Polyamines: molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance (original) (raw)
Alcázar R, García-Martínez JL, Cuevas JC, Tiburcio AF, Altabella T (2005) Overexpression of ADC2 in Arabidopsis induces dwarfism and late-flowering through GA deficiency. Plant J 43:425–436 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Alcázar R, Cuevas JC, Patrón M, Altabella T, Tiburcio AF (2006a) Abscisic acid modulates polyamine metabolism under water stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol Plant 128:448–455 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Alcázar R, Marco F, Cuevas JC, Patrón M, Ferrando A, Carrasco P, Tiburcio AF, Altabella T (2006b) Involvement of polyamines in plant response to abiotic stress. Biotechnol Lett 28:1867–1876 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Alcázar R, Planas J, Saxena T, Zarza X, Bortolotti C, Cuevas JC, Bitrián M, Tiburcio AF, Altabella T (2010) Putrescine accumulation confers drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the homologous Arginine decarboxylase 2 gene. Plant Physiol Biochem. doi:10.1016/j.plphy.2010.02.002
Alonso-Blanco C, Aarts MGM, Bentsink L, Keurentjes JJB, Reymond M, Vreugdenhil D, Koornneef M (2009) What has natural variation taught us about plant development, physiology, and adaptation? Plant Cell 21:1877–1896 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Altabella T, Tiburcio AF, Ferrando A (2009) Plant with resistance to low temperature and method of production thereof. Spanish patent application WO2010/004070
An ZF, Jing W, Liu YL, Zhang WH (2008) Hydrogen peroxide generated by copper amine oxidase is involved in abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in Vicia faba. J Exp Bot 59:815–825 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Apelbaum A, Canellakis ZN, Applewhite PB, Kaur-Sawhney R, Galston AW (1988) Binding of spermidine to a unique protein in thin-layer tobacco tissue-culture. Plant Physiol 88:996–998 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Athwal GS, Huber SC (2002) Divalent cations and polyamines bind to loop 8 of 14-3-3 proteins, modulating their interaction with phosphorylated nitrate reductase. Plant J 29:119–129 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Aziz A, Martin-Tanguy J, Larher F (1998) Stress-induced changes in polyamine and tyramine levels can regulate proline accumulation in tomato leaf discs treated with sodium chloride. Physiol Plant 104:195–202 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Bagni N, Tassoni A (2001) Biosynthesis, oxidation and conjugation of aliphatic polyamines in higher plants. Amino Acids 20:301–317 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bethke PC, Jones RL (1997) Reversible protein phosphorylation regulates the activity of the slow-vacuolar ion channel. Plant J 11:1227–1235 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Blatt MR, Thiel G, Trentham DR (1990) Reversible inactivation of K+ channels of Vicia stomatal guard-cells following the photolysis of caged Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate. Nature 346:766–769 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Borrell A, Culiañez-Macià FA, Altabella T, Besford RT, Flores D, Tiburcio AF (1995) Arginine decarboxylase is localized in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol 109:771–776 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bortolotti C, Cordeiro A, Alcazar R, Borrell A, Culiañez-Macià FA, Tiburcio AF, Altabella T (2004) Localization of arginine decarboxylase in tobacco plants. Physiol Plant 120:84–92 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bouchereau A, Aziz A, Larher F, Martin-Tanguy J (1999) Polyamines and environmental challenges: recent development. Plant Sci 140:103–125 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Bray EA (1997) Plant responses to water deficit. Trends Plant Sci 2:48–54 Article Google Scholar
Brieger L (1885) Über Spaltungsprodukte der Bacterien, Zweite Mittheilung. Zeitschr Physiol Chem 9:1–7 Google Scholar
Bright J, Desikan R, Hancock JT, Weir IS, Neill SJ (2006) ABA-induced NO generation and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis are dependent on H2O2 synthesis. Plant J 45:113–122 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bruggemann LI, Pottosin II, Schonknecht G (1998) Cytoplasmic polyamines block the fast-activating vacuolar cation channel. Plant J 16:101–105 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Capell T, Bassie L, Christou P (2004) Modulation of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway in transgenic rice confers tolerance to drought stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:990–991 Article Google Scholar
Cheng L, Zou YJ, Ding SL, Zhang JJ, Yu XL, Cao JS, Lu G (2009) Polyamine accumulation in transgenic tomato enhances the tolerance to high temperature stress. J Integr Plant Biol 51:489–499 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Childs AC, Mehta DJ, Gerner EW (2003) Polyamine-dependent gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 60:1394–1406 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Cona A, Rea G, Angelini R, Federico R, Tavladoraki P (2006) Functions of amine oxidases in plant development and defence. Trends Plant Sci 11:80–88 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Cuevas JC, Lopez-Cobollo R, Alcázar R, Zarza X, Koncz C, Altabella T, Salinas J, Tiburcio AF, Ferrando A (2008) Putrescine is involved in Arabidopsis freezing tolerance and cold acclimation by regulating abscisic acid levels in response to low temperature. Plant Physiol 148:1094–1105 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Cuevas JC, Lopez-Cobollo R, Alcazar R, Zarza X, Koncz C, Altabella T, Salinas J, Tiburcio AF, Ferrando A (2009) Putrescine as a signal to modulate the indispensable ABA increase under cold stress. Plant Signal Behav 4:219–220 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Datta N, Schell MB, Roux SJ (1987) Spermine stimulation of a nuclear NII kinase from pea plumules and its role in the phosphorylation of a nuclear polypeptide. Plant Physiol 84:1397–1401 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Delavega AL, Delcour AH (1995) Cadaverine induces closing of Escherichia coli porins. EMBO J 14:6058–6065 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Dudley HW, Rosenheim O, Starling WW (1926) The chemical constitution of spermine III. Structure and synthesis. Biochem J 20:1082–1094 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Dudley HW, Rosenheim O, Starling WW (1927) The constitution and synthesis of spermidine, a newly discovered base isolated from animal tissues. Biochem J 21:97–103 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Fellenberg C, Böttcher C, Vogt T (2009) Phenylpropanoid polyamine conjugate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana flower buds. Phytochemistry 70:1392–1400 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ferrando A, Carrasco P, Cuevas JC, Altabella T, Tiburcio AF (2004) Integrated molecular analysis of the polyamine metabolic pathway in abiotic stress signalling. In: Amâncio S, Stulen I (eds) Nitrogen acquisition and assimilation in higher plants. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp 207–230. ISBN:1-4020-2728-1 (e-book)
Flores HE, Galston AW (1982) Polyamines and plant stress—activation of putrescine biosynthesis by osmotic shock. Science 217:1259–1261 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Galston AW (1991) On the trail of a new regulatory system in plants. New Biol 3:450–453 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ghosh B (2000) Polyamines and plant alkaloids. Indian J Exp Biol 38:1086–1091 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gill S, Tuteja N (2010) Polyamines and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Plant Signal Behav 7:5(1). PMID: 20023386 Google Scholar
Gilroy S, Read ND, Trewavas AJ (1990) Elevation of cytoplasmic calcium by caged calcium or caged inositol trisphosphate initiates stomatal closure. Nature 346:769–771 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Grienenberger E, Besseau S, Geoffroy P, Debayle D, Heintz D, Lapierre C, Pollet B, Heitz T, Legrand M (2009) A BAHD acyltransferase is expressed in the tapetum of Arabidopsis anthers and is involved in the synthesis of hydroxycinnamoyl spermidines. Plant J 58:246–259 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Groppa MD, Benavides MP (2008) Polyamines and abiotic stress: recent advances. Amino Acids 34:35–45 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gupta R, Huang YF, Kieber J, Luan S (1998) Identification of a dual-specificity protein phosphatase that inactivates a MAP kinase from Arabidopsis. Plant J 16:581–589 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hamasaki-Katagiri N, Katagiri Y, Tabor CW, Tabor H (1998) Spermine is not essential for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: identification of the SPE4 gene (spermine synthase) and characterization of a spe4 deletion mutant. Gene 210:195–201 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hanfrey C, Sommer S, Mayer MJ, Burtin D, Michael AJ (2001) Arabidopsis polyamine biosynthesis: absence of ornithine decarboxylase and the mechanism of arginine decarboxylase activity. Plant J 27:551–560 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hanzawa Y, Takahashi T, Michael AJ, Burtin D, Long D, Pineiro M, Coupland G, Komeda Y (2000) ACAULIS5, an Arabidopsis gene required for stem elongation, encodes a spermine synthase. EMBO J 19:4248–4256 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Huang J, Sengupta R, Espejo AB, Lee MG, Dorsey JA, Richter M, Opravil S, Shiekhattar R, Bedford MT, Jenuwein T, Berger SL (2007) p53 is regulated by the lysine demethylase LSD1. Nature 449:105–180 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Igarashi K, Kashiwagi K (2000) Polyamines: mysterious modulators of cellular functions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 271:559–564 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Illingworth C, Mayer MJ, Elliott K, Hanfrey C, Walton NJ, Michael AJ (2003) The diverse bacterial origins of the Arabidopsis polyamine biosynthetic pathway. FEBS Lett 549:26–30 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Imai A, Akiyama T, Kato T, Sato S, Tabata S, Yamamoto KT, Takahashi T (2004a) Spermine is not essential for survival of Arabidopsis. FEBS Lett 556:148–152 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Imai A, Matsuyama T, Hanzawa Y, Akiyama T, Tamaoki M, Saji H, Shirano Y, Kato T, Hayashi H, Shibata D, Tabata S, Komeda Y, Takahashi T (2004b) Spermidine synthase genes are essential for survival of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 135:1565–1573 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Imanishi S, Hashizume K, Nakakita M, Kojima H, Matsubayashi Y, Hashimoto T, Sakagami Y, Yamada Y, Nakamura K (1998) Differential induction by methyl jasmonate of genes encoding ornithine decarboxylase and other enzymes involved in nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco cell cultures. Plant Mol Biol 38:1101–1111 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Janowitz T, Kneifel H, Piotrowski M (2003) Identification and characterization of plant agmatine iminohydrolase, the last missing link in polyamine biosynthesis of plants. FEBS Lett 544:258–261 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Jiang D, Yang W, He Y, Amasino RM (2007) Arabidopsis relatives of the human lysine-specific demethylase1 repress the expression of FWA and FLOWERING LOCUS C and thus promote the floral transition. Plant Cell 19:2975–2987 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Johnson TD (1996) Modulation of channel function by polyamines. Trends Pharmacol Sci 17:22–27 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kakehi JI, Kuwashiro Y, Niitsu M, Takahashi T (2008) Thermospermine is required for stem elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 49:1342–1349 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kamada-Nobusada T, Hayashi M, Fukazawa M, Sakakibara H, Nishimura M (2008) A putative peroxisomal polyamine oxidase, AtPAO4, is involved in polyamine catabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 49:1272–1282 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kasinathan V, Wingler A (2004) Effect of reduced arginine decarboxylase activity on salt tolerance and on polyamine formation during salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol Plant 121:101–107 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kasukabe Y, He LX, Nada K, Misawa S, Ihara I, Tachibana S (2004) Overexpression of spermidine synthase enhances tolerance to multiple environmental stresses and up-regulates the expression of various stress regulated genes in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 45:712–722 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Knott JM, Romer P, Sumper M (2007) Putative spermine synthases from Thalassiosira pseudonana and Arabidopsis thaliana synthesize thermospermine rather than spermine. FEBS Lett 581:3081–3086 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Krichevsky A, Gutgarts H, Kozlovsky SV, Tzfira T, Sutton A, Sternglanz R, Mandel G, Citovsky V (2007) C2H2 zinc finger-SET histone methyltransferase is a plant-specific chromatin modifier. Dev Biol 303:259–269 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kuehn GD, Affolter HU, Atmar VJ, Seebeck T, Gubler U, Braun R (1979) Polyamine-mediated phosphorylation of a nucleolar protein from Physarum polycephalum that stimulates ribosomal-RNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:2541–2545 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kumar A, Altabella T, Taylor MA, Tiburcio AF (1997) Recent advances in polyamine research. Trends Plant Sci 2:124–130 Article Google Scholar
Kumria R, Rajam MV (2002) Ornithine decarboxylase transgene in tobacco affects polyamines, in vitro morphogenesis and response to salt stress. J Plant Physiol 159:983–990 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kuppusamy K, Walcher C, Nemhauser J (2009) Cross-regulatory mechanisms in hormone signaling. Plant Mol Biol 69:375–381 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kusano T, Yamaguchi K, Berberich T, Takahashi Y (2007) The polyamine spermine rescues Arabidopsis from salinity and drought stresses. Plant Signal Behav 2:251–252 PubMed Google Scholar
Kusano T, Berberich T, Tateda C, Takahashi Y (2008) Polyamines: essential factors for growth and survival. Planta 228:367–381 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kwak JM, Mori IC, Pei ZM, Leonhardt N, Torres MA, Dangl JL, Bloom RE, Bodde S, Jones JDG, Schroeder JI (2003) NADPH oxidase AtrbohD and AtrbohF genes function in ROS-dependent ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. EMBO J 22:2623–2633 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Liu K, Fu H, Bei Q, Luan S (2000) Inward potassium channel in guard cells as a target for polyamine regulation of stomatal movements. Plant Physiol 124:1315–1326 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Luo J, Fuell C, Parr A, Hill L, Bailey P, Elliott K, Fairhurst SA, Martin C, Michael AJ (2009) A novel polyamine acyltransferase responsible for the accumulation of spermidine conjugates in Arabidopsis seed. Plant Cell 21:318–333 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Mahajan S, Tuteja N (2005) Cold, salinity and drought stresses: an overview. Arch Biochem Biophys 444:139–158 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Malmberg RL, Watson MB, Galloway GL, Yu W (1998) Molecular genetic analyses of plant polyamines. Crit Rev Plant Sci 17:199–224 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Martin-Tanguy J (1997) Conjugated polyamines and reproductive development: Biochemical, molecular and physiological approaches. Physiol Plant 100:675–688 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Mehta AM, Saftner RA, Schaeffer GW, Mattoo AK (1991) Translational modification of an 18 Kilodalton polypeptide by spermidine in rice cell-suspension cultures. Plant Physiol 95:1294–1297 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Michael AJ, Furze JM, Rhodes MJC, Burtin D (1996) Molecular cloning and functional identification of a plant ornithine decarboxylase cDNA. Biochem J 314:241–248 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Michard E, Dreyer I, Lacombe B, Sentenac H, Thibaud JB (2005) Inward rectification of the AKT2 channel abolished by voltage-dependent phosphorylation. Plant J 44:783–797 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Minguet EG, Vera-Sirera F, Marina A, Carbonell J, Blazquez MA (2008) Evolutionary diversification in polyamine biosynthesis. Mol Biol Evol 25:2119–2128 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Mohapatra S, Minocha R, Long S, Minocha SC (2009) Transgenic manipulation of a single polyamine in poplar cells affects the accumulation of all amino acids. Amino Acids. doi:10.07/s00726-009-0322-z
Moller SG, McPherson MJ (1998) Developmental expression and biochemical analysis of the Arabidopsis ATAO1 gene encoding an H2O2-generating diamine oxidase. Plant J 13:781–791 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Moschou PN, Paschalidis KA, Roubelakis-Angelakis KA (2008) Plant polyamine catabolism: the state of the art. Plant Signal Behav 3:1061–1066 PubMed Google Scholar
Neill S, Barros R, Bright J, Desikan R, Hancock J, Harrison J, Morris P, Ribeiro D, Wilson I (2008) Nitric oxide, stomatal closure, and abiotic stress. J Exp Bot 59:165–176 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Pandey S, Ranade SA, Nagar PK, Kumar N (2000) Role of polyamines and ethylene as modulators of plant senescence. J Biosci 25:291–299 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Panicot M, Minguet EG, Ferrando A, Alcázar R, Blazquez MA, Carbonell J, Altabella T, Koncz C, Tiburcio AF (2002) A polyamine metabolon involving aminopropyl transferase complexes in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14:2539–2551 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Perez-Amador MA, Leon J, Green PJ, Carbonell J (2002) Induction of the arginine decarboxylase ADC2 gene provides evidence for the involvement of polyamines in the wound response in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 130:1454–1463 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Piotrowski M, Janowitz T, Kneifel H (2003) Plant C-N hydrolases and the identification of a plant _N_-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase involved in polyamine biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 278:1708–1712 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Rambla JL, Vera-Sirera F, Blázquez MA, Carbonell J, Granell A (2010) Quantitation of biogenic tetramines in Arabidopsis thaliana. Anal Biochem 397:208–211 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Richards FJ, Coleman RG (1952) Occurrence of putrescine in potassium-deficient barley. Nature 170:460 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Roberts SC, Jiang YQ, Jardim A, Carter NS, Heby O, Ullman B (2001) Genetic analysis of spermidine synthase from Leishmania donovani. Mol Biochem Parasitol 115:217–226 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Roy M, Wu R (2001) Arginine decarboxylase transgene expression and analysis of environmental stress tolerance in transgenic rice. Plant Sci 160:869–875 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Roy M, Wu R (2002) Overexpression of _S_-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene in rice increases polyamine level and enhances sodium chloride-stress tolerance. Plant Sci 163:987–992 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sebela M, Radova A, Angelini R, Tavladoraki P, Frebort I, Pec P (2001) FAD-containing polyamine oxidases: a timely challenge for researchers in biochemistry and physiology of plants. Plant Sci 160:197–207 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Seyfred MA, Farrell LE, Wells WW (1984) Characterization of D-myo-Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate phosphatase in rat-liver plasma-membranes. J Biol Chem 259:3204–3208 Google Scholar
Shabala S, Cuin TA, Pottosin I (2007) Polyamines prevent NaCl-induced K+ efflux from pea mesophyll by blocking non-selective cation channels. FEBS Lett 581:1993–1999 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Sharma SS, Dietz KJ (2006) The significance of amino acids and amino acid-derived molecules in plant responses and adaptation to heavy metal stress. J Exp Bot 57:711–726 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
She XP, Song XG, He JM (2004) Role and relationship of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in light/dark-regulated stomatal movement in Vicia faba. Acta Bot Sin 46:1292–1300 CAS Google Scholar
Shi YJ, Lan F, Matson C, Mulligan P, Whetstine JR, Cole PA, Casero RA, Shi Y (2004) Histone demethylation mediated by the nuclear amine oxidase homolog LSD1. Cell 119:941–953 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Singh SS, Chauhan A, Brockerhoff H, Chauhan VPS (1995) Differential-effects of spermine on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase. Life Sci 57:685–694 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Slocum RD, Kaur-Sawhney R, Galston AW (1984) The physiology and biochemistry of polyamines in plants. Arch Biochem Biophys 235:283–303 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Smith TA, Richards FJ (1964) The biosynthesis of putrescine in higher plants and its relation to potassium nutrition. Biochem J 84:292–294 Google Scholar
Soyka S, Heyer AG (1999) Arabidopsis knockout mutation of ADC2 gene reveals inducibility by osmotic stress. Febs Lett 458:219–223 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Takahashi T, Kakehi J-I (2009) Polyamines: ubiquitous polycations with unique roles in growth and stress responses. Ann Bot 105:1–6 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Tassoni A, Antognoni F, Battistini ML, Sanvido O, Bagni N (1998) Characterization of spermidine binding to solubilized plasma membrane proteins from zucchini hypocotyls. Plant Physiol 117:971–977 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Tassoni A, Napier RM, Franceschetti M, Venis MA, Bagni N (2002) Spermidine-binding proteins. Purification and expression analysis in maize. Plant Physiol 128:1303–1312 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Tavladoraki P, Rossi MN, Saccuti G, Perez-Amador MA, Polticelli F, Angelini R, Federico R (2006) Heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a polyamine oxidase from Arabidopsis involved in polyamine back conversion. Plant Physiol 141:1519–1532 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Teuber M, Azemi ME, Namjoyan F, Meier AC, Wodak A, Brandt W, Drager B (2007) Putrescine _N_-methyltransferases—a structure–function analysis. Plant Mol Biol 63:787–801 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Tiburcio AF, Kaur-Sawhney R, Galston AW (1990) Polyamine metabolism. In: Stumpf PK, Conn EE (eds) The Biochemistry of plants. Academic Press, New York, USA, pp 283–235. ISBN:0-12-6754 16-0
Tun NN, Santa-Catarina C, Begum T, Silveira V, Handro W, Floh EIS, Scherer GFE (2006) Polyamines induce rapid biosynthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Plant Cell Physiol 47:346–354 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Urano K, Yoshiba Y, Nanjo T, Igarashi Y, Seki M, Sekiguchi F, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2003) Characterization of Arabidopsis genes involved in biosynthesis of polyamines in abiotic stress responses and developmental stages. Plant Cell Environ 26:1917–1926 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Urano K, Yoshiba Y, Nanjo T, Ito T, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2004) Arabidopsis stress-inducible gene for arginine decarboxylase AtADC2 is required for accumulation of putrescine in salt tolerance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 313:369–375 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Urano K, Hobo T, Shinozaki K (2005) Arabidopsis ADC genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis are essential for seed development. FEBS Lett 579:1557–1564 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Urano K, Maruyama K, Ogata Y, Morishita Y, Takeda M, Sakurai N, Suzuki H, Saito K, Shibata D, Kobayashi M, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2009) Characterization of the ABA-regulated global responses to dehydration in Arabidopsis by metabolomics. Plant J 57:1065–1078 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
van Leeuwenhoek A (1678) Observationes D. Anthonii Leeuwenhoek, de natis e semine genitali animalculis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 12:1040–1043 Google Scholar
Waie B, Rajam MV (2003) Effect of increased polyamine biosynthesis on stress responses in transgenic tobacco by introduction of human _S_-adenosylmethionine gene. Plant Sci 164:727–734 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Walden R, Cordeiro A, Tiburcio AF (1997) Polyamines: Small molecules triggering pathways in plant growth and development. Plant Physiol 113:1009–1013 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wang XJ, Ikeguchi Y, McCloskey DE, Nelson P, Pegg AE (2004) Spermine synthesis is required for normal viability, growth, and fertility in the mouse. J Biol Chem 279:51370–51375 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wen XP, Ban Y, Inoue H, Matsuda N, Moriguchi T (2009) Aluminum tolerance in a spermidine synthase-overexpressing transgenic European pear is correlated with the enhanced level of spermidine via alleviating oxidative status. Environ Exp Bot 66:471–478 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wi SJ, Park KY (2002) Antisense expression of carnation cDNA encoding ACC synthase or ACC oxidase enhances polyamine content and abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants. Mol Cells 13:209–220 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wi SJ, Kim WT, Park KY (2006) Overexpression of carnation _S_-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene generates a broad-spectrum tolerance to abiotic stresses in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Cell Rep 25:1111–1121 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wilson PB, Estavillo GM, Field KJ, Pornsiriwong W, Carroll AJ, Howell KA, Woo NS, Lake JA, Smith SM, Millar AH, von Caemmerer S, Pogson BJ (2009) The nucleotidase/phosphatase SAL1 is a negative regulator of drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant J 58:299–317 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Yamaguchi K, Takahashi Y, Berberich T, Imai A, Miyazaki A, Takahashi T, Michael A, Kusano T (2006) The polyamine spermine protects against high salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 580:6783–6788 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Yamaguchi K, Takahashi Y, Berberich T, Imai A, Takahashi T, Michael AJ, Kusano T (2007) A protective role for the polyamine spermine against drought stress in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 352:486–490 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Yamasaki H, Cohen MF (2006) NO signal at the crossroads: polyamine-induced nitric oxide synthesis in plants? Trends Plant Sci 11:522–524 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Zhao FG, Song CP, He JQ, Zhu H (2007) Polyamines improve K+/Na+ homeostasis in barley seedlings by regulating root ion channel activities. Plant Physiol 145:1061–1072 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar