Molecular identification and distribution of Cryptosporidium and Giardia duodenalis in raw urban wastewater in Harbin, China (original) (raw)

• Bai X, Zeng L, Zhu B, Wang H (2006) Existence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the effluent from a WWTP and its receiving water in Shanghai. Chin J Health Lab Technol 16:4–5 (in Chinese)
  Google Scholar
• Cacciò SM, De Giacomo M, Aulicino FA, Pozio E (2003) Giardia cysts in wastewater treatment plants in Italy. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:3393–3398
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Cai J, Du H, Hu X, Liu J, Huang W, Cui X (2007) Investigation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia contaminating drinking-water in Chengdu. Chin J Health Lab Technol 17:2165–2167 (in Chinese)
  Google Scholar
• Castro-Hermida JA, Almeida A, González-Warleta M, Correia da Costa JM, Rumbo-Lorenzo C, Mezo M (2007) Occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis in healthy adult domestic ruminants. Parasitol Res 101:1443–1448
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Coklin T, Farber J, Parrington L, Dixon B (2007) Prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle in Ontario, Canada. Vet Parasitol 150:297–305
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Feng Y, Li N, Duan L, Xiao L (2009) Cryptosporidium genotype and subtype distribution in raw wastewater in Shanghai, China: evidence for possible unique Cryptosporidium hominis transmission. J Clin Microbiol 47:153–157
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Gelanew T, Lalle M, Hailu A, Pozio E, Cacciò SM (2007) Molecular characterization of human isolates of Giardia duodenalis from Ethiopia. Acta Trop 102:92–99
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Geurden T, Thomas P, Casaert S, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E (2008) Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in lambs and goat kids in Belgium. Vet Parasitol 155:142–145
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Haque R, Roy S, Kabir M, Stroup SE, Mondal D, Houpt ER (2005) Giardia assemblage A infection and diarrhea in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis 192:2171–2173
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Homan WM, Mank TG (2001) Human giardiasis: genotype linked differences in clinical symptomatology. Int J Parasitol 31:822–826
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Jiang J, Alderisio KA, Xiao L (2005) Distribution of Cryptosporidium genotypes in storm event water samples from three watersheds in New York. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:4446–4454
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Karanis P, Kourenti C, Smith H (2007) Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: a worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt. J Water Health 5:1–38
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Khouja LB, Cama V, Xiao L (2010) Parasitic contamination in wastewater and sludge samples in Tunisia using three different detection techniques. Parasitol Res 107:109–116
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Kuroki T, Watanabe Y, Asai Y, Yamai S, Endo T, Uni S, Kimata I, Iseki M (1996) An outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis in Kanagawa, Japan. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 70:132–140
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Learmonth JJ, Ionas G, Pita AB, Cowie RS (2003) Identification and genetic characterisation of Giardia and Cryptosporidium strains in humans and dairy cattle in the Waikato Region of New Zealand. Water Sci Technol 47:21–26
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Leoni F, Amar C, Nichols G, Pedraza-Díaz S, McLauchlin J (2006) Genetic analysis of Cryptosporidium from 2414 humans with diarrhoea in England between 1985 and 2000. J Med Microbiol 55:703–707
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Leoni F, Mallon ME, Smith HV, Tait A, McLauchlin J (2007) Multilocus analysis of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum isolates from sporadic and outbreak-related human cases and C. parvum isolates from sporadic livestock cases in the United Kingdom. J Clin Microbiol 45:3286–3294
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Liu A, Wang R, Li Y, Zhang L, Shu J, Zhang W, Feng Y, Xiao L, Ling H (2009) Prevalence and distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle in Heilongjiang Province, China. Parasitol Res 105:797–802
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Ljungström I, Castor B (1992) Immune response to Giardia lamblia in a water-borne outbreak of giardiasis in Sweden. J Med Microbiol 36:347–352
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• McDonald AC, Mac Kenzie WR, Addiss DG, Gradus MS, Linke G, Zembrowski E, Hurd MR, Arrowood MJ, Lammie PJ, Priest JW (2001) _Cryptosporidium parvum_-specific antibody responses among children residing in Milwaukee during the 1993 waterborne outbreak. J Infect Dis 183:1373–1379
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Montemayor M, Valero F, Jofre J, Lucena F (2005) Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in raw and treated sewage and river water in north-eastern Spain. J Appl Microbiol 99:1455–1462
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Peng MM, Matos O, Gatei W et al. (2001) A comparison of Cryptosporidium subgenotypes from several geographic regions. J Eukaryot Microbiol Suppl:28S–31S
• Read C, Walters J, Robertson ID, Thompson RC (2002) Correlation between genotype of Giardia duodenalis and diarrhoea. Int J Parasitol 32:229–231
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Read CM, Monis PT, Thompson RC (2004) Discrimination of all genotypes of Giardia duodenalis at the glutamate dehydrogenase locus using PCR-RFLP. Infect Genet Evol 4:125–130
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Robertson LJ, Hermansen L, Gjerde BK (2006) Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in sewage in Norway. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:5297–5303
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Robertson LJ, Forberg T, Gjerde BK (2007) Giardia cysts in sewage influent in Bergen, Norway 15–23 months after an extensive waterborne outbreak of giardiasis. J Appl Microbiol 104:1147–1152
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Ruecker NJ, Braithwaite SL, Topp E, Edge T, Lapen DR, Wilkes G, Robertson W, Medeiros D, Sensen CW, Neumann NF (2007) Tracking host sources of Cryptosporidium spp. in raw water for improved health risk assessment. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:3945–3957
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Ryan UM, Bath C, Robertson I, Read C, Elliot A, McInnes L, Traub R, Besier B (2005) Sheep may not be an important zoonotic reservoir for Cryptosporidium and Giardia parasites. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:4992–4997
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Santín M, Trout JM, Fayer R (2007) Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species and genotypes in sheep in Maryland. Vet Parasitol 146:17–24
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Slifko TR, Smith HV, Rose JB (2000) Emerging parasite zoonoses associated with water and food. Int J Parasitol 30:1379–1393
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Sulaiman IM, Fayer R, Bern C, Gilman RH, Trout JM, Schantz PM, Das P, Lal AA, Xiao L (2003) Triosephosphate isomerase gene characterization and potential zoonotic transmission of Giardia duodenalis. Emerg Infect Dis 9:1444–1452
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Sulaiman IM, Jiang J, Singh A, Xiao L (2004) Distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes and subgenotypes in raw urban wastewater in Milwaukee. Wisconsin Appl Environ Microbiol 70:3776–3780
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Traub RJ, Monis PT, Robertson I, Irwin P, Mencke N, Thompson RC (2004) Epidemiological and molecular evidence supports the zoonotic transmission of Giardia among humans and dogs living in the same community. Parasitology 128:253–262
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Traub R, Wade S, Read C, Thompson A, Mohammed H (2005) Molecular characterization of potentially zoonotic isolates of Giardia duodenalis in horses. Vet Parasitol 130:317–321
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Wang R, Wang J, Sun M, Dang H, Feng Y, Ning C, Jian F, Zhang L, Xiao L (2008) Molecular characterization of the Cryptosporidium cervine genotype from a sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck) in Zhengzhou, China and literature review. Parasitol Res 103:865–869
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Feng Y, Cui B, Jian F, Ning C, Wang R, Zhang L, Xiao L (2010) Cervine genotype is the major Cryptosporidium genotype in sheep in China. Parasitol Res 106:341–347
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Wang R, Zhang X, Zhu H, Zhang L, Feng Y, Jian F, Ning C, Qi M, Zhou Y, Fu K, Wang Y, Sun Y, Wang Q, Xiao L (2011) Genetic characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in humans in Henan, China. Exp Parasitol 127:42–45
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Willocks L, Crampin A, Milne L, Seng C, Susman M, Gair R, Moulsdale M, Shafi S, Wall R, Wiggins R, Lightfoot N (1998) A large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a public water supply from a deep chalk borehole. Outbreak Investigation Team. Commun Dis Public Health 1:239–243
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Xiao L (2010) Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: an update. Exp Parasitol 124:80–89
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Xiao L, Fayer R (2008) Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission. Int J Parasitol 38:1239–1255
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Xiao L, Morgan UM, Limor J, Escalante A, Arrowood M, Shulaw W, Thompson RC, Fayer R, Lal AA (1999) Genetic diversity within Cryptosporidium parvum and related Cryptosporidium species. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3386–3391
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Xiao L, Singh A, Limor J, Graczyk TK, Gradus S, Lal A (2001) Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium oocysts in samples of raw surface water and wastewater. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:1097–1101
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Yu S, Chen Y, Yan J (2009) The determination of Giardia Theca and Cryptosporidium Capsule in water by immunofluorescence method. Adm Tech Environ Monit 21:33–35 (in Chinese)
  Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Li Y, Yu S, Ye B, Yu G, Cai C (2004) Investigation on pathogenic protozoa contamination of self-produced vegetables and acquatic systems in Shenzhen. Chin J Public Health Manag 20:261–262 (in Chinese)
  CAS Google Scholar
• Zhou L, Singh A, Jiang J, Xiao L (2003) Molecular surveillance of Cryptosporidium spp. in raw wastewater in Milwaukee: implications for understanding outbreak occurrence and transmission dynamics. J Clin Microbiol 41:5254–5257
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar