Mechanisms of Disease: hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes—pathogenesis and clinical relevance (original) (raw)

• DeFronzo RA (2004) Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Med Clin North Am 88: 787–835
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Choudhury J and Sanyal AJ (2004) Clinical aspects of fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 24: 349–362
  Article Google Scholar
• Roden M and Bernroider E (2003) Hepatic glucose metabolism—its role in health and disease. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 17: 365–383
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Krssak M et al. (2004) Postprandial hepatic glycogen metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 53: 3048–3056
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Krssak M and Roden M (2004) The role of lipid accumulation in liver and muscle for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 5: 127–134
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Nielsen S et al. (2004) Splanchnic lipolysis in human obesity. J Clin Invest 113: 1582–1588
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Donnelly KL et al. (2005) Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Invest 115: 1343–1351
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ravikumar B et al. (2005) Real-time assessment of postprandial fat storage in liver and skeletal muscle in health and type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 288: E789–E797
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Heath RB et al. (2003) Selective partitioning of dietary fatty acids into the VLDL TG pool in the early postprandial period. J Lipid Res 44: 2065–2072
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Tamura S and Shimomura I (2005) Contribution of adipose tissue and de novo lipogenesis to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Invest 115: 1139–1142
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Brea A et al. (2005) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with carotid atherosclerosis. A case–control study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25: 1–6
  Article Google Scholar
• Unger RH (2003) Lipid overload and overflow: metabolic trauma and the metabolic syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 14: 398–403
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Lowell BB and Shulman GI (2005) Mitochondrial dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. Science 307: 384–387
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Lazar MA (2005) How obesity causes diabetes: not a tall tale. Science 307: 373–375
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kadowaki T and Yamauchi T (2005) Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors. Endocr Rev 26: 439–451
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• McGarry JD (2002) Banting lecture 2001: dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51: 7–18
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Gavrilova O et al. (2000) Surgical implantation of adipose tissue reverses diabetes in lipoatrophic mice. J Clin Invest 105: 271–278
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Petersen KF et al. (2002) Leptin reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in patients with severe lipodystrophy. J Clin Invest 109: 1345–1350
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Simha V et al. (2003) Effect of leptin replacement on intrahepatic and intramyocellular lipid content in patients with generalized lipodystrophy. Diabetes Care 26: 30–35
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Krebs M et al. (2001) Free fatty acids inhibit glucose-stimulated increases of intramuscular glucose-6-phosphate concentrations in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 2153–2160
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Lam TK et al. (2002) Free fatty acid-induced hepatic insulin resistance: a potential role for protein kinase C-δ. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283: E682–E691
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Samuel VT et al. (2004) Mechanism of hepatic insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biol Chem 279: 32345–32353
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Wellen KE and Hotamisligil GS (2005) Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. J Clin Invest 115: 1111–1119
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Roden M et al. (2000) Relative hypoleptinemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Obesity 24: 976–981
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Brabant G et al. (2005) Hepatic leptin signalling in obesity. FASEB J 19: 1048–1050
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ikejima K et al. (2002) Leptin receptor-mediated signaling regulates hepatic fibrogenesis and remodeling of extracellular matrix in the rat. Gastroenterology 122: 1399–1410
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Angulo P et al. (2004) Leptin, insulin resistance, and liver fibrosis in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 41: 943–949
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ofei F et al. (1996) Effects of an engineered human anti-TNF-α antibody (CDP571) on insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in patients with NIDDM. Diabetes 45: 881–885
  Article Google Scholar
• Paquot N et al. (2000) No increased insulin sensitivity after a single intravenous administration of a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein in obese insulin-resistant patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 1316–1319
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Arner P (2005) Resistin: yet another adipokine tells us that men are not mice. Diabetologia 48: 2203–2205
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Chen MP et al. (2006) Elevated plasma level of visfatin/pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91: 295–299
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Brehm A et al. (2006) Increased lipid availability impairs insulin stimulated ATP synthesis in human skeletal muscle. Diabetes 55: 136–140
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Perez-Carreras M et al. (2003) Defective hepatic mitochondrial respiratory chain in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 38: 999–1007
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Cai D et al. (2005) Local and systemic insulin resistance resulting from hepatic activation of IKK-β and NFκ B. Nat Med 11: 183–190
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Targher et al. (2005) Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and risk of future cardiovascular events among type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes 54: 3541–3546
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Adams LA and Angulo P (2005) Recent concepts in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabet Med 22: 1129–1133
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Adams LA et al. (2005) The histological course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a longitudinal study of 103 patients with sequential liver biopsies. J Hepatol 42: 132–138
  Article Google Scholar
• Wanless IR and Lentz JS (1990) Fatty liver hepatitis (steatohepatitis) and obesity: an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors. Hepatology 12: 1106–1110
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Angulo P et al. (1999) Independent predictors of liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 30: 1356–1362
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Adams et al. (2005) The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology 129: 113–121
  Article Google Scholar
• Hui JM et al. (2004) Beyond insulin resistance in NASH: TNF-α or adiponectin? Hepatology 40: 46–54
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Bugianesi E et al. (2005) Plasma adiponectin in nonalcoholic fatty liver is related to hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic fat content, not to liver disease severity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 3498–3504
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (2001) Executive summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III). JAMA 285: 2486–2497
• Marchesini G et al. (2001) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a feature of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 50: 1844–1850
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Bugianesi E et al. (2005) Insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: sites and mechanisms. Diabetologia 48: 634–642
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Vozarova B et al. (2002) High alanine aminotransferase is associated with decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity and predicts the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51: 1889–1895
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Sattar N et al. (2004) Elevated alanine aminotransferase predicts new-onset type 2 diabetes independently of classical risk factors, metabolic syndrome, and C-reactive protein in the west of Scotland coronary prevention study. Diabetes 53: 2855–2860
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Jimba S et al. (2005) Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with impaired glucose metabolism in Japanese adults. Diabet Med 22: 1141–1145
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Joy D et al. (2003) Diagnosis of fatty liver disease: is biopsy necessary? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15: 539–543
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Browning JD et al. (2004) Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity. Hepatology 40: 1387–1395
  Article Google Scholar
• Sargin M et al. (2003) Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with insulin resistance: is OGTT indicated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? J Clin Gastroenterol 37: 399–402
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Anderwald C et al. (2002) Effects of insulin treatment in type 2 diabetic patients on intracellular lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle. Diabetes 51: 3025–3032
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Mayerson AB et al. (2002) The effects of rosiglitazone on insulin sensitivity, lipolysis, and hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride content in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51: 797–802
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Ryysy L et al. (2000) Hepatic fat content and insulin action on free fatty acids and glucose metabolism rather than insulin absorption are associated with insulin requirements during insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes 49: 749–758
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Kelley DE et al. (2003) Fatty liver in type 2 diabetes mellitus: relation to regional adiposity, fatty acids, and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285: E906–E916
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Tiikkainen M et al. (2002) Liver-fat accumulation and insulin resistance in obese women with previous gestational diabetes. Obes Res 10: 859–867
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Seppala-Lindroos A et al. (2002) Fat accumulation in the liver is associated with defects in insulin suppression of glucose production and serum free fatty acids independent of obesity in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 3023–3028
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Sutinen J et al. (2002) Increased fat accumulation in the liver in HIV-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophy. AIDS 16: 2183–2193
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Westerbacka J et al. (2005) Dietary fat content modifies liver fat in overweight nondiabetic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 2804–2809
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Tiikkainen M et al. (2003) Effects of identical weight loss on body composition and features of insulin resistance in obese women with high and low liver fat content. Diabetes 52: 701–707
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Petersen KF et al. (2005) Reversal of nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis, hepatic insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia by moderate weight reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 54: 603–608
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Tamura Y et al. (2005) Effects of diet and exercise on muscle and liver intracellular lipid contents and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 3191–3196
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Carey DG et al. (2002) Effect of rosiglitazone on insulin sensitivity and body composition in type 2 diabetic patients. Obes Res 10: 1008–1015
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Bajaj M et al. (2003) Pioglitazone reduces hepatic fat content and augments splanchnic glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 52: 1364–1370
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Bajaj M et al. (2004) Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations are closely related to hepatic fat content and hepatic insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 200–206
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Bajaj M et al. (2004) Plasma resistin concentration, hepatic fat content, and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type II diabetic patients. Int J Obes 28: 783–789
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Roden M et al. (2001) Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hepatic glucose metabolism in humans. Recent Prog Horm Res 56: 219–237
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Nair S et al. (2004) Metformin in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a pilot open label trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 20: 23–28
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Tiikkainen M et al. (2004) Effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on liver fat content, hepatic insulin resistance, insulin clearance, and gene expression in adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 53: 2169–2176
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Brehm A et al. (2005) Comparison of the effects of glimepiride vs. pioglitazone + nateglinide therapy on insulin sensitivity and ectopic fat storage in well-controlled type 2 diabetes [abstract]. Diabetes 54 (Suppl 1): A381
  Google Scholar
• Müller G (2000) The molecular mechanism of the insulinmimetic/sensitizing activity of the antidiabetic sulfonylurea drug amaryl. Mol Med 6: 907–933
  Article Google Scholar
• Katoh S et al. (2001) Troglitazone prevents the rise in visceral adiposity and improves fatty liver associated with sulfonylurea therapy—a randomized controlled trial. Metabolism 50: 414–417
  Article CAS Google Scholar