- Carmeliet, P. & Jain, R.K. Angiogenesis in cancer and disease. Nature 407, 249–257 (2000).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Varner, J.A. The role of vascular cell integrin αvβ3 and αvβ5 in angiogenesis. Exs. 79, 361–390 (1997).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Folkman, J. Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nature Med. 1, 27–31 (1995).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- O'Reilly, M.S. et al. Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cell 88, 277–85 (1997).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- O'Reilly, M.S., Holmgren, L., Chen, C. & Folkman, J. Angiostatin induces and sustains dormancy of human primary tumors in mice. Nature Med. 2, 689–92 (1996).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Maeshima, Y. et al. Identification of the anti-angiogenic site within vascular basement membrane-derived tumstatin. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 15240–15248 (2001).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Nickols, G.A., Nana, A.D., Nickols, M.A., DiPette, D.J. & Asimakis, G.K. Hypotension and cardiac stimulation due to the parathyroid hormone–related protein, humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy factor. Endocrinology 125, 834–841 (1989).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Moseley, J.M. & Martin, T.J. in Principles of Bone Biology (Bilezikian, J.P., Raisz, L.G. and Rodan, G.A.) 363–376 (Academic Press, New York, 1996).
Google Scholar
- Bringhurst, F.R., Demay, M.B. & Kronenberg, H.M. in Williams Textbook of Endocrinology edn. 9 (eds. Wilson, J.D., Foster, D.W., Kronenberg, H.M. & Larsen, P.R.) 1155–1210 (W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1998).
Google Scholar
- Karaplis, A.C. et al. Lethal skeletal dysplasia from targeted deletion of the parathyroid hormone–related peptide gene. Genes. Dev. 8, 277–289 (1994).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Amizuka, N., Warshawsky, H., Henderson, J.E., Glotzman, D. & Karaplis, A.C. Parathyroid hormone–related peptide depleted mice show abnormal epiphyseal cartilage development and altered endochondral bone formation. J. Cell Biol. 126, 1611–1623 (1994).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Lanske, B. et al. Ablation of the PTHrP gene or the PTH/PTHrP receptor gene leads to distinct abnormalities in bone development. J. Clin. Invest. 104, 399–407 (1999).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Abou-Samra, A.B. et al. Expression cloning of a common receptor for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone related peptide from rat osteoblasts-like cells: a single receptor stimulates intracellular accumulation of both cAMP and inositol triphosphates and increases intracellular free calcium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 2732–2736 (1992).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Hoare, S., Gardella, T. & Usdin, T.B. Evaluating the signal transduction mechanism of the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor: effect of receptor-G-protein interaction on the ligand binding mechanism and receptor conformation. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 7741–7753 (2001).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Iwamoto, M. et al. Changes in parathyroid hormone receptors during chondrocyte cytodifferentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17245–17251 (1994).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Maeda, S. et al. Targeted overexpression of parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) to vascular smooth muscle in transgenic mice lowers blood pressure and alters vascular contractility. Endocrinology 140, 1815–1825 (1999).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Jiang, B., Morimoto, S., Yang, J., Fukuo, K. & Ogihara, T. Expression of parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone related protein receptor in vascular endothelial cells. J. Cardiovascular Pharmacol. 1998, 31, S142–S144 (1998).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Hanson. A.S. & Linas, S.L. Parathyroid hormone/adenylate cyclase coupling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 23, 468–475 (1994).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Ishikawa, M. et al. Amino-terminal fragment (1–34) of parathyroid hormone–related protein inhibits migration and proliferation of cultures vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 136, 59–66 (1998).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Bringhurst, F.R. et al. Cloned, stably expressed parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH–related peptide receptors activate multiple messenger signals and biological responses in LLC-PK1 kidney cells. Endocrinology 132, 2090–2098 (1993).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Guise, T.A. et al. Evidence for a causal role of parathyroid hormone–related protein in the pathogenesis of human breast cancer–mediated osteolysis. J. Clin. Invest. 98, 1544–1549 (1996).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Yoneda, T. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of breast and prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Eur. J. Cancer 34, 240–245 (1998).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Thomas, R.J. et al. Breast cancer cells interact with osteoblasts to support osteoclast formation. Endocrinology 140, 4451–4458 (1990).
Article Google Scholar
- Guijal, A., Burton, D.W., Terkeltaub, R. & Deftos, L.J. Parathyroid hormone–related protein induced interleukin 8 production by prostatic cells via a novel intracrine mechanism not mediated by its classical nuclear localization sequence. Cancer Res. 61, 2282–8888 (2001).
Google Scholar
- Bukoski, R.D., Ishibashi, K. & Bian, K. Vascular actions of the calcium-regulating hormones. Semin. Nephrol. 15, 536–549 (1995).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Gasparini, G. et al. Vascular integrin αvβ3: a new prognostic indicator in breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 4, 2625–34 (1998).
CAS Google Scholar
- Terkeltaub, R. et al. Parathyroid hormone–related proteins is abundant in osteoarthritic cartilage, and the parathyroid hormone–related protein 1–173 isoform is selectively induced by transforming growth factor-β in articular chondrocytes and suppresses generation of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate. Arthritis Rheum. 41, 2152–2164 (1998).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Abdeen, O., Pandol, S.J., Burton, D.W. & Deftos, L.J. Parathyroid hormone–related protein expression in human gastric adenocarcinomas not associated with hypercalcemia. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 90, 1864–1867 (1995).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Jin, L. et al. Crystal structure of human parathyroid hormone 1–34 at 0.9 A resolution. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 27238–27244 (2000).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Shimizu, M., Potts, J.T., Jr. & Gardella, T.J. Minimization of parathyroid hormone. Novel amino-terminal parathyroid hormone fragments with enhanced potency in activating the type-1 parathyroid hormone receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 21836–218343 (2000).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Howe, A. & Juliano, R.J. Regulation of anchorage-dependent signal transduction by protein kinase A and p21-activated kinase. Nature Cell Biol. 2, 593–600 (2000).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Ridley, A.J., Paterson, H.F., Johnston, C.L., Diekmann, D. & Hall, A. The small GTP-binding protein rac regulates growth factor–induced membrane ruffling. Cell 70, 401–410 (1992).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Price, L.S., Leng, J. Schwartz, M.A. & Bokoch, G.M. Activation of Rac and Cdc42 by integrins mediates cell spreading. Mol. Biol. Cell 9, 1863–1871 (1998).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Cho, S.Y. & Klemke, R.L. Extracellular-regulated kinase activation and CAS/Crk coupling regulate cell migration and suppress apoptosis during invasion of the extracellular matrix. J Cell Biol. 149, 223–236 (2000).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Dormond, O., Foletti, A., Paroz, C. & Rüegg, C. NSAIDs inhibit αvβ3 integrin–mediated and Cdc42/Rac-dependent endothelial-cell spreading, migration and angiogenesis. Nature Med. 7, 1041–1047 (2001).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Morikawa, S. et al. Abnormalities in pericytes on blood vessel and endothelial sprouts in tumors. Am. J. Pathol. 160, 985–1000 (2002).
Article Google Scholar
- Gerber, H.P. et al. VEGF couples hypertrophic cartilage remodeling, ossification and angiogenesis during endochondral bone formation. Nature Med. 5, 623–628 (1999).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Vu, T.H. et al. MMP-9/Gelatinase B is a key regulator of growth plate angiogenesis and apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Cell 93, 411–422 (1998).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Holmgren, L., O'Reilly, M.S. & Folkman, J. Dormancy of micrometastases: balanced proliferation and apoptosis in the presence of angiogenesis suppression. Nature Med. 1, 149–153 (1995).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Akino, K. et al. Parathyroid hormone–related peptide is a potent tumor angiogenic factor. Endocrinology 141, 4313–4316 (2000).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Padmanabhan, J., Clayton, D. & Shelanski, M.L. Dibutyryl cAMP–induced process formation in astrocytes is associated with a decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin. J. Neurobiol. 39, 407–422 (1999).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Dong, J.-M., Leung, T., Manser, E. & Lim, L. cAMP-induced morphological changes are counteracted by the activated RhoA small GTPase and the Rho kinase ROKα. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 22554–22562 (1998).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Kim, S., Harris, M. & Varner, J.A. Regulation of integrin αvβ3-mediated endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis by integrin α5β1and protein kinase A. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 33920–33928 (2000).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Kim, S., Bell, K., Mousa, S.A. & Varner, J. Regulation of angiogenesis in vivo by ligation of integrin α5β1 with the central cell binding domain of fibronectin. Am. J. Path. 156, 1345–1362 (2000).
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Eliceiri, B.P. et al. Selective requirement for Src kinases during VEGF-induced angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Mol. Cell 4, 915–924 (1999).
Article CAS Google Scholar