Allele specific inactivation of insulin 1 and 2, in the mouse yolk sac, indicates imprinting (original) (raw)

References

  1. Surani, M.A., Barton, S.C. & Norris, M.L. Development of reconstituted mouse eggs suggests imprinting of the genome during gametogenesis. Nature 308, 548–550 (1984).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  2. Barlow, D.P., Stoger, R., Germann, B.G., Saito, K. & Schweifer, N. The mouse insulin-like growth factor type 2 receptor is imprinted and closely linked to the Tme locus. Nature 349, 84–87 (1991).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  3. Left, S.E. et al. Maternal imprinting of the Snrpn gene and conserved linkage homology with the human Prader willi Syndrome region. Nature Genet. 2, 259–264 (1992).
    Article Google Scholar
  4. DeChiara, T.M., Robertson, E.J. & Efstratiadis, A. Parental imprinting of the mouse insulin- like growth factor II gene. Cell 64, 849–859 (1991).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  5. Bartolome, M.S., Zemel, S. & Tilghman, S.M. Parental imprinting of the mouse H19 gene. Nature 351, 153–155 (1991).
    Article Google Scholar
  6. Rotwein, P. & Hall, L.J. Evolution of insulin-like growth factor ll:characterization of the mouse IGF-II gene and identification of two pseudo-exons. DNA Cell Biol. 9, 725–735 (1990).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  7. O'Malley, K.L. & Rotwein, P. Human tyrosine hydroxylase and insulin genes are contiguous on chromosome 11. Nucl. Acids Res. 16, 4437–4446 (1988).
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  8. Zemel, S., Bartolomei, M.S. & Tilghman, S.M. Physical linkage of two mammalian imprinted genes, _H19_and insulin-like growth factor 2. Nature Genet. 2, 61–65 (1992).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  9. Julier, C. et al. Insulin-_IGF2_region on chromosome 11p encodes a gene implicated in HLA-DR4-dependent susceptibility. Nature 354, 155–159 (1992).
    Article Google Scholar
  10. Soares, M.B. et al. RNA-mediated gene duplication. The rat preproinsulin I gene is a functional retropson. Molec. cell. Biol. 5, 2090–2103 (1985).
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  11. Wentworth, B.M., Schaeffer, I.M., Villa-Komaroff, L. & Chirgwin, J.M. Characterization of the two non-allelic genes encoding mouse preproinsulin. J. molec. Evol. 23, 305–312 (1986).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  12. Lomedico, P. et al. The structure and evolution of the two non-allelic rat preproinsulin genes. cell 18, 545–568 (1979).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  13. Giddings, S.J. & Carnaghi, L. Insulin II gene expression by extraplacental membranes: a non-pancreatic source for fetal insulin. J. biol. Chem. 264, 9462–9469 (1989).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  14. Giddings, S.J. & Carnaghi, L.R. Selective expression and developmental regulation of the ancestral rat insulin II gene in fetal liver. Molec. Endocrinal. 4, 1363–1369 (1990).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  15. Devaskar, S.U., Singh, B., Rajakumar, P.A., Carnaghi, L.R. & Giddings, S.J. Insulin II gene expression in the central nervous system. Regulatory Peptides 48, 55–63 (1993).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  16. Deltour, L. et al. Differential expression of the two nonallelic proinsulin genes in the developing mouse embryo. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 527–531 (1993).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  17. Koranyi, L., Permutt, M.A, Chirgwin, J.M. & Giddings, S.J. Proinsulin I and II gene expression in inbred mouse strains. Molec. Endocrinol. 3, 1895–1902 (1989).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  18. Donohue, D.L. Dysendocrinism. J. Pediatr. 32, 739–748 (1948).
    Article Google Scholar
  19. Kadowaki, T. et al. Five mutant alleles of the insulin receptor gene in patients with genetic forms of insulin resistance J. clin. Invest. 86, 254–264 (1990).
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
  20. Untemnan, T., Goewert-Bauman, G. & Frankel, N. Insulin receptors in embryo and extra-embryonic membranes of the early somite rat conceptus. Diabetes 35, 1193–1199 (1986).
    Article Google Scholar
  21. Giddings, S.J. & Carnaghi, L.R. Insulin receptor gene expression during development: developmental regulation of insulin receptor mRNA abundance in embryonic liver and yolk sac, developmental regulation of insulin receptor gene splicing and comparison to abundance of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor mRNA. Molec. Endocrinol. 6, 1665–1672 (1992).
    CAS Google Scholar
  22. Eisen, H.R., Goldfine, I.D. & Glinsman, W.H. Regulation of hepatic glycogen synthesis during fetal development: roles of hydrocortisone, insulin and insulin receptors. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70, 3453–3457 (1973).
    Article Google Scholar
  23. Sasaki, H. et al. Parental imprinting: potentially active chromatin of the repressed maternal allele of the mouse insulin-like growth factor II (Igf2) gene. Genes Dev. 6, 1843–1856 (1992).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  24. Bartholomei, M.S., Webber, A.L., Brunkow, M.E. & Tilghman, S.M. pigenetic mechanisms underlying the imprinting of the mouse H19 gene. Genes Dev. 7, 1663–1673 (1993).
    Article Google Scholar
  25. Stoger, R. et al. Maternal-specific methylation of the imprinted mouse Igf2r locus identifies the expressed locus as carrying the imprinted signal. Cell 73, 61–71 (1993).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  26. Walker, M.D., Edlund, T., Boulet, A.M. & Rutter, W.J. Cell specific expression controlled by the 5′-flanking region of insulin and chymotrypsin genes. Nature 306, 557–561 (1983).
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Download references