North Pacific deglacial hypoxic events linked to abrupt ocean warming (original) (raw)

• Mix, A. C. et al. Rapid climate oscillations in the Northeast Pacific during the last deglaciation reflect Northern and Southern Hemisphere sources, in Mechanisms of global climate change at millennial time scales, American Geophysical Union, edited by P.U. Clark et al., Geophysical Monograph 112, 127–148 (1999)
  Google Scholar
• Davies, M. H. et al. The deglacial transition on the southeastern Alaska Margin: Meltwater input, sea level rise, marine productivity, and sedimentary anoxia. Paleoceanography 26, PA2223 (2011)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Behl, R. J. & Kennett, J. P. Brief interstadial events in the Santa Barbara basin, NE Pacific, during the past 60 kyr. Nature 379, 243–246 (1996)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Jaccard, S. L. & Galbraith, E. D. Large climate-driven changes in oceanic oxygen concentrations during the last deglaciation. Nature Geosci. 5, 151–156 (2012)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Okazaki, Y. et al. Deepwater formation in the North Pacific during the Last Glacial Termination. Science 329, 200–204 (2010)
  Article CAS ADS PubMed Google Scholar
• Crusius, J., Pedersen, T. F., Kienast, S., Keigwin, L. & Labeyrie, L. Influence of northwest Pacific productivity on North Pacific Intermediate Water oxygen concentrations during the Bølling-Allerød interval (14.7–12.9 ka). Geology 32, 633–636 (2004)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Hendy, I. L., Pedersen, T. F., Kennett, J. P. & Tada, R. Intermittent existence of a southern Californian upwelling cell during submillennial climate change of the last 60 kyr. Paleoceanography 19, PA3007 (2004)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Schmittner, A., Galbraith, E. D., Hostetler, S. W., Pedersen, T. F. & Zang, R. Large fluctuations of dissolved oxygen in the Indian and Pacific oceans during Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations caused by variations of North Atlantic Deep Water subduction. Paleoceanography 22, PA3207 (2007)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Kohfeld, K. E. & Chase, Z. Controls on deglacial changes in biogenic fluxes in the North Pacific ocean. Quat. Sci. Rev. 30, 3350–3363 (2011)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Lam, P. J. et al. Transient stratification as the cause of the North Pacific productivity spike during deglaciation. Nat. Geosci. 6, 622–626 (2013)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Kuehn, H. et al. Laminated sediments in the Bering Sea reveal atmospheric teleconnections to Greenland climate on millennial to decadal timescales during the last deglaciation. Clim. Past 10, 2215–2236 (2014)
  Article Google Scholar
• Barron, J. A., Bukry, D., Dean, W. E., Addison, J. A. & Finney, B. Paleoceanography of the Gulf of Alaska during the past 15,000 years: results from diatoms, silicoflagellates, and geochemistry. Mar. Micropaleontol. 72, 176–195 (2009)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Addison, J. A. et al. Productivity and sedimentary δ15N variability for the last 17,000 years along the northern Gulf of Alaska slope. Paleoceanography 27, PA1206 (2012)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Keeling, R. F., Kortzinger, A. & Gruber, N. Ocean deoxygenation in a warming world. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci . 2, 199–229 (2010)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Schmittner, A., Oschlies, A., Matthews, H. D. & Galbraith, E. D. Future changes in climate, ocean circulation, ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling simulated for a business-as-usual CO2 emission scenario until year 4000 AD. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 22, GB1013 (2008)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Behrenfeld, M. J. et al. Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity. Nature 444, 752–755 (2006)
  Article CAS ADS PubMed Google Scholar
• Lopes, C., Kucera, M. & Mix, A. C. Climate change decouples oceanic primary and export productivity and organic carbon burial. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 332–335 (2014)
  Article ADS PubMed CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Diaz, R. J. & Rosenberg, R. Spreading dead zone and consequences for marine ecosystems. Science 321, 926–929 (2008)
  Article CAS ADS PubMed Google Scholar
• Scholz, F., McManus, J., Mix, A. C., Hensen, C. & Schneider, R. R. The impact of ocean deoxygenation on iron release from continental margin sediments. Nat. Geosci. 7, 433–437 (2014)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Davies-Walczak, M. H. et al. Late glacial to Holocene radiocarbon constraints on North Pacific Intermediate Water ventilation and deglacial atmospheric CO2 sources. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 397, 57–66 (2014)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Takeda, S. Iron and phytoplankton growth in the subarctic North Pacific. Aqua-BioScience Monographs 4, 41–93 (2011)
  Article Google Scholar
• Benson, B. B. & Krause, D. J. The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29, 620–632 (1984)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Hofmann, A. F. et al. Hypoxia by degrees: establishing definitions for a changing ocean. Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap . 58, 1212–1226 (2011)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Ingall, E. & Jahnke, R. Evidence for enhanced phosphorus regeneration from marine sediments overlain by oxygen depleted waters. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 2571–2575 (1994)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Boyd, P. & Newton, P. Evidence of the potential influence of planktonic community structure on the interannual variability of particulate organic carbon flux. Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap . 42, 619–639 (1995)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, L. J., Peeken, I., Lochte, K., Assmy, P. & Veldhuis, M. Different reaction of Southern Ocean phytoplankton size classes to iron fertilization. Limnol. Oceanogr. 51, 1217–1229 (2006)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Kemp, A. E. S. & Villareal, T. A. High diatom production and export in stratified waters – A potential negative feedback to global warming. Prog. Oceanogr. 119, 4–23 (2013)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Eppley, R. W. Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea. Fish Bull. 70, 1063–1085 (1972)
  Google Scholar
• Sverdrup, H. U. On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplankton. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 18, 287–295 (1953)
  Article Google Scholar
• Wang, M., Overland, J. E. & Bond, N. A. Climate projections for selected large marine ecosystems. J. Mar. Syst . 79, 258–266 (2010)
  Article Google Scholar
• Schlitzer, R. Electronic Atlas of WOCE Hydrographic and Tracer Data Now Available. Eos Trans. AGU 81, 45 (2000)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Brickley, P. J. & Thomas, A. C. Satellite-measured seasonal and inter-annual chlorophyll variability in the Northeast Pacific and Coastal Gulf of Alaska. Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr . 51, 229–245 (2004)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Stabeno, P. J. et al. Meteorology and oceanography of the Northern Gulf of Alaska. Cont. Shelf Res. 24, 859–897 (2004)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Parnell, A. C. et al. A flexible approach to assessing synchroneity of past events using Bayesian reconstructions of sedimentation history. Quat. Sci. Rev. 27, 1872–1885 (2008)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Reimer, P. J. et al. INTCAL13 and MARINE13 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0–50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon 55, 1869–1887 (2013)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Praetorius, S. K. & Mix, A. C. Synchronization of North Pacific and Greenland climates preceded abrupt deglacial warming. Science 345, 444–448 (2014)
  Article CAS ADS PubMed Google Scholar
• Adkins, J. F. & Boyle, E. A. Changing atmospheric Δ14C and the record of deep water paleoventilation ages. Paleoceanography 12, 337–344 (1997)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Bemis, B. E., Spero, H. J., Bijima, J. & Lea, D. W. Reevaluation of the oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera: Experimental results and revised paleotemperature equations. Paleoceanography 13, 150–160 (1988)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Waelbroeck, C. L. et al. Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records. Quat. Sci. Rev. 21, 295–305 (2002)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Walinsky, S. E. et al. Distribution and composition of organic matter in surface sediments of coastal Southeast Alaska. Cont. Shelf Res. 29, 1565–1579 (2009)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Christie, W. W. & Han, X. Lipid Analysis: Isolation, Separation, Identification and Structural Analysis of Lipids 4th edn (Oily Press, 2003)
• Prahl, F. G., Muehlhausen, L. A. & Zahnle, D. L. Further evaluation of long-chain alkenones as indicators of paleoceanographic conditions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 2303–2310 (1988)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Prahl, F. G. et al. Systematic pattern in – Temperature residuals for surface sediments from high latitude and other oceanographic settings. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 74, 131–143 (2010)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Rontani, J. F., Volkman, J. K., Prahl, F. G. & Wakeham, S. G. Biotic and abiotic degradation of alkenones and implications on paleoproxy application. A review. Org. Geochem . 59, 95–113 (2013)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Prahl, F. G., Cowie, G. L., De Lange, G. J. & Sparrow, M. G. Selective organic matter preservation in “burn-down” turbidites on the Madeira Abyssal Pla in. Paleoceanography 18, 1052 (2003)
  ADS Google Scholar
• Rontani, J. F. et al. Degradation of alkenones by aerobic heterotrophic bacteria: selective or not? Org. Geochem. 39, 34–51 (2008)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Barron, J. A., Heusser, L., Herbert, T. & Lyle, M. High-resolution climatic evolution of coastal northern California during the past 16,000 years. Paleoceanography 18, 1020 (2003)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Roselle-Melé, A. & Comes, P. Evidence for a warm Last Glacial Maximum in the Nordic seas or an example of shortcomings in UK37′ and UK37 to estimate low seas surface temperature? Paleoceanography 14, 770–776 (1999)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Bendle, J. & Roselle-Mele, A. Distributions of UK37 and UK37′ in the surface waters and sediments of the Nordic Seas: Implications for paleoceanography. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 5, Q11013 (2004)
  Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
• Prahl, F. G. et al. Assessment of sea-surface temperature at 42°N in the California Current over the last 30,000 years. Paleoceanography 10, 763–773 (1995)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Bernhard, J. M. Characteristic assemblages and morphologies of benthic foraminifera from anoxia, organic-rich deposits: Jurassic through Holocene. J. Foraminiferal Res. 16, 207–215 (1986)
  Article Google Scholar
• Bernhard, J. & Reimers, C. Benthic foraminiferal population fluctuation related to anoxia: Santa Barbara Basin. Biochemistry 15, 127–149 (1991)
  CAS Google Scholar
• Kaiho, K. Benthic foraminiferal dissolved-oxygen index and dissolved-oxygen levels in the modern ocean. Geology 22, 719–722 (1994)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Jorissen, F. J., Fontanier, C. & Thomas, E. Paleoceanographical proxies based on deep-sea benthic foraminiferal assemblage characteristics. Proxies in Late Cenozoic Paleoceanography: Pt. 2: Biological tracers and biomarkers (eds Hillaire-Marcel C. & de Vernal, A. ) 263–326 (Elsevier, 2007)
• Hermelin, J. O. R. & Shimmield, G. B. The importance of the oxygen minimum zone and sediment geochemistry on the distribution of recent benthic foraminifera from the NW Indian ocean. Mar. Geol. 91, 1–29 (1990)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Kienast, S. S., Calvert, S. E. & Pedersen, T. F. Nitrogen isotope and productivity variations along the northeast Pacific margin over the last 120 kyr: surface and subsurface paleoceanography. Paleoceanography 17, 7-1–7-17 (2002)
  Article Google Scholar
• Thomson, R. E. & Krassovski, M. V. Poleward reach of the California Undercurrent extension. J. Geophys. Res. 115, C09027 (2010)
  ADS Google Scholar
• Robinson, R. S., Martinez, P., Pena, L. D. & Cacho, I. Nitrogen isotopic evidence for deglacial changes in nutrient supply in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Paleoceanography 24, PA4213 (2009)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Schmitt, J. et al. Carbon isotope constraints on the deglacial CO2 rise from ice cores. Science 336, 711–714 (2012)
  Article CAS ADS PubMed Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., Quay, P. D. & Wilbur, D. O. Carbon isotope fractionation during gas water exchange and dissolution of CO2 . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 107–114 (1995)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Fitzsimmons, J. N., Boyle, E. A. & Jenkins, W. J. Distal transport of dissolved hydrothermal iron in the deep South Pacific Ocean. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 16654–16661 (2014)
  Article CAS ADS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Chang, A. S., Pichevin, L., Pedersen, T. F., Gray, V. & Ganeshram, R. New insights into productivity and redox-controlled trace element (Ag, Cd, Re, and Mo) accumulation in a 55 kyr long sediment record from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. Paleoceanography 30, 77–94 (2015)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Conley, D. J., Carstensen, J., Vaquer-Sunyer, R. & Duarte, C. M. Ecosystem thresholds with hypoxia. Hydrobiologia 629, 21–29 (2009)
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Moffitt, S. E., Hill, T. M., Ohkushi, K., Kennett, J. P. & Behl, R. Vertical oxygen minimum zone oscillations since 20 ka in Santa Barbara Basin: A benthic foraminiferal community perspective. Paleoceanography 29, 44–57 (2014)
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Schilt, A. et al. Atmospheric nitrous oxide during the last 140,000 years. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 300, 33–43 (2010)
  Article CAS ADS Google Scholar
• Monnin, E. et al. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last glacial termination. Science 291, 112–114 (2001)
  Article CAS ADS PubMed Google Scholar
• Marcott, S. A. et al. Centennial-scale changes in the global carbon cycle during the last deglaciation. Nature 514, 616–619 (2014)
  Article CAS ADS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hill, T. M. et al. Pre-Bølling warming in Santa Barbara Basin, California: surface and intermediate water records of early deglacial warmth. Quat. Sci. Rev. 25, 2835–2845 (2006)
  Article ADS Google Scholar