Imprinted X inactivation maintained by a mouse Polycomb group gene (original) (raw)

References

  1. Heard, E., Clerc, P. & Avner, P. X-chromosome inactivation in mammals. Annu. Rev. Genet. 31, 571–610 (1997).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  2. Marahrens, Y., Panning, B., Dausman, J., Strauss, W. & Jaenisch, R. Xist-deficient mice are defective in dosage compensation but not spermatogenesis. Genes Dev. 11, 156–166 (1997).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  3. Faust, C., Lawson, K.A., Schork, N.J., Thiel, B. & Magnuson, T. The Polycomb-group gene eed is required for normal morphogenetic movements during gastrulation in the mouse embryo. Development 125, 4495–4506 (1998).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  4. Schumacher, A., Faust, C. & Magnuson, T. Positional cloning of a global regulator of anterior-posterior patterning in mice. Nature 384, 648 (1996).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  5. Ng, J., Hart, C.M., Morgan, K. & Simon, J.A. A Drosophila ESC-E(Z) protein complex is distinct from other polycomb group complexes and contains covalently modified ESC. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 3069–3078 (2000).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  6. Pirrotta, V. Polycombing the genome: PcG, trxG, and chromatin silencing. Cell 93, 333–336 (1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  7. Shao, Z. et al. Stabilization of chromatin structure by PRC1, a Polycomb complex. Cell 98, 37–46 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  8. van der Vlag, J. & Otte, A.P. Transcriptional repression mediated by the human polycomb-group protein EED involves histone deacetylation. Nature Genet. 23, 474–478 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  9. Tie, F., Furuyama, T. & Harte, P.J. The Drosophila Polycomb Group proteins ESC and E(Z) bind directly to each other and co-localize at multiple chromosomal sites. Development 125, 3483–3496 (1998).
    CAS PubMed Google Scholar
  10. Scott, I.C., Anson-Cartwright, L., Riley, P., Reda, D. & Cross, J.C. The HAND1 basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor regulates trophoblast differentiation via multiple mechanisms. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 530–541 (2000).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  11. Eggan, K. et al. X-Chromosome inactivation in cloned mouse embryos. Science 290, 1578–1581 (2000).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  12. Hadjantonakis, A.K., Gertsenstein, M., Ikawa, M., Okabe, M. & Nagy, A. Non-invasive sexing of preimplantation stage mammalian embryos. Nature Genet. 19, 220–222 (1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  13. Sewalt, R.G. et al. Characterization of interactions between the mammalian polycomb-group proteins Enx1/EZH2 and EED suggests the existence of different mammalian polycomb-group protein complexes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 3586–3595 (1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  14. Struhl, G. & Akam, M. Altered distributions of Ultrabithorax transcripts in extra sex combs mutant embryos of Drosophila. EMBO J. 4, 3259–3264 (1985).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  15. Keohane, A.M., Lavender, J.S., O'Neill, L.P. & Turner, B.M. Histone acetylation and X inactivation. Dev. Genet. 22, 65–73 (1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  16. Brown, C.J. & Willard, H.F. The human X-inactivation centre is not required for maintenance of X-chromosome inactivation. Nature 368, 154–156 (1994).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  17. Csankovszki, G., Panning, B., Bates, B., Pehrson, J.R. & Jaenisch, R. Conditional deletion of Xist disrupts histone macroH2A localization but not maintenance of X inactivation. Nature Genet. 22, 323–324 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  18. Gilbert, S.L. & Sharp, P.A. Promoter-specific hypoacetylation of X-inactivated genes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 13825–13830 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  19. Hansen, R.S., Canfield, T.K., Fjeld, A.D. & Gartler, S.M. Role of late replication timing in the silencing of X-linked genes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 5, 1345–1353 (1996).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  20. O'Neill, L.P. et al. A developmental switch in H4 acetylation upstream of Xist plays a role in X chromosome inactivation. EMBO J. 18, 2897–2907 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  21. Wutz, A. & Jaenisch, R. A shift from reversible to irreversible X inactivation is triggered during ES cell differentiation. Mol. Cell 5, 695–705 (2000).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  22. Migeon, B.R., Axelman, J. & Beggs, A.H. Effect of ageing on reactivation of the human X-linked HPRT locus. Nature 335, 93–96 (1988).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  23. Sado, T. et al. X inactivation in the mouse embryo deficient for Dnmt1: distinct effect of hypomethylation on imprinted and random X inactivation. Dev. Biol. 225, 294–303 (2000).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  24. Fuks, F., Burgers, W.A., Brehm, A., Hughes-Davies, L. & Kouzarides, T. DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1 associates with histone deacetylase activity. Nature Genet. 24, 88–91 (2000).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  25. Jones, P.L. et al. Methylated DNA and MeCP2 recruit histone deacetylase to repress transcription. Nature Genet. 19, 187–191 (1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  26. Nan, X. et al. Transcriptional repression by the methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 involves a histone deacetylase complex. Nature 393, 386–389 (1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  27. Tanaka, M. et al. Parental origin-specific expression of Mash2 is established at the time of implantation with its imprinting mechanism highly resistant to genome-wide demethylation. Mech. Dev. 87, 129–142 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  28. Rinchik, E.M. & Carpenter, D.A. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced prenatally lethal mutations define at least two complementation groups within the embryonic ectoderm development (eed) locus in mouse chromosome 7. Mamm. Genome 4, 349–353 (1993).
    Article CAS Google Scholar

Download references