Mutant protein in Huntington disease is resistant to proteolysis in affected brain (original) (raw)
Goldberg, Y.P. et al. Cleavage of huntingtin by apopain, a proapoptotic cysteine protease, is modulated by the polyglutamine tract. Nature Genet.13, 442–449 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wellington, C.L. et al. Caspase cleavage of gene products associated with triplet expansion disorders generates truncated fragments containing the polyglutamine tract. J. Biol. Chem.273, 9158–9167 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Gutekunst, C.-A. et al. Nuclear and neuropil aggregates in Huntington's disease: relationship to neuropathology. J. Neurosci.19, 2522–2534 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Li, H., Li, S.H., Johnston, H., Shelbourne, P.F. & Li, X.J. Amino-terminal fragments of mutant huntingtin show selective accumulation in striatal neurons and synaptic toxicity. Nature Genet.25, 385–389 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Ross, C.A. Intranuclear neuronal inclusions: a common pathogenic mechanism for glutamine-repeat neurodegeneration disease? Neuron19, 1147–1150 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sisodia, S.S. Nuclear inclusions in glutamine repeat disorders: are they pernicious, coincidental, or beneficial? Cell95, 1–4 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
DiFiglia, M. et al. Aggregation of huntingtin in neuronal intranuclear inclusions and dystrophic neurites in brain. Science277, 1990–1993 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Mende-Mueller, L.M., Toneff, T., Hwang, S.R., Chesselet, M.F. & Hook, V.Y.H. Tissue-specific proteolysis of huntingtin (htt) in human brain: evidence of enhanced levels of N- and C-terminal htt fragments in Huntington's disease striatum. J. Neurosci.21, 1830–1837 (2001). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Cooper, J.K. et al. Truncated N-terminal fragments of huntingtin with expanded glutamine repeats form nuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates in cell culture. Hum. Mol. Genet.7, 783–790 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Hackam, A.S. et al. The influence of huntingtin protein size on nuclear localization and toxicity. J. Cell Biol.141, 1097–1105 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Li, S.-H. & Li, X.-J. Aggregation of N-terminal huntingtin is dependent on the length of its glutamine repeats. Hum. Mol. Genet.7, 777–782 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Lunkes, A. & Mandel, J.L. A cellular model that recapitulates major pathogenic steps of Huntington's disease. Hum. Mol. Genet.7, 1355–1361 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Martindale, D. et al. Length of huntingtin and its polyglutamine tract influences localization and frequency of intracellular aggregates. Nature Genet.18, 150–154 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Saudou, F., Finkbeiner, S., Devys, D. & Greenberg, M.E. Huntingtin acts in the nucleus to induce apoptosis but death does not correlate with the formation of intranuclear inclusions. Cell95, 55–66 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Hackam, A.S., Singaraja, R., Zhang, T., Gan, L. & Hayden, M.R. In vitro evidence for both the nucleus and cytoplasm as subcellular sites of pathogenesis in Huntington's disease. Hum. Mol. Gen.8, 25–33 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kim, M. et al. Mutant huntingtin expression in clonal striatal cells: dissociation of inclusion formation and neuronal survival by caspase inhibition. J. Neurosci.19, 964–973 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sánchez, I. et al. Caspase-8 is required for cell death induced by expanded polyglutamine repeats. Neuron22, 623–633 (1999). Article Google Scholar
Davies, S.W. et al. Formation of neuronal intranuclear inclusions underlies the neurological dysfunction in mice transgenic for the HD mutation. Cell90, 537–548 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Schilling, G. et al. Intranuclear inclusions and neuritic aggregates in transgenic mice expressing a mutant N-terminal fragment of huntingtin. Hum. Mol. Genet.8, 943–950 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Yamamoto, A., Lucas, J.J. & Hen, R. Reversal of neuropathology and motor dysfunction in a conditional model of Huntington's disease. Cell101, 57–66 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Klement, I.A. et al. Ataxin-1 nuclear localization and aggregation: role in polyglutamine-induced disease in SCA1 transgenic mice. Cell95, 41–53 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kuemmerle, S. et al. Huntingtin aggregates may not predict neuronal death in Huntington's disease. Ann. Neurol.46, 842–849 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wellington, C.L. et al. Inhibiting caspase cleavage of huntingtin reduces toxicity and aggregate formation in neuronal and nonneuronal cells. J. Biol. Chem.275, 19831–19838 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Ona, V.O. et al. Inhibition of caspase-1 slows disease progression in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Nature399, 264–267 (1999). Article Google Scholar
Mangiarini, L. et al. Exon 1 of the HD gene with an expanded CAG repeat is sufficient to cause a progressive neurological phenotype in transgenic mice. Cell87, 493–506 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Scherzinger, E. et al. Huntingtin-encoded polyglutamine expansions form amyloid-like aggregates in vitro and in vivo. Cell90, 549–558 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Scherzinger, E. et al. Self-assembly of polyglutamine-containing huntingtin fragments into amyloid-like fibrils: implications for Huntington's disease pathology. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA96, 4604–4609 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Hazeki, N., Tukamoto, T., Goto, J. & Kanazawa, I. Formic acid dissolves aggregates of an N-terminal huntingtin fragment containing an expanded polyglutamine tract: applying to quantification of protein components of the aggregates. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.277, 386–393 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Reiner, A. et al. Differential loss of striatal projection neurons in Huntington's disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA85, 5733–5737 (1988). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Hedreen, J.C., Peyser, C.E., Folstein, S.E. & Ross, C.A. Neuronal loss in layers V and VI of cerebral cortex in Huntington's disease. Neurosci. Lett.133, 257–261 (1991). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Vonsattel, J.P.G. & DiFiglia, M. Huntington disease. J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol.57, 369–384 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Aronin, N. et al. CAG expansion affects the expression of mutant huntingtin in the Huntington's disease brain. Neuron15, 1193–1201 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Trottier, Y. et al. Cellular localization of the Huntington's disease protein and discrimination of the normal and mutated form. Nature Genet.10, 104–110 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Trottier, Y. et al. Polyglutamine expansion as a pathological epitope in Huntington's disease and four dominant cerebellar ataxias. Nature378, 403–406 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sieradzan, K.A. et al. Huntington's disease intranuclear inclusions contain truncated, ubiquitinated huntingtin protein. Exp. Neurol.156, 92–99 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Becher, M.W. et al. Intranuclear neuronal inclusions in Huntington's disease and dentatorubral and pallidoluysian atrophy: correlation between the density of inclusions and IT15 CAG triplet repeat length. Neurobiol. Dis.4, 387–397 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wheeler, V.C. et al. Long glutamine tracts cause nuclear localization of a novel form of huntingtin in medium spiny striatal neurons in _Hdh_Q92 and _Hdh_Q111 knock-in mice. Hum. Mol. Genet.9, 503–513 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sharp, A.H. et al. Widespread expression of Huntington's disease gene (IT15) protein product. Neuron14, 1065–1074 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Steffan, J.S. et al. The Huntington's disease protein interacts with p53 and CREB-binding protein and represses transcription. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA97, 6763–6768 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Nucifora Jr, F.C. et al. Interference by huntingtin and atrophin-1 with CBP-mediated transcription leading to cellular toxicity. Science291, 2423–2428 (2001). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Narain, Y., Wyttenbach, A., Rankin, J., Furlong, R.A. & Rubinsztein, D.C. A molecular investigation of true dominance in Huntington's disease. J. Med. Genet.36, 739–746 (1999). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
de Cristofaro, T., Affaitati, A., Feliciello, A., Avvedimento, E.V. & Varrone, S. Polyglutamine-mediated aggregation and cell death. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.272, 818–821 (2000). Article Google Scholar
Huang, C.C. et al. Amyloid formation by mutant huntingtin: threshold, progressivity, and recruitment of normal polyglutamine proteins. Somatic Cell Mol. Genet.24, 217–233 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Dragatsis, I., Levine, M.S. & Zeitlin, S. Inactivation of Hdh in the brain and testis result in progressive neurodegeneration and sterility in mice. Nature Genet.26, 300–306 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Goellner, G. et al. Different mechanisms underlie DNA instability in Huntington disease and colorectal cancer. Am. J. Hum. Genet.60, 879–890 (1997). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Kovtun, I.V. & McMurray, C.T. Trinucleotide expansion in haploid germ cells by gap repair. Nature Genet.27, 407–411 (2001). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
McMurray, C.T., Devi, L., Calavetta, L. & Douglass, J.O. Regulated expression of the prodynorphin gene in the R2C Leydig tumor cell line. Endocrinology124, 49–59 (1989). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Vonsattel, J.P. et al. Neuropathological classification of Huntington's disease. J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol.44, 559–577 (1985). ArticleCAS Google Scholar