Miller, J. D., Morin, L. P., Schwartz, W. J. & Moore, R. Y. New insights into the mammalian circadian clock. Sleep19, 641–667 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Vitaterna, M. H. et al. Mutagenesis and mapping of a mouse gene, Clock, essential for circadian behavior. Science264, 719–725 (1994). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Raju, U., Koumenis, C., Nunez-Regueiro, M. & Eskin, A. Alteration of the phase and period of a circadian oscillator by a reversible transcription inhibitor. Science253, 673–675 (1991). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Prosser, R. A., Macdonald, E. S. & Heller, H. C. c-fos mRNA in the suprachiasmatic nuclei in vitro shows a circadian rhythm and responds to a serotonergic agonist. Mol. Brain Res.25, 151–156 (1994). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Guido, M. E., Goguen, D., Robertson, H. A. & Rusak, B. Spontaneous and light-evoked expression of JunB-like protein in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus near subjective dawn. Neurosci. Lett.217, 9–12 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Daan, S. & Pittendrigh, C. S. A functional analysis of circadian pacemakers in nocturnal rodents, II The variability of phase response curves. J. Comp. Physiol.106, 253–266 (1976). Article Google Scholar
Aronin, N., Sagar, S. M., Sharp, F. R. & Schwartz, W. J. Light regulates expression of a Fos-related protein in rat suprachiasmatic nuclei. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA87, 5959–5962 (1990). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kornhauser, J. M., Nelson, D. E., Mayo, K. E. & Takahashi, J. S. Photic and circadian regulation of c-fos gene expression in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus. Neuron5, 127–134 (1990). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Rusak, B., Robertson, H. A., Wisden, W. & Hunt, S. P. Light pulses that shift rhythms induce gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Science248, 1237–1240 (1990). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wollnik, F. et al. Block of c-Fos and JunB expression by antisense oligonucleotides inhibits light-induced phase shifts of the mammalian circadian clock. Eur. J. Neurosci.7, 388–393 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Ginty, D. D. et al. Regulation of CREB phosphorylation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus by light and a circadian clock. Science260, 238–241 (1993). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Colwell, C. S., Foster, R. G. & Menaker, M. NMDA receptor antagonists block the effects of light on circadian behavior in the mouse. Brain Res.554, 105–110 (1991). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Colwell, C. S. & Menaker, M. NMDA as well as non-NMDA receptor antagonists can prevent the phase-shifting effects of light on the circadian system of the golden hamster. J. Biol. Rhythms7, 125–136 (1992). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Rosen, L. B., Ginty, D. D., Weber, M. & Greenberg, M. E. Membrane depolarization and calcium influx stimulate MEK and MAP kinase via activation of Ras. Neuron12, 1207–1221 (1994). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Rusanescu, G., Qi, H., Thomas, S. M., Brugge, J. S. & Halegoua, S. Calcium influx induces neurite growth through a Src-Ras signaling cassette. Neuron15, 1415–1425 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Farnsworth, C. L. et al. Calcium activation of Ras mediated by neuronal exchange factor Ras-GRF. Nature376, 524–527 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Rosen, L. B. & Greenberg, M. E. Stimulation of growth factor receptor signal transduction by activation of voltage-sensitive calcium channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA93, 1113–1118 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Lev, S. et al. Protein tyrosine kinase PYK2 involved in Ca2+-induced regulation of ion channel and MAP kinase functions. Nature376, 737–745 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Enslen, H. et al. Characterization of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV: Role in transcriptional regulation. J. Biol. Chem.269, 15520–15527 (1994). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Chen, H. J., RojasSoto, M., Oguni, A. & Kennedy, M. B. A synaptic Ras-GTPase activating protein (p135 SynGAP) inhibited by CaM kinase II. Neuron20, 895–904 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Treisman, R. Regulation of transcription by MAP kinase cascades. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol.8, 205–215 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Khokhlatchev, A. V. et al. Phosphorylation of the MAP kinase ERK2 promotes its homodimerization and nuclear translocation. Cell93, 605–615 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Lenormand, P. et al. Growth factors induce nuclear translocation of MAP kinases (p42mapk and p44mapk) but not of their activator MAP kinase kinase (p45mapkk) in fibroblasts. J. Cell. Biol.122, 1079–1088 (1993). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Nguyen, T. T. et al. Co-regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1, and the 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase in PC12 cells. Distinct effects of the neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and the mitogenic factor, epidermal growth factor. J. Biol. Chem.268, 9803–9810 (1993). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Traverse, S., Gomez, N., Paterson, H., Marshall, C. & Cohen, P. Sustained activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade may be required for differentiation of PC12 cells. Comparison of the effects of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor. J. Biochem.288, 351–355 (1992). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Gonzalez, G. A. & Montminy, M. R. Cyclic AMP stimulates somatostatin gene transcription by phosphorylation of CREB at serine 133. Cell59, 675–680 (1989). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Xing, J., Kornhauser, J. M., Xia, Z., Thiele, E. A. & Greenberg, M. E. Nerve growth factor activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways to stimulate CREB serine 133 phosphorylation. Mol. Cell. Biol.18, 1946–1955 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Impey S. et al. Crosstalk between ERK and PKA is required for Ca2+ stimulation of CREB-dependent transcription and ERK nuclear translocation. Neuron21, 869–883 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Hannibal, J. et al. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) in the retinohypothalamic tract: A potential daytime regulator of the biological clock. J. Neurosci.17, 2637–2644 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Moffett, J. R., Williamson, L., Palkovits, M. & Namboodiri, M. A. N-acetylaspartylglutamate: a transmitter candidate for the retinohypothalamic tract. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA87, 8065–8069 (1990). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Ding, J. M. et al. A neuronal ryanodine receptor mediates light-induced phase delays of the circadian clock. Nature394, 381–384 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Seger, R. et al. Microtubule-associated protein 2 kinases, ERK1 and ERK2, undergo autophosphorylation on both tyrosine and threonine residues: implications for their mechanism of activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA88, 6142–6146 (1991). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Finkbeiner, S. & Greenberg, M. E. Ca2+-dependent routes to Ras: Mechanisms for neuronal survival, differentiation, and plasticity? Neuron16, 233–236 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Ding, J. M., Faiman, L. E., Hurst, W. J., Kuriashkina, L. R. & Gillette, M. U. Resetting the biological clock: mediation of nocturnal CREB phosphorylation via light, glutamate, and nitric oxide. J. Neurosci.17, 667–675 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Ding, J. M. et al. Resetting the biological clock: Mediation of nocturnal circadian shifts by glutamate and NO. Science266, 1713–1717 (1994). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Yun, H. Y., GonzalezZulueta, M., Dawson, V. L. & Dawson, T. M. Nitric oxide mediates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-induced activation of p21(ras). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA95, 5773–5778 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Albrecht, U., Sun, Z. S., Eichele, G. & Lee, C. C. A differential response of two putative mammalian circadian regulators, mper1 and mper2, to light. Cell91, 1055–1064 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Shigeyoshi, Y. et al. Light-induced resetting of a mammalian circadian clock is associated with rapid induction of the mPer1 transcript. Cell91, 1043–1053 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Zylka, M. J., Shearman, L. P., Weaver, D. R. & Reppert, S. M. Three period homologs in mammals: differential light responses in the suprachiasmatic circadian clock and oscillating transcripts outside of brain. Neuron20, 1103–1110 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Darlington, T. K. et al. Closing the circadian loop: CLOCK-induced transcription of its own inhibitors per and tim. Science280, 1599–1603 (1998) . ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Ghosh, P. K., Baskaran, N. & van den Pol, A. N., Developmentally regulated gene expression of all eight metabotropic glutamate receptors in hypothalamic suprachiasmatic and arcuate nuclei—a PCR analysis. Brain Res.102, 1–12 (1997) . ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kalsbeek, A., Buijs, R., Engelmann, M., Wotjak, C. & Landgraf, R. In vivo measurement of a diurnal variation in vasopressin release in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Brain Res.682, 75–82 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Cagampang, F. R. A., Rattay, M., Campbell, I. C., Powell, J. F. & Coen, C. W. Variation in the expression of the mRNA for protein kinase C isoforms in the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei, caudate putamen and cerebral cortex. Mol. Brain Res.53, 277–284 (1998). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sun, Z. S. et al. RIGUI, a putative mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila period gene. Cell90, 1003–1011 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Tei, H. et al. Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila period gene. Nature389, 512–516 (1997). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Glass, J. D., Hauser, U. E., Blank, J. L., Selim, M. & Rea, M. A. Differential timing of amino acid and 5-HIAA rhythms in suprachiasmatic hypothalamus. Am. J. Physiol.265, R504–511 (1993). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Yoshitomi, H. et al. Involvement of MAP kinase and c-fos signaling in the inhibition of cell growth by somatostatin. Am. J. Physiol.272, E769–774 (1997). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Yang, J. et al. Day-night variation of preprosomatostatin messenger RNA level in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Mol. Cell. Neurosci.5, 97–102 (1994). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Impey, S. et al. Induction of CRE-mediated gene expression by stimuli that generate long-lasting LTP in area CA1 of the hippocampus. Neuron16, 973–982 (1996). ArticleCAS Google Scholar