Explaining microbial genomic diversity in light of evolutionary ecology (original) (raw)
Gevers, D. et al. Opinion: re-evaluating prokaryotic species. Nature Rev. Microbiol.3, 733–739 (2005). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Koeppel, A. et al. Identifying the fundamental units of bacterial diversity: a paradigm shift to incorporate ecology into bacterial systematics. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA105, 2504–2509 (2008). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Achtman, M. & Wagner, M. Microbial diversity and the genetic nature of microbial species. Nature Rev. Microbiol.6, 431–440 (2008). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Fraser, C., Alm, E. J., Polz, M. F., Spratt, B. G. & Hanage, W. P. The bacterial species challenge: making sense of genetic and ecological diversity. Science323, 741–746 (2009). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Polz, M. F., Alm, E. J. & Hanage, W. P. Horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of bacterial and archaeal population structure. Trends Genet.29, 170–175 (2013). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Polz, M. F., Hunt, D. E., Preheim, S. P. & Weinreich, D. M. Patterns and mechanisms of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in marine microbes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc.361, 2009–2021 (2006). Article Google Scholar
Johnson, Z. I. et al. Niche partitioning among Prochlorococcus ecotypes along ocean-scale environmental gradients. Science311, 1737–1740 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hunt, D. E. et al. Resource partitioning and sympatric differentiation among closely related bacterioplankton. Science320, 1081–1085 (2008). This study shows that the population structure of co-existingVibrionaceaecan be identified using co-clustering of phylogenetic and ecological signals. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Whitaker, R. J., Grogan, D. W. & Taylor, J. W. Recombination shapes the natural population structure of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus. Mol. Biol. Evol.22, 2354–2361 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Denef, V. J., Mueller, R. S. & Banfield, J. F. AMD biofilms: using model communities to study microbial evolution and ecological complexity in nature. ISME J.4, 599–610 (2010). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Oakley, B. B., Carbonero, F., van der Gast, C. J., Hawkins, R. J. & Purdy, K. J. Evolutionary divergence and biogeography of sympatric niche-differentiated bacterial populations. ISME J.4, 488–497 (2010). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Hahn, M. W. et al. The passive yet successful way of planktonic life: genomic and experimental analysis of the ecology of a free-living polynucleobacter population. PLoS ONE7, e32772 (2012). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Shapiro, B. J. et al. Population genomics of early events in the ecological differentiation of bacteria. Science336, 48–51 (2012). This study shows that natural populations ofVibrio cyclitrophicusare highly recombinant and that ecological differentiation between nascent populations is accompanied not by clonal expansions but by the emergence of recombination boundaries owing to microgeographic separation. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Simmons, S. L. et al. Population genomic analysis of strain variation in Leptospirillum group II bacteria involved in acid mine drainage formation. PLoS Biol.6, e177 (2008). ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralCAS Google Scholar
Cadillo-Quiroz, H. et al. Patterns of gene flow define species of thermophilic archaea. PLoS Biol.10, e1001265 (2012). This study documents ongoing speciation in two populations of the archaeonSulpholobus islandicusand suggests that recombination between populations has been gradually decreasing over time with no detectable evidence of loss of diversity owing to genome-wide sweeps. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Whitaker, R. J. Allopatric origins of microbial species. Phil. Trans. R. Soc.361, 1975–1984 (2006). Article Google Scholar
Cohan, F. M. Towards a conceptual and operational union of bacterial systematics, ecology, and evolution. Phil. Trans. R. Soc.361, 1985–1996 (2006). Article Google Scholar
Gudelj, I. et al. An integrative approach to understanding microbial diversity: from intracellular mechanisms to community structure. Ecol. Lett.13, 1073–1084 (2010). ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Thompson, J. R. et al. Genotypic diversity within a natural coastal bacterioplankton population. Science307, 1311–1313 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Tettelin, H., Riley, D., Cattuto, C. & Medini, D. Comparative genomics: the bacterial pan-genome. Curr. Opin. Microbiol.11, 472–477 (2008). This comparative study provides flexible genome statistics from across different taxonomic groups. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hejnova, J. et al. Characterization of the flexible genome complement of the commensal Escherichia coli strain A0 34/86 (O83: K24: H31). Microbiology151, 385–398 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Genung, M. A. et al. Non-additive effects of genotypic diversity increase floral abundance and abundance of floral visitors. PLoS ONE5, e8711 (2010). ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralCAS Google Scholar
Cook-Patton, S. C., McArt, S. H., Parachnowitsch, A. L., Thaler, J. S. & Agrawal, A. A. A direct comparison of the consequences of plant genotypic and species diversity on communities and ecosystem function. Ecology92, 915–923 (2011). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Drummond, E. B. M. & Vellend, M. Genotypic diversity effects on the performance of Taraxacum officinale populations increase with time and environmental favorability. PLoS ONE7, e30314 (2012). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Crutsinger, G. M. et al. Plant genotypic diversity predicts community structure and governs an ecosystem process. Science313, 966–968 (2006). This study shows the impact of plant genotypic diversity on net primary productivity above ground as well as on the diversity of associated arthropod communities. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Reusch, T. B. H., Ehlers, A., Hämmerli, A. & Worm, B. Ecosystem recovery after climatic extremes enhanced by genotypic diversity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA102, 2826–2831 (2005). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Roger, F., Godhe, A. & Gamfeldt, L. Genetic diversity and ecosystem functioning in the face of multiple stressors. PLoS ONE7, e45007 (2012). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Loreau, M. & Hector, A. Partitioning selection and complementarity in biodiversity experiments. Nature412, 72–76 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hughes, A. R. & Stachowicz, J. J. Ecological impacts of genotypic diversity in the clonal seagrass Zostera marina. Ecology90, 1412–1419 (2009). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Bolnick, D. I. et al. Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol.26, 183–192 (2011). This theoretical study discusses the fundamental forms by which genotypic diversity within a species can influence ecological function. ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Hughes, A. R., Inouye, B. D., Johnson, M. T. J., Underwood, N. & Vellend, M. Ecological consequences of genetic diversity. Ecol. Lett.11, 609–623 (2008). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Cordero, O. X. & Hogeweg, P. The impact of long-distance horizontal gene transfer on prokaryotic genome size. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA106, 21748–21753 (2009). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Cordero, O. X. et al. Ecological populations of bacteria act as socially cohesive units of antibiotic production and resistance. Science337, 1228–1231 (2012). This study shows asymmetry in the intensity of interference competition between and within bacterioplankton populations. The findings reveal that antagonism occurs more often between, rather than within, populations. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cordero, O. X., Ventouras, L.-A., DeLong, E. F. & Polz, M. F. Public good games drive the evolution of iron-aquisition strategies in natural bacterioplankton populations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA109, 20059–20064 (2012). This study shows that the evolution of cheaters explains the intermediate frequency of siderophore-biosynthesis genes inVibriospp. populations. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Figge, F. Bio-folio: applying portfolio theory to biodiversity. Biodivers. Conserv.13, 827–849 (2004). Article Google Scholar
Schindler, D. E. et al. Population diversity and the portfolio effect in an exploited species. Nature465, 609–612 (2010). This study shows that the portfolio effect stabilizes salmon populations, despite exploitation by fishing. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Galhardo, R. S., Hastings, P. J. & Rosenberg, S. M. Mutation as a stress response and the regulation of evolvability. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol.42, 399–435 (2007). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Loh, E., Salk, J. J. & Loeb, L. A. Optimization of DNA polymerase mutation rates during bacterial evolution. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA107, 1154–1159 (2010). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Palmer, K. L. & Gilmore, M. S. Multidrug-resistant enterococci lack CRISPR–Cas. mBio1, e00227–00210 (2010). This study shows that some enteroccoci have lost CRISPR–Cas-mediated resistance to foreign DNA, which increases evolvability. ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralCAS Google Scholar
Jousset, A., Schulz, W., Scheu, S. & Eisenhauer, N. Intraspecific genotypic richness and relatedness predict the invasibility of microbial communities. ISME J.5, 1108–1114 (2011). ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Coleman, M. L. & Chisholm, S. W. Ecosystem-specific selection pressures revealed through comparative population genomics. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA107, 18634–18639 (2010). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Smillie, C. S. et al. Ecology drives a global network of gene exchange connecting the human microbiome. Nature480, 241–244 (2011). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Boucher, Y. et al. Local mobile gene pools rapidly cross species boundaries to create endemicity within global Vibrio cholerae populations. mBio2, e00335–00310 (2011). ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralCAS Google Scholar
Berg, O. G. & Kurland, C. G. Evolution of microbial genomes: sequence acquisition and loss. Mol. Biol. Evol.19, 2265–2276 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Rodriguez-Valera, F. et al. Explaining microbial population genomics through phage predation. Nature Rev. Microbiol.7, 828–836 (2009). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sinervo, B. & Lively, C. M. The rock–paper–scissors game and the evolution of alternative male strategies. Nature380, 240–243 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Borghans, J. A. M., Beltman, J. B. & De Boer, R. J. MHC polymorphism under host–pathogen coevolution. Immunogenetics55, 732–739 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Gigord, L. D., Macnair, M. R. & Smithson, A. Negative frequency-dependent selection maintains a dramatic flower color polymorphism in the rewardless orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA98, 6253–6255 (2001). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, B. M., Shook, K. & Izally, R. Frequency-dependent selection by wild birds promotes polymorphism in model salamanders. BMC Ecol.9, 12 (2009). ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Coleman, M. L. et al. Genomic islands and the ecology and evolution of Prochlorococcus. Science311, 1768–1770 (2006). This study shows that hypervariable regions in the genome (known as genomic islands) are characteristic of an abundant marine cyanobacterial clade. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Wildschutte, H., Preheim, S. P., Hernandez, Y. & Polz, M. F. O-antigen diversity and lateral transfer of the wbe region among Vibrio splendidus isolates. Env. Microbiol.12, 2977–2987 (2010). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wildschutte, H., Wolfe, D. M., Tamewitz, A. & Lawrence, J. G. Protozoan predation, diversifying selection, and the evolution of antigenic diversity in Salmonella. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA101, 10644–10649 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Needham, B. D. & Trent, M. S. Fortifying the barrier: the impact of lipid A remodelling on bacterial pathogenesis. Nature Rev. Microbiol.11, 467–481 (2013). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Van Elsas, J. D. & Bailey, M. J. The ecology of transfer of mobile genetic elements. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.42, 187–197 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Nakamura, Y., Itoh, T., Matsuda, H. & Gojobori, T. Biased biological functions of horizontally transferred genes in prokaryotic genomes. Nature Genet.36, 760–766 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ulrich, L. E., Koonin, E. V. & Zhulin, I. B. One-component systems dominate signal transduction in prokaryotes. Trends Microbiol.13, 52–56 (2005). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Lang, G. I. et al. Pervasive genetic hitchhiking and clonal interference in forty evolving yeast populations. Nature500, 571–574 (2013). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Lee, M.-C. & Marx, C. J. Synchronous waves of failed soft sweeps in the laboratory: remarkably rampant clonal interference of alleles at a single locus. Genetics193, 943–952 (2013). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Winter, C., Bouvier, T., Weinbauer, M. G. & Thingstad, T. F. Trade-offs between competition and defense specialists among unicellular planktonic organisms: the “killing the winner” hypothesis revisited. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.74, 42–57 (2010). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Buckling, A. & Rainey, P. B. Antagonistic coevolution between a bacterium and a bacteriophage. Proc. Biol. Sci.269, 931–936 (2002). ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Cuadros-Orellana, S. et al. Genomic plasticity in prokaryotes: the case of the square haloarchaeon. ISME J.1, 235–245 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Schaffer, W. M. & Rosenzweig, M. L. Homage to the red queen. I. Coevolution of predators and their victims. Theor. Popul. Biol.14, 135–157 (1978). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Archetti, M. & Scheuring, I. Coexistence of cooperation and defection in public goods games. Evolution65, 1140–1148 (2011). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Damore, J. A. & Gore, J. Understanding microbial cooperation. J. Theor. Biol.299, 31–41 (2012). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Winkelmann, G. Microbial siderophore-mediated transport. Biochem. Soc. Trans.30, 691–696 (2003). Article Google Scholar
Johnson, J. R., Moseley, S. L., Roberts, P. L. & Stamm, W. E. Aerobactin and other virulence factor genes among strains of Escherichia coli causing urosepsis: association with patient characteristics. Infect. Immun.56, 405–412 (1988). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Tanabe, T. et al. Identification and characterization of genes required for biosynthesis and transport of the siderophore vibrioferrin in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J. Bacteriol.185, 6938–6949 (2003). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
West, S. A. & Buckling, A. Cooperation, virulence and siderophore production in bacterial parasites. Proc. Biol. Sci.270, 37–44 (2003). ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
D'Onofrio, A. et al. Siderophores from neighboring organisms promote the growth of uncultured bacteria. Chem. Biol.17, 254–264 (2010). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Griffin, A. S., West, S. A. & Buckling, A. Cooperation and competition in pathogenic bacteria. Nature430, 1024–1027 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Majewski, J. & Cohan, F. M. DNA sequence similarity requirements for interspecific recombination in Bacillus. Genetics153, 1525–1533 (1999). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Koornhof, H. J., Keddy, K. & McGee, L. Clonal expansion of bacterial pathogens across the world. J. Travel Med.8, 29–40 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Vos, M. & Velicer, G. J. Social conflict in centimeter- and global-scale populations of the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. Curr. Biol.19, 1763–1767 (2009). This study shows that genotypes ofMyxococcus xanthusengage in social interactions that depend on fine-scale population structure. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
O'Connor, K. A. & Zusman, D. R. Development in Myxococcus xanthus involves differentiation into two cell types, peripheral rods and spores. J. Bacteriol.173, 3318–3333 (1991). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Stefanic, P. et al. The quorum sensing diversity within and between ecotypes of Bacillus subtilis. Environ. Microbiol.14, 1378–1389 (2012). This study shows that signalling is more often successful within populations than between populations ofBacillus subtilis. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Tran, L.-S. P., Nagai, T. & Itoh, Y. Divergent structure of the ComQXPA quorum-sensing components: molecular basis of strain-specific communication mechanism in Bacillus subtilis. Mol. Microbiol.37, 1159–1171 (2000). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hawlena, H., Bashey, F. & Lively, C. M. Bacteriocin-mediated interactions within and between coexisting species. Ecol. Evol.2, 2521–2526 (2012). ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Riley, M. A. & Wertz, J. E. Bacteriocin diversity: ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Biochimie84, 357–364 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Preheim, S. P. et al. Metapopulation structure of Vibrionaceae among coastal marine invertebrates. Environ. Microbiol.13, 265–275 (2011). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Pérez-Gutiérrez, R.-A. et al. Antagonism influences assembly of a Bacillus guild in a local community and is depicted as a food-chain network. ISME J.7, 487–497 (2013). ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Morris, J. J., Lenski, R. E. & Zinser, E. R. The Black Queen hypothesis: evolution of dependencies through adaptive gene loss. mBio3, e00036–00012 (2012). ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Hanage, W. P., Spratt, B. G., Turner, K. M. E. & Fraser, C. Modelling bacterial speciation. Phil. Trans. R. Soc.361, 2039–2044 (2006). Article Google Scholar
Ivars-Martinez, E. et al. Comparative genomics of two ecotypes of the marine planktonic copiotroph Alteromonas macleodii suggests alternative lifestyles associated with different kinds of particulate organic matter. ISME J.2, 1194–1212 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Majewski, J. & Cohan, F. M. Adapt globally, act locally: the effect of selective sweeps on bacterial sequence diversity. Genetics152, 1459–1474 (1999). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Shapiro, B. J., David, L. A., Friedman, J. & Alm, E. J. Looking for Darwin's footprints in the microbial world. Trends Microbiol.17, 196–204 (2009). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Vos, M. & Didelot, X. A comparison of homologous recombination rates in bacteria and archaea. ISME J.3, 199–208 (2009). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Azam, F. & Malfatti, F. Microbial structuring of marine ecosystems. Nature Rev. Microbiol.5, 782–791 (2007). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Simon, M., Grossart, H. P., Schweitzer, B. & Ploug, H. Microbial ecology of organic aggregates in aquatic ecosystems. Aquat. Microb. Ecol.28, 175–211 (2002). Article Google Scholar
Grossart, H.-P., Kiørboe, T., Tang, K. & Ploug, H. Bacterial colonization of particles: growth and interactions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.69, 3500–3509 (2003). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Labrie, S. J., Samson, J. E. & Moineau, S. Bacteriophage resistance mechanisms. Nature Rev. Microbiol.8, 317–327 (2010). ArticleCAS Google Scholar