Generation of a complete thymic microenvironment by MTS24+ thymic epithelial cells (original) (raw)

• Anderson, G. & Jenkinson, E.J. Lymphostromal interactions in thymic development and function. Nature Rev. Immunol. 1, 31–40 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Marrack, P. et al. The effect of thymus environment on T cell development and tolerance. Cell 53, 627–634 (1988).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Cordier, A.C. & Haumond, S.M. Development of thymus, parathyroids, and ultimobranchial bodies in NMRI and nude mice. Am. J. Anat. 157, 227–254 (1980).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kirby, M.L. & Waldo, K.L. Role of neural crest in congenital heart disease. Circulation 82, 332–340 (1990).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Le Douarin, N.M. & Jotereau, F.V. Tracing of cells of the avian thymus through embryonic life in interspecific chimeras. J. Exp. Med. 142, 17–40 (1975).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Auerbach, R. Morphogenetic interactions in the development of the mouse thymus. Dev. Biol. 2, 271 (1960).
• Bockman, D.E. & Kirby, M.L. Dependence of thymus development on derivatives of the neural crest. Science 223, 498–500 (1984).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Manley, N.R. Thymus organogenesis and molecular mechanisms of thymic epithelial cell differentiation. Semin. Immunol. 12, 421–428 (2000).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Manley, N.R. & Capecchi, M.R. The role of Hoxa-3 in mouse thymus and thyroid development. Development 121, 1989–2003 (1995).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Su, D.M. & Manley, N.R. Hoxa3 and pax1 transcription factors regulate the ability of fetal thymic epithelial cells to promote thymocyte development. J. Immunol. 164, 5753–5760 (2000).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Peters, H., Neubüser, A., Kratochwil, K. & Balling, R. Pax9-deficient mice lack pharyngeal pouch derivatives and teeth and exhibit craniofacial and limb abnormalities. Genes. Dev. 12, 2735–2747 (1998).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Neubuser, A., Koseki, H. & Balling, R. Characterization and developmental expression of Pax9, a paired-box- containing gene related to Pax1. Dev. Biol. 170, 701–716 (1995).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Conway, S.J., Henderson, D.J. & Copp, A.J. Pax3 is required for cardiac neural crest migration in the mouse: evidence from the splotch (Sp2H) mutant. Development 124, 505–514 (1997).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Itoi, M., Kawamoto, H., Katsura, Y. & Amagai, T. Two distinct steps of immigration of hematopoietic progenitors into the early thymus anlage. Int. Immunol. 13, 1203–1211 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Blackburn, C.C. et al. The nu gene acts cell-autonomously and is required for differentiation of thymic epithelial progenitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 5742–5746 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ohuchi, H. et al. FGF10 acts as a major ligand for FGF receptor 2 IIIb in mouse multi- organ development. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 277, 643–649 (2000).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Revest, J.M. et al. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2-IIIb acts upstream of Shh and Fgf4 and is required for limb bud maintenance but not for the induction of Fgf8, Fgf10, Msx1, or Bmp4. Dev. Biol. 231, 47–62 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Revest, J.M., Suniara, R.K., Kerr, K., Owen, J.J. & Dickson, C. Development of the thymus requires signaling through the fibroblast growth factor receptor r2-iiib. J. Immunol. 167, 1954–1961 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Gray, D.H., Chidgey, A.P. & Boyd, R.L. Analysis of thymic stromal cell populations using flow cytometry. J. Immunol. Meth. 260, 15–28 (2002).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kasai, M. et al. Difference in antigen presentation pathways between cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 26, 2101–2107 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kasai, M., Kominami, E. & Mizuochi, T. The antigen presentation pathway in medullary thymic epithelial cells, but not that in cortical thymic epithelial cells, conforms to the endocytic pathway. Eur. J. Immunol. 28, 1867–1876 (1998).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Derbinski, J., Schulte, A., Kyewski, B. & Klein, L. Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self. Nature Immunol. 2, 1032–1039 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Farr, A., Nelson, A., Truex, J. & Hosier, S. Epithelial heterogeneity in the murine thymus: a cell surface glycoprotein expressed by subcapsular and medullary epithelium. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 39, 645–653 (1991).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ropke, C., Van Soest, P., Platenburg, P.P. & Van Ewijk, W. A common stem cell for murine cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells? Dev. Immunol. 4, 149–156 (1995).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Klug, D.B. et al. Interdependence of cortical thymic epithelial cell differentiation and T-lineage commitment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 11822–11827 (1998).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Klug, D.B. et al. Transgenic expression of cyclin D1 in thymic epithelial precursors promotes epithelial and T cell development. J. Immunol. 164, 1881–1888 (2000).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Rodewald, H.R., Paul, S., Haller, C., Bluethmann, H. & Blum, C. Thymus medulla consisting of epithelial islets each derived from a single progenitor. Nature 414, 763–768 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Godfrey, D.I., Izon, D.J., Tucek, C.L., Wilson, T.J. & Boyd, R.L. The phenotypic heterogeneity of mouse thymic stromal cells. Immunology 70, 66–74 (1990).
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Loeffler, M., Bratke, T., Paulus, U., Li, Y.Q. & Potten, C.S. Clonality and life cycles of intestinal crypts explained by a state dependent stochastic model of epithelial stem cell organization. J. Theor. Biol. 186, 41–54 (1997).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Jones, P.H., Harper, S. & Watt, F.M. Stem cell patterning and fate in human epidermis. Cell 80, 83–93 (1995).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Watt, A.J. et al. A gene trap integration provides an early in situ marker for hepatic specification of the foregut endoderm. Mech. Dev. 100, 205–215 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Fuchs, E. & Segre, J.A. Stem cells: a new lease on life. Cell 100, 143–155 (2000).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Zuklys, S. et al. Normal thymic architecture and negative selection are associated with Aire expression, the gene defective in the autoimmune– polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). J. Immunol. 165, 1976–1983 (2000).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Hollander, G.A. et al. Developmental control point in induction of thymic cortex regulated by a subpopulation of prothymocytes. Nature 373, 350–353 (1995).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Anderson, G., Anderson, K.L., Tchilian, E.Z., Owen, J.J. & Jenkinson, E.J. Fibroblast dependency during early thymocyte development maps to the CD25+ CD44+ stage and involves interactions with fibroblast matrix molecules. Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 1200–1206 (1997).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Suniara, R.K., Jenkinson, E.J. & Owen, J.J. An essential role for thymic mesenchyme in early T cell development. J. Exp. Med. 191, 1051–1056 (2000).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Anderson, G., Jenkinson, E.J., Moore, N.C. & Owen, J.J. MHC class II-positive epithelium and mesenchyme cells are both required for T-cell development in the thymus. Nature 362, 70–73 (1993).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Oukka, M. et al. Selectivity of the major histocompatibility complex class II presentation pathway of cortical thymic epithelial cell lines. Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 855–859 (1997).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Anderson, G., Hare, K.J., Platt, N. & Jenkinson, E.J. Discrimination between maintenance- and differentiation-inducing signals during initial and intermediate stages of positive selection. Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 1838–1842 (1997).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Hare, K.J., Jenkinson, E.J. & Anderson, G. CD69 expression discriminates MHC-dependent and -independent stages of thymocyte positive selection. J. Immunol. 162, 3978–3983 (1999).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, M.W., Allison, J. & Miller, J.F. Tolerance induction by thymic medullary epithelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 2526–2530 (1992).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Oukka, M. et al. CD4 T cell tolerance to nuclear proteins induced by medullary thymic epithelium. Immunity 4, 545–553 (1996).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Simmons, P.J., Levesque, J.P. & Haylock, D.N. Mucin-like molecules as modulators of the survival and proliferation of primitive hematopoietic cells. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 938, 196–206; discussion 206–207 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Lee, Y.N., Kang, J.S. & Krauss, R.S. Identification of a role for the sialomucin CD164 in myogenic differentiation by signal sequence trapping in yeast. Mol. Cell Biol. 21, 7696–7706 (2001).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Zannettino, A.C. et al. The sialomucin CD164 (MGC-24v) is an adhesive glycoprotein expressed by human hematopoietic progenitors and bone marrow stromal cells that serves as a potent negative regulator of hematopoiesis. Blood 92, 2613–2628 (1998).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Rodewald, H.R. & Fehling, H.J. Molecular and cellular events in early thymocyte development. Adv. Immunol. 69, 1–112 (1998).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Godfrey, D.I., Izon, D.J., Wilson, T.J., Tucek, C.L. & Boyd, R.L. Thymic stromal elements defined by M. Abs: ontogeny, and modulation in vivo by immunosuppression. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 237, 269–275 (1988).
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Berzins, S.P. et al. Thymic shared antigen-2: a novel cell surface marker associated with T cell differentiation and activation. J. Immunol. 162, 5119–5126 (1999).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Bennett, A.R. et al. Identification and characterization of thymic epithelial progenitor cells. Immunity (in press, 2002).