Hutchins JB, Barger SW (1998) Why neurons die: cell death in the nervous system. Anat Rec 253:79–90 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Fadeel B, Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B (1999) Apoptosis in human disease: a new skin for the old ceremony? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 266:699–717 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Saraste A, Pulkki K (2000) Morphologic and biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis. Cardiovasc Res 45:528–537 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hengartner MO, Horvitz HR (1994) The ins and outs of programmed cell death during C. elegans development. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 345:243–246 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR (1972) Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 26:239–257 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Vaux DL, Cory S, Adams JM (1988) Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells. Nature 335:440–442 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Reed JC, Cuddy M, Slabiak T et al (1988) Oncogenic potential of bcl-2 demonstrated by gene transfer. Nature 336:259–261 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
McDonnell TJ, Deane N, Platt FM et al (1989) bcl-2-immunoglobulin transgenic mice demonstrate extended B cell survival and follicular lymphoproliferation. Cell 57:79–88 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Yuan J, Shaham S, Ledoux S et al (1993) The C. elegans cell death gene ced-3 encodes a protein similar to mammalian interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme. Cell 75:641–652 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Liu X, Kim CN, Yang J et al (1996) Induction of apoptotic program in cell-free extracts: requirement for dATP and cytochrome c. Cell 86:147–157 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Inohara N, Ding L, Chen S et al (1997) harakiri, a novel regulator of cell death, encodes a protein that activates apoptosis and interacts selectively with survival-promoting proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L). EMBO J 16:1686–1694 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Yang E, Zha J, Jockel J et al (1995) Bad, a het-erodimeric partner for Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, displaces Bax and promotes cell death. Cell 80:285–291 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wang K, Yin XM, Chao DT et al (1996) BID: a novel BH3 domain-only death agonist. Genes Dev 10:2859–2869 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Yin XM, Wang K, Gross A et al (1999) Bid-deficient mice are resistant to Fas-induced hepatocellular apoptosis. Nature 400:886–891 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bouillet P, Metcalf D, Huang DC et al (1999) Proapoptotic Bcl-2 relative Bim required for certain apoptotic responses, leukocyte homeostasis, and to preclude autoimmunity. Science 286:1735–1738 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Uren AG, Pakusch M, Hawkins CJ et al (1996) Cloning and expression of apoptosis inhibitory protein homologs that function to inhibit apoptosis and/or bind tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93: 4974–4978 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Duckett CS, Nava VE, Gedrich RW et al (1996) A conserved family of cellular genes related to the baculovirus iap gene and encoding apoptosis inhibitors. EMBO J 15:2685–2694 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Muchmore SW, Sattler M, Liang H et al (1996) X-ray and NMR structure of human Bcl-xL, an inhibitor of programmed cell death. Nature 381:335–341 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wang JL, Liu D, Zhang ZJ et al (2000) Structure-based discovery of an organic compound that binds Bcl-2 protein and induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:7124–7129 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Oltersdorf T, Elmore SW, Shoemaker AR et al (2005) An inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins induces regression of solid tumours. Nature 435:677–681 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Letai A, Bassik MC, Walensky LD et al (2002) Distinct BH3 domains either sensitize or activate mitochondrial apoptosis, serving as prototype cancer therapeutics. Cancer Cell 2:183–192 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Willis SN, Chen L, Dewson G et al (2005) Proapoptotic Bak is sequestered by Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL, but not Bcl-2, until displaced by BH3-only proteins. Genes Dev 19:1294–1305 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kim H, Rafiuddin-Shah M, Tu HC et al (2006) Hierarchical regulation of mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis by BCL-2 subfamilies. Nat Cell Biol 8:1348–1358 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Nunez G, Benedict M, Hu Y et al (1998) Caspases: the proteases of the apoptotic pathway. Oncogene 17:3237–3245 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Morishima N, Nakanishi K, Takenouchi H et al (2002) An endoplasmic reticulum stress-specific caspase cascade in apoptosis. Cytochrome c-independent activation of caspase-9 by caspase-12. J Biol Chem 277:34287–34294 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Boatright KM, Renatus M, Scott FL et al (2003) A unified model for apical caspase activation. Mol Cell 11:529–541 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Pop C, Timmer J, Sperandio S et al (2006) The apoptosome activates caspase-9 by dimerization. Mol Cell 22:269–275 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gelinas C, White E (2005) BH3-only proteins in control: specificity regulates MCL-1 and BAK-mediated apoptosis. Genes Dev 19:1263–1268 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Imaizumi K, Benito A, Kiryu-Seo S et al (2004) Critical role for DP5/Harakiri, a Bcl-2 homology domain 3-only Bcl-2 family member, in axotomy-induced neuronal cell death. J Neurosci 24:3721–3725 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Coultas L, Bouillet P, Stanley EG et al (2004) Proapoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family member Bik/Blk/Nbk is expressed in hemopoietic and endothelial cells but is redundant for their programmed death. Mol Cell Biol 24:1570–1581 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Zinkel SS, Ong CC, Ferguson DO et al (2003) Proapoptotic BID is required for myeloid homeostasis and tumor suppression. Genes Dev 17:229–239 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ranger AM, Zha J, Harada H et al (2003) Bad-deficient mice develop diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:9324–9329 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Villunger A, Michalak EM, Coultas L et al (2003) p53-and drug-induced apoptotic responses mediated by BH3-only proteins puma and noxa. Science 302:1036–1038 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Tagawa H, Karnan S, Suzuki R et al (2005) Genome-wide array-based CGH for mantle cell lymphoma: identification of homozygous deletions of the proapoptotic gene BIM. Oncogene 24:1348–1358 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Mestre-Escorihuela C, Rubio-Moscardo F, Richter JA et al (2007) Homozygous deletions localize novel tumor suppressor genes in B-cell lymphomas. Blood 109:271–280 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Puthalakath H, Strasser A (2002) Keeping killers on a tight leash: transcriptional and post-translational control of the pro-apoptotic activity of BH3-only proteins. Cell Death Differ 9:505–512 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Sanz C, Mellstrom B, Link W et al (2001) Interleukin 3-dependent activation of DREAM is involved in transcriptional silencing of the apoptotic Hrk gene in hematopoietic progenitor cells. EMBO J 20:2286–2292 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Klasa RJ, Gillum AM, Klem RE et al (2002) Oblimersen Bcl-2 antisense: facilitating apoptosis in anticancer treatment. Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev 12:193–213 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Reed JC (2006) Drug insight: cancer therapy strategies based on restoration of endogenous cell death mechanisms. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 3:388–398 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Tzung SP, Kim KM, Basanez G et al (2001) Antimycin A mimics a cell-death-inducing Bcl-2 homology domains 3. Nat Cell Biol 3:183–191 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Real PJ, Cao Y, Wang R et al (2004) Breast cancer cells can evade apoptosis-mediated selective killing by a novel small molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2. Cancer Res 64:7947–7953 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kitada S, Leone M, Sareth S et al (2003) Discovery, characterization, and structure-activity relationships studies of proapoptotic polyphenols targeting B-cell lymphocyte/leukemia-2 proteins. J Med Chem 46:4259–4264 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Trauth BC, Klas C, Peters AM et al (1989) Monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor regression by induction of apoptosis. Science 245:301–305 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Cretney E, Takeda K, Yagita H et al (2002) Increased susceptibility to tumor initiation and metastasis in TNF-related apoptosis-inducing lig-and-deficient mice. J Immunol 168:1356–1361 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Walczak H, Miller RE, Ariail K et al (1999) Tumoricidal activity of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in vivo. Nat Med 5:157–163 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hao C, Song JH, Hsi B et al (2004) TRAIL inhibits tumor growth but is nontoxic to human hepatocytes in chimeric mice. Cancer Res 64:8502–8506 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Tolcher AW, Mita M, Meropol NJ et al (2007) Phase I pharmacokinetic and biologic correlative study of mapatumumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody with agonist activity to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor-1. J Clin Oncol 25:1390–1395 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Schimmer AD, Welsh K, Pinilla C et al (2004) Small-molecule antagonists of apoptosis suppressor XIAP exhibit broad antitumor activity. Cancer Cell 5:25–35 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Li L, Thomas RM, Suzuki H et al (2004) A small molecule Smac mimic potentiates TRAIL-and TNFalpha-mediated cell death. Science 305:1471–1474 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Jiang X, Kim HE, Shu H et al (2003) Distinctive roles of PHAP proteins and prothymosin-alpha in a death regulatory pathway. Science 299:223–226 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Zhang HZ, Kasibhatla S, Wang Y et al (2004) Discovery, characterization and SAR of gambogic acid as a potent apoptosis inducer by a HTS assay. Bioorg Med Chem 12:309–317 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Putt KS, Chen GW, Pearson JM et al (2006) Small-molecule activation of procaspase-3 to caspase-3 as a personalized anticancer strategy. Nat Chem Biol 2:543–550 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar