunt T, Nebreda AR (1994) A novel kinase cascade triggered by stress and heat shock that stimulates MAPKAP kinase-2 and phosphorylation of the small heat shock proteins. Cell 78:1027–1037 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Sanchez I, Hughes RT, Mayer BJ, Yee K, Woodgett JR, Avruch J, Kyriakis JM, Zon LI (1994) Role of SAPK/ERK kinase-1 in the stress-activated pathway regulating transcription factor c-Jun. Nature 372:794–798 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Segal AW, Abo A (1993) The biochemical basis of the NADPH oxidase of phagocytes. Trends Biochem Sci 18:43–47 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Segal AW, Cross AR, Garcia RC, Borregaard N, Valerius NH, Soothill JF, Jones OT (1983) Absence of cytochrome 0–245 in chronic granulomatous disease. A multicenter European evaluation of its incidence and relevance. N Engl J Med 308:245–251 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Sells MA, Chernoff J (1997) Emerging from the Pak: the p21-activated protein kinase family. Trends Cell Biol 7:162–167 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Sells M, Knaus U, Bagrodia S, Ambrose DM, Bokoch GM, Chernoff J (1997) Human p21-activated kinase (Pakl) regulates actin organization in mammalian cells. Curr Biol 7:202–210 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
She H, Rockow S, Tang J, Nishimura R, Skolnik EY, Chen M, Margolis B, Li W (1997) WiskottAldrich syndrome protein is associated with the adapter protein Grb2 and the epidermal growth factor receptor in living cells. Mol Biol Cell 8:1709–1721 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Smith RM, Curnutte JT (1991) Molecular basis of chronic granulomatous disease. Blood 77:673–686 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Stokoe D, Engel K, Campbell DG, Cohen P, Gaestel M (1992) Identification of MAPKAP kinase 2 as a major enzyme responsible for the phosphorylation of the small mammalian heat shock proteins. FEBS Lett 313:307–313 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Stowers L, Yelon D, Berg L, Chant J (1995) Regulation of the polarization of T-cells toward antigen presenting cells by the Ras-related GTPase Cdc42. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:5027–5031 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Sudol M, Chen HI, Bougeret C, Einbond A, Bork P (1995) Characterization of a novel protein-binding module - the WW domain. FEBS Lett 369:67–71 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Sulciner DJ, Irani K, Yu ZX, Ferrans VJ, Goldschmidt CP, Finkel T (1996) racl regulates a cytokine-stimulated, redox-dependent pathway necessary for NF-kappaB activation. Mol Cell Biol 16:7115–7121 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Symons M (1996) Rho family GTPases: the cytoskeleton and beyond. Trends Biochem Sci 21:178–181 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Symons M, Derry JM, Karlak B, Jiang S, Lemahieu V, Mccormick F, Francke U, Abo A (1996) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, a novel effector for the GTPase CDC42Hs, is implicated in actin polymerization. Cell 84:723–734 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Teahan C, Rowe P, Parker P, Totty N, Segal AW (1987) The X-linked chronic granulomatous disease gene codes for the beta-chain of cytochrome b-245. Nature 327:720–721 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Teramoto H, Coso OA, Miyata H, Igishi T, Miki T, Gutkind JS (1996) Signaling from the small GTP-binding proteins Racl and Cdc42 to the c- Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase pathway. A role for mixed lineage kinase 3/protein-tyrosine kinase 1, a novel member of the mixed lineage kinase family. J Biol Chem 271:27225–27228 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Tolias KF, Cantley LC, Carpenter CL (1995) Rho family GTPases bind to phosphoinositide kinases. J Biol Chem 270:17656–17659 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Tsuchiya M, Price SR, Tsai S-C, Moss J, Vaughan M (1991) Molecular identification of ADPribosylation factor mRNAs and their expression in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 266:2772–2777 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Van Aelst L, Joneson T, Bar-Sagi D (1996) Identification of a novel Racl-interacting protein involved in membrane ruffling. EMBO J 15:3778–37786 Google Scholar
Vincent S, Settleman J (1997) The PRK2 kinase is a potential effector target of both Rho and Rac GTPases and regulates actin cytoskeletal organization. Mol Cell Biol 17:2247–2256 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wang XZ, Ron D (1996) Stress-induced phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) by p38 MAP Kinase. Science 272:1347–1349 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Weissbach L, Settleman J, Kalady MF, Snijders AJ, Murthy AE, Yan YX, Bernards A (1994) Identification of a human rasGAP-related protein containing calmodulin-binding motifs. J Biol Chem 269:20517–20521 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Westwick JK, Lambert QT, Clark GJ, Symons M, Van Aelst L, Pestell RG, Der CJ (1997) Rac regulation of transformation, gene expression, and actin organization by multiple, PAKindependent pathways. Mol Cell Biol 17:1324–1335 CAS Google Scholar
White MA, Nicolette C, Minden A, Polverino A, Van Aelst L, Karin M, Wigler MH (1995) Multiple Ras functions can contribute to mammalian cell transformation. Cell 80:533–541 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wittinghofer A, Nassar N (1996) How Ras-related proteins talk to their effectors. Trends Biochem Sci 21:488–491 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Xu S, Robbins D, Frost J, Dang A, Lange CC, Cobb MH (1995) MEKK1 phosphorylates MEK1 and MEK2 but does not cause activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:6808–6812 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Yang W, Cerione RA (1997) Cloning and characterization of a novel Cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase, ACK-2, from bovine brain. J Biol Chem 275:24819–24824 Article Google Scholar
Zervos AS, Faccio L, Gatto JP, Kyriakis JM, Brent R (1995) Mxi2, a mitogen-activated protein kinase that recognizes and phosphorylates Max protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:10531–10534 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Zhang S, Han J, Sells MA, Chernoff J, Knaus UG, Ulevitch RJ, Bokoch GM (1995) Rho family GTPases regulate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase through the downstream mediator Pakl. J Biol Chem 270:23934–23936 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Zigmond SH (1996) Signal transduction and actin filament organization. Curr Opin Cell Biol 8:66–73 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Zigmond SH, Joyce M, Borleis J, Bokoch GM, Devreotes PN (1997) Regulation of actin polymerization in cell-free systems by GTPgammaS and Cdc42. J Cell Biol 138:363–374 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar