(E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine potentiates ganciclovir-mediated cytotoxicity on herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase–expressing cells (original) (raw)

• De Clercq E . In search of a selective antiviral chemotherapy Clin Microbiol Rev 1997 10: 674–693
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Nishiyama Y, Rapp F . Anticellular effects of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine against herpes simplex virus–transformed cells J Gen Virol 1979 45: 227–230
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Furman PA, McGuirt PV, Keller PM, Fyfe JA, Elion GB . Inhibition by acyclovir of cell growth and DNA synthesis of cells biochemically transformed with herpes virus genetic information Virology 1980 102: 420–430
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Ayusawa D, Seno T . Murine mammary FM3A carcinoma cells transformed with the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene are highly sensitive to the growth-inhibitory properties of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine and related compounds FEBS Lett 1985 185: 95–100
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Moolten FL . Tumor chemosensitivity conferred by inserted herpes thymidine kinase genes: paradigm for a prospective cancer control strategy Cancer Res 1986 46: 5276–5281
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Moolten FL, Wells JM . Curability of tumors bearing the herpes thymidine kinase transferred by a retroviral vector J Natl Cancer Inst 1990 82: 297–300
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Mullen CA . Metabolic suicide genes in gene therapy Pharmacol Ther 1994 63: 199–207
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Culver KW, Ram Z, Wallbridge S, Ishii H, Oldfield EH, Blaese RM . In vivo gene transfer with retroviral vector-producer cells for treatment of experimental brain tumors Science 1992 256: 1550–1552
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Ram Z, Culver K, Oshiro E, et al . Therapy of malignant brain tumors by intratumoral implantation of retroviral vector-producing cells Nat Med 1997 3: 1354–1361
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Mar E-C, Chiou J-F, Cheng Y-C, Huang E-S . Inhibition of cellular DNA polymerase alpha and human cytomegalovirus-induced DNA polymerase by the triphosphates of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine J Virol 1985 53: 776–780
  CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Reardon JE . Herpes simplex virus type 1 and human DNA polymerase interactions with 2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-triphosphate analogues J Biol Chem 1989 264: 19039–19044
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Balzarini J, Bohman C, De Clercq E . Differential mechanism of cytostatic effect of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine, 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine, and other antiherpetic drugs on tumor cells transfected by the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 J Biol Chem 1993 268: 6332–6337
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Freeman SM, Abboud CN, Whartenby KA, et al . The “bystander effect”: tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified Cancer Res 1993 53: 5274–5283
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Samejima Y, Meruelo D . Bystander killing induces apoptosis and is inhibited by forskolin Gene Ther 1995 2: 50–58
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Colombo BM, Benedetti S, Ottolenghi S, et al . The “bystander effect”: association of U-87 cell death with ganciclovir-mediated apoptosis of nearby cells and lack of effect in athymic mice Hum Gene Ther 1995 6: 763–772
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hamel W, Magnelli L, Chiarugi VP, Israel MA . Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir–mediated apoptotic death of bystander cells Cancer Res 1996 56: 2697–2702
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Allaudeen HS, Kozarich JW, Bertino JR, De Clercq E . On the mechanism of selective inhibition of herpes virus replication by (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981 78: 2698–2702
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Benoit Y, Laureys G, Delbeke MJ, De Clercq E . Oral BVDU treatment of varicella and zoster in children with cancer Eur J Pediatr 1985 143: 198–202
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Tricot G, De Clercq E, Boogaerts MA, Verwilghen RL . Oral bromovinyldeoxyuridine therapy for herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infections in severely immunosuppressed patients: a preliminary clinical trial J Med Virol 1986 18: 11–20
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Wildiers J, De Clercq E . Oral (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine treatment of severe herpes zoster in cancer patients Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1984 20: 471–476
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Wutzler P, Wutke K, Barwolff D, Reefschlager J . 5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine therapy of herpes zoster diseases in patients with malignant primary diseases Z Gesamte Inn Med 1988 43: 677–680
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Verbruggen A, Ayusawa D, Shimizu K, Seno T . Thymidylate synthase is the principal target enzyme for the cytostatic action of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine against murine mammary carcinoma (FM3A) cells transformed with the herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 thymidine kinase gene Mol Pharmacol 1987 32: 410–416
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Descamps J, De Clercq E . Specific phosphorylation of (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine by herpes simplex virus–infected cells J Biol Chem 1981 256: 5973–5976
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Ayisi NK, De Clercq E, Wall RA, Hughes H, Sacks SL . Metabolic fate of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine in herpes simplex virus– and mock-infected cells Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984 26: 762–765
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Degreve B, Andrei G, Izquierdo M, et al . Varicella zoster virus thymidine kinase gene and antiherpetic pyrimidine nucleoside analogues in a combined gene/chemotherapy treatment for cancer Gene Ther 1997 4: 1107–1114
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Miller AD, Buttimore C . Redesign of retrovirus packaging cell lines to avoid recombination leading to helper virus production Mol Cell Biol 1986 6: 2895–2902
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Miller AD, Miller DG, Garcia JV, Lynch CM . Use of retroviral vectors for gene transfer and expression Methods Enzymol 1993 217: 581–599
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Fick J, Barker FGI, Dazin P, Westphale EM, Beyer EC, Israel MA . The extent of heterocellular communication mediated by gap junctions is predictive of bystander tumor cytotoxicity_in vitro_ Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995 92: 11071–11075
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Balzarini J, De Clercq E . Strategies for the measurement of the inhibitory effects of thymidine analogs on the activity of thymidylate synthase in intact murine leukemia L1210 cells Biochim Biophys Acta 1984 785: 36–45
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Bi WL, Parysek LM, Warnick R, Stambrook PJ . In vitro evidence that metabolic cooperation is responsible for the bystander effect observed with HSV-tk retroviral gene therapy Hum Gene Ther 1993 4: 725–731
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Mesnil M, Piccoli C, Tiraby G, Willecke K, Yamasaki H . Bystander killing of cancer cells by herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene is mediated by connexins Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996 93: 1831–1835
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Dilber MS, Abedi MR, Christensson B, et al . Gap junctions promote the bystander effect of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase_in vivo_ Cancer Res 1997 57: 1523–1528
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Elshami AA, Saavedra A, Zhang H, et al . Gap junctions play a role in the “bystander effect” of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir system_in vitro_ Gene Ther 1996 3: 85–92
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Greco WR, Bravo G, Parsons JC . The search for synergy: a critical review from a response surface perspective Pharmacol Rev 1995 47: 331–385
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Rideout DC, Chou T-C . Synergism, antagonism, and potentiation in chemotherapy. An overview In: Rideout DC, Chou T-C, eds.Synergism and Antagonism in Chemotherapy San Diego, CA: Academic Press 1991 3–60
• Berenbaum MC . What is synergy? Pharmacol Rev 1989 41: 93–141
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Rogulski KR, Kim JH, Kim SH, Freytag SO . Glioma cells transduced with an_Escherichia coli_ CD/HSV-1 TK fusion gene exhibit enhanced metabolic suicide and radiosensitivity Hum Gene Ther 1997 8: 73–85
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Rogulski KR, Zhang K, Kolozsvary A, Kim JH, Freytag SO . Pronounced antitumor effects and tumor radiosensitization of double suicide gene therapy Clin Cancer Res 1997 3: 2081–2088
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Aghi M, Kramm CM, Chou TC, Breakefield XO, Chiocca EA . Synergistic anticancer effects of ganciclovir/thymidine kinase and 5-fluorocytosine/cytosine deaminase gene therapies J Natl Cancer Inst 1998 90: 370–80
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Uckert W, Kammertons T, Haack K, et al . Double suicide gene (cytosine deaminase and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase) but not single gene transfer allows reliable elimination of tumor cells_in vivo_ Hum Gene Ther 1998 9: 855–865
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Wildner O, Blaese RM, Candotti F . Enzyme prodrug gene therapy: synergistic use of the herpes simplex virus–cellular thymidine kinase/ganciclovir system and thymidylate synthase inhibitors for the treatment of colon cancer Cancer Res 1999 59: 5233–5238
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Allaudeen HS, Chen MS, Lee JJ, De Clercq E, Prusoff WH . Incorporation of_E_-5-(2-halovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridines into deoxyribonucleic acids of herpes simplex virus type 1–infected cells J Biol Chem 1982 257: 603–606
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Fahrig R . Anti-recombinogenic and convertible co-mutagenic effects of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (BVDU) and other 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleoside analogs in_S. cerevisiae_ MP1 Mutat Res 1996 372: 133–139
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Tamura M, Shimizu K, Yamada M, Miyao Y, Hayakawa T, Ikenaka K . Targeted killing of migrating glioma cells by injection of HTK-modified glioma cells Hum Gene Ther 1997 8: 381–391
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Grignet-Debrus C, Calberg-Bacq CM . Potential of varicella zoster virus thymidine kinase as a suicide gene in breast cancer cells Gene Ther 1997 4: 560–569
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Degreve B, De Clercq E, Balzarini J . Bystander effect of purine nucleoside analogues in HSV-tk suicide gene therapy is superior to that of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues Gene Ther 1999 6: 62–170
  Article Google Scholar
• Grignet-Debrus C, Cool V, Baudson N, et al . Comparative_in vitro_ and_in vivo_ cytotoxic activity of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (BVDU) and its arabinosyl derivative, (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-1-beta- D-arabinofuranosyluracil (BVaraU), against tumor cells expressing either the varicella zoster or the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase Cancer Gene Ther 2000 7: 215–223
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar