Functions of FGF signalling from the apical ectodermal ridge in limb development (original) (raw)

• Hinchliffe, J. R. & Johnson, D. R. The Development of the Vertebrate Limb: An Approach Through Experiment, Genetics, and Evolution (Clarendon, Oxford, 1980)
  Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. L. & Tabin, C. J. Molecular models for vertebrate limb development. Cell 90, 979–990 (1997)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Saunders, J. W. Jr The proximo-distal sequence of the origin of the parts of the chick wing and the role of the ectoderm. J. Exp. Zool. 108, 363–403 (1948)
  Article Google Scholar
• Summerbell, D. A quantitative analysis of the effect of excision of the AER from the chick limb bud. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 32, 651–660 (1974)
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Rowe, D. A. & Fallon, J. F. The proximodistal determination of skeletal parts in the developing chick leg. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 68, 1–7 (1982)
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Rubin, L. & Saunders, J. W. J. Ectodermal-mesodermal interactions in the growth of limb buds in the chick embryo: constancy and temporal limits of the ectodermal induction. Dev. Biol. 28, 94–112 (1972)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Niswander, L., Tickle, C., Vogel, A., Booth, I. & Martin, G. R. FGF-4 replaces the apical ectodermal ridge and directs outgrowth and patterning of the limb. Cell 75, 579–587 (1993)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Fallon, J. et al. FGF-2: Apical ectodermal ridge growth signal for chick limb development. Science 264, 104–107 (1994)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Ornitz, D. M. & Itoh, N. Fibroblast growth factors. Genome Biol. 2, 3005.1–3005.12 (2001)
  Article Google Scholar
• Martin, G. R. The roles of FGFs in the early development of vertebrate limbs. Genes Dev. 12, 1571–1586 (1998)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Sun, X. et al. Conditional inactivation of Fgf4 reveals complexity of signalling during limb bud development. Nature Genet. 25, 83–86 (2000)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Feldman, B., Poueymirou, W., Papaioannou, V. E., DeChiara, T. M. & Goldfarb, M. Requirement of FGF-4 for postimplantation mouse development. Science 267, 246–249 (1995)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Sun, X., Meyers, E. N., Lewandoski, M. & Martin, G. R. Targeted disruption of Fgf8 causes failure of cell migration in the gastrulating mouse embryo. Genes Dev. 13, 1834–1846 (1999)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Colvin, J. S., Green, R. P., Schmahl, J., Capel, B. & Ornitz, D. M. Male-to-female sex reversal in mice lacking fibroblast growth factor 9. Cell 104, 875–889 (2001)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Xu, J., Liu, Z. & Ornitz, D. M. Temporal and spatial gradients of Fgf8 and Fgf17 regulate proliferation and differentiation of midline cerebellar structures. Development 127, 1833–1843 (2000)
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Moon, A. M., Boulet, A. M. & Capecchi, M. R. Normal limb development in conditional mutants of Fgf4. Development 127, 989–996 (2000)
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Lewandoski, M., Sun, X. & Martin, G. R. Fgf8 signalling from the AER is essential for normal limb development. Nature Genet. 26, 460–463 (2000)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Moon, A. M. & Capecchi, M. R. Fgf8 is required for outgrowth and patterning of the limbs. Nature Genet. 26, 455–459 (2000)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Meyers, E. N., Lewandoski, M. & Martin, G. R. An Fgf8 mutant allelic series generated by Cre- and Flp-mediated recombination. Nature Genet. 18, 136–141 (1998)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Wright, E. et al. The Sry-related gene Sox9 is expressed during chondrogenesis in mouse embryos. Nature Genet. 9, 15–20 (1995)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Min, H. et al. Fgf-10 is required for both limb and lung development and exhibits striking functional similarity to Drosophila branchless. Genes Dev. 12, 3156–3161 (1998)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Sekine, K. et al. Fgf10 is essential for limb and lung formation. Nature Genet. 21, 138–141 (1999)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Revest, J. M. et al. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2-IIIb acts upstream of Shh and Fgf4 and is required for limb bud maintenance but not for the induction of Fgf8, Fgf10, Msx1, or Bmp4. Dev. Biol. 231, 47–62 (2001)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Prahlad, K. V., Skala, G., Jones, D. G. & Briles, W. E. Limbless: a new genetic mutant in the chick. J. Exp. Zool. 209, 427–434 (1979)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Takahashi, M. et al. The role of Alx-4 in the establishment of anteroposterior polarity during vertebrate limb development. Development 125, 4417–4425 (1998)
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Rowe, D. A., Cairns, J. M. & Fallon, J. F. Spatial and temporal patterns of cell death in limb bud mesoderm after apical ectodermal ridge removal. Dev. Biol. 93, 83–91 (1982)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Dudley, A. T., Ros, M. A. & Tabin, C. J. A re-examination of proximodistal patterning during vertebrate limb development. Nature 418, 539–544 (2002)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Bober, E., Franz, T., Arnold, H. H., Gruss, P. & Tremblay, P. Pax-3 is required for the development of limb muscles: a possible role for the migration of dermomyotomal muscle progenitor cells. Development 120, 603–612 (1994)
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Baldwin, H. S. et al. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31): alternatively spliced, functionally distinct isoforms expressed during mammalian cardiovascular development. Development 120, 2539–2553 (1994)
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Gurley, L. R., D'Anna, J. A., Barham, S. S., Deaven, L. L. & Tobey, R. A. Histone phosphorylation and chromatin structure during mitosis in Chinese hamster cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 84, 1–15 (1978)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Hornbruch, A. & Wolpert, L. Cell division in the early growth and morphogenesis of the chick limb. Nature 226, 764–766 (1970)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Chiang, C. et al. Manifestation of the limb prepattern: limb development in the absence of Sonic hedgehog function. Dev. Biol. 236, 421–435 (2001)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kraus, P., Fraidenraich, D. & Loomis, C. A. Some distal limb structures develop in mice lacking Sonic hedgehog signalling. Mech. Dev. 100, 45–58 (2001)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Alberch, P. & Gale, E. A. Size dependence during the development of the amphibian foot. Colchicine-induced digital loss and reduction. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 76, 177–197 (1983)
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Wolpert, L., Tickle, C. & Sampford, M. The effect of cell killing by X-irradiation on pattern formation in the chick limb. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 50, 175–193 (1979)
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Li, S. & Muneoka, K. Cell migration and chick limb development: chemotactic action of FGF-4 and the AER. Dev. Biol. 211, 335–347 (1999)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Saxton, T. M. et al. The SH2 tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 is required for mammalian limb development. Nature Genet. 24, 420–423 (2000)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Stark, R. J. & Searls, R. L. The establishment of the cartilage pattern in the embryonic chick wing, and evidence for a role of the dorsal and ventral ectoderm in normal wing development. Dev. Biol. 38, 51–63 (1974)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Summerbell, D., Lewis, J. H. & Wolpert, L. Positional information in chick limb morphogenesis. Nature 244, 492–496 (1973)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Capdevila, J., Tsukui, T., Rodriquez Esteban, C., Zappavigna, V. & Izpisua Belmonte, J. C. Control of vertebrate limb outgrowth by the proximal factor Meis2 and distal antagonism of BMPs by Gremlin. Mol. Cell 4, 839–849 (1999)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Mercader, N. et al. Conserved regulation of proximodistal limb axis development by Meis1/Hth. Nature 402, 425–429 (1999)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Mercader, N. et al. Opposing RA and FGF signals control proximodistal vertebrate limb development through regulation of Meis genes. Development 127, 3961–3970 (2000)
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Maini, P. K. & Solursh, M. Cellular mechanisms of pattern formation in the developing limb. Int. Rev. Cytol. 129, 91–133 (1991)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Dahn, R. D. & Fallon, J. F. Interdigital regulation of digit identity and homeotic transformation by modulated BMP signalling. Science 289, 438–441 (2000)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Kingsley, D. M. Genetic control of bone and joint formation. Novartis Found. Symp. 232, 213–222 (2001)
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Muneoka, K., Wanek, N. & Bryant, S. V. Mammalian limb bud development: in situ fate maps of early hindlimb buds. J. Exp. Zool. 249, 50–54 (1989)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Carter, T. The genetics of luxate mice. IV. Embryology. J. Gent. 52, 1–35 (1954)
  Article Google Scholar
• Vargesson, N. et al. Cell fate in the chick limb bud and relationship to gene expression. Development 124, 1909–1918 (1997)
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar