Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia (original) (raw)

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Acknowledgements

We thank the subjects and their relatives and staff at the recruitment centres. This work was sponsored by EU grants LSHM-CT-2006-037761 (Project SGENE), PIAP-GA-2008-218251 (Project PsychGene) and HEALTH-F2-2009-223423 (Project PsychCNVs). Genotyping of the Dutch samples was sponsored by NIMH funding, R01 MH078075. This work was also supported by the National Genomic Network (NGFN-2) of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and Marie Curie grant PIAP-GA-2008-218251 (PsychGene). M.M.N. received support from the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung. We are grateful to S. Schreiber and M. Krawczak for providing genotype data for PopGen controls, and to K.-H. Jöckel and R. Erbel for providing control individuals from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Recruitment of the patients from Munich was partially supported by GlaxoSmithKline. We are grateful to the Genetics Research Centre GmbH, an initiative by GlaxoSmithKline and LMU. The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC66) is thanked for providing population controls for the study. The genotyping of NFBC66 was financially supported by National Institutes of Health grant 1R01HL087679-01, STAMPEED.

Author Contributions H.S., S.S., D.A.C., D.S.C., D.R., E. Sigurdsson and K.S. wrote the first draft of the paper. M.H., B.B.M., P.M., I.G., H.-J.M., A.H., A.C.N., G.F., N.W., J.L., J. Suvisaari, A.T.-H., T.T., E.B., R.M., M.R., S. Tosato, S.D., I.M., J.O., O.A.A., M.R., R.A.O., L.A.K., O.G., A.D.B., M. Nyegaard, A.F.-J., M. Nordentoft, D.H., B.N.-P., Y.B., R.B., H.B.R., S. Timm, M.M., I.B., J.M.R., L.A., V.K., J. Sanjuan, R.F., E.V., U.E., M.P., J.L.Y., N.B.F., R.M.C., V.G., A.C., C.A., J.C., E.G.J., L.T., I.A., O.M., P.B.M., B.F., T.P. and GROUP recruited, diagnosed and gathered phenotypes. H.S., D.R., R.d.F., E. Strengman, T.S., P.M.M., T.T., J.R.G., U.T., H.P., D.B.G., T.W., D.A.C., L.P., A.K., D.S.C. and K.S. planned, supervised and coordinated the work. S.S., H.S., S.C., P.O., G.M., A.I., T.E.T., O.P.H.P., D.G., K.V.S., M.M.N., T.H. and A.K. analysed the data. All authors contributed to the current version of the paper.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,
    Hreinn Stefansson, Stacy Steinberg, Omar Gustafsson, Andres Ingason, Yvonne Böttcher, Pall Olason, Gisli Masson, Jeffrey R. Gulcher, Ragnheidur Fossdal, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Augustine Kong & Kari Stefansson
  2. Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,
    Roel A. Ophoff & Eric Strengman
  3. UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA.,
    Roel A. Ophoff, Nelson B. Freimer & Rita M. Cantor
  4. Department of Psychiatry, Ullevål University Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, N-0407 Oslo, Norway.,
    Ole A. Andreassen & Ingrid Melle
  5. Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.,
    Sven Cichon & Manuel Mattheisen
  6. Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nußbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.,
    Dan Rujescu, Annette Hartmann & Ina Giegling
  7. Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.,
    Thomas Werge, Thomas Hansen & Henrik B. Rasmussen
  8. Institute of Molecular Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,
    Olli P. H. Pietiläinen & Leena Peltonen
  9. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.,
    Olli P. H. Pietiläinen & Leena Peltonen
  10. Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark.,
    Ole Mors & Anders D. Børglum
  11. National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Taasingegade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,
    Preben B. Mortensen
  12. Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,
    Engilbert Sigurdsson, Brynja B. Magnusdottir, Thordur Sigmundsson, Magnus Haraldsson & Hannes Petursson
  13. University of Iceland, School of Medicine, Laeknagardi, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,
    Engilbert Sigurdsson, Brynja B. Magnusdottir, Thordur Sigmundsson, Magnus Haraldsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Hannes Petursson & Kari Stefansson
  14. Department of Human Genetics, The Bartholin Building, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Arhus C, Denmark.,
    Mette Nyegaard & Anders D. Børglum
  15. Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland.,
    Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson, Jaana Suvisaari & Jouko Lonnqvist
  16. Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,
    Tiina Paunio
  17. Mental Health Centre Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,
    Anders Fink-Jensen
  18. Psychiatric Centre Bisbebjerg, Building 13A, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.,
    Merete Nordentoft
  19. Department Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Section of Neonatal Screening and Hormones, The State Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,
    David Hougaard & Bent Norgaard-Pedersen
  20. Department of Neurology, 57 Nordre Ringvej, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, DK-2600 Copenhagen, Denmark.,
    Jes Olesen
  21. Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany.,
    René Breuer & Marcella Rietschel
  22. Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nußbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.,
    Hans-Jürgen Möller
  23. Mental Health Centre Frederiksberg, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.,
    Sally Timm
  24. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1083, Hungary.,
    István Bitter & János M. Réthelyi
  25. Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.,
    Mirella Ruggeri & Sarah Tosato
  26. Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,
    Barbara Franke
  27. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,
    Lambertus A. Kiemeney
  28. Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, N-0407 Oslo, Norway.,
    Srdjan Djurovic
  29. Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Zagorodnoe sh. 2/2, 117152 Moscow, Russia.,
    Lilia Abramova, Vasily Kaleda & Vera Golimbet
  30. Unidad de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERSAM, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,
    Julio Sanjuan
  31. Departamento de Genética. Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERSAM, Spain.,
    Rosa de Frutos
  32. Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London SE5 8AF, UK.,
    Elvira Bramon, Evangelos Vassos, Ulrich Ettinger, Marco Picchioni, Robin Murray & David A. Collier
  33. Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London SE5 8AF, UK.,
    Evangelos Vassos, Ulrich Ettinger, Timi Toulopoulou & Robin Murray
  34. Department of Mental Health, University of Aberdeen, Royal Cornhill Hospital, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.,
    Gillian Fraser & David St Clair
  35. Ravenscraig hospital, Inverkip Road, Greenock PA16 9HA, UK.,
    Nicholas Walker
  36. Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Population Genomics and Pharmacogenetics, 4011 GSRB II 103 Research Drive, Duke University, DUMC Box 3471, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.,
    Anna C. Need, Dongliang Ge, Kevin V. Shianna & David B. Goldstein
  37. Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,
    Joeng Lim Yoon & Rita M. Cantor
  38. Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-Complexo Universitario Hospitalario de Santiago, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), IML- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,
    Angel Carracedo
  39. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,
    Celso Arango
  40. Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain.,
    Javier Costas
  41. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, HUBIN project, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, R5:00, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,
    Erik G. Jönsson, Lars Terenius & Ingrid Agartz
  42. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Wilhelmstrasse 31, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.,
    Markus M. Nöthen
  43. Clinical Imaging Centre, Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 ONN, UK.,
    Paul M. Matthews
  44. Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.,
    Pierandrea Muglia
  45. Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610065 Sichuan, China.,
    David A. Collier
  46. Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85060, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,
    René S. Kahn & Wiepke Cahn
  47. Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NL326 Groot-Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,
    Don H. Linszen & Lieuwe de Haan
  48. Maastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,
    Hreinn Stefansson, Roel A. Ophoff, Stacy Steinberg, Jim van Os, Lydia Krabbendam & Inez Myin-Germeys
  49. Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.,
    Durk Wiersma & Richard Bruggeman

Authors

  1. Hreinn Stefansson
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  2. Roel A. Ophoff
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  3. Stacy Steinberg
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  4. Ole A. Andreassen
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  9. Ole Mors
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  10. Preben B. Mortensen
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  12. Omar Gustafsson
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†Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP)

Corresponding author

Correspondence toKari Stefansson.

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Competing interests

Some of the authors including Kari Stefansson (CEO of deCODE genetics), Jeffrey R. Gulcher (CSO of deCODE genetics) and Augustine Kong (VP Statistics at deCODE genetics) are shareholders in deCODE genetics.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

This file contains Supplementary Methods, Supplementary Tables 1-6, Supplementary Figure 1 with Legend and Supplementary References. (PDF 205 kb)

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Stefansson, H., Ophoff, R., Steinberg, S. et al. Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia.Nature 460, 744–747 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08186

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